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Cell from a primary tumor carried by blood circulation
A circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a cancer cell from a primary tumor that has shed into the blood of the circulatory system, or the lymph of the lymphatic
Circulating_tumor_cell
Tumor-derived fragmented DNA in the bloodstream
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is tumor-derived fragmented DNA in the bloodstream that is not associated with cells. ctDNA should not be confused with cell-free
Circulating_tumor_DNA
Spreading of a disease inside a body
Some cancer cells, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are able to penetrate the walls of lymphatic or blood vessels, and circulate through the bloodstream
Metastasis
Medical test involving extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination
cancer cells or substances released by cancer cells. There are two types of liquid biopsy: circulating tumor cell assays or cell-free circulating tumor DNA
Biopsy
The cancer exodus hypothesis establishes that circulating tumor cell clusters (CTC clusters) maintain their multicellular structure throughout the metastatic
Cancer_exodus_hypothesis
Cancer research
Norton, L; Massagué, J (2009). "Tumor self-seeding by circulating cancer cells". Cell. 139 (7): 1315–26. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.025. PMC 2810531. PMID 20064377
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
Mouse_models_of_breast_cancer_metastasis
Direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues
patterns of cancer cell invasion by cell migration are collective cell migration and individual cell migration, by which tumor cells overcome barriers
Invasion_(cancer)
Natural or synthetic fibers with diameters in the nanometer range
solid tumor biopsy. This is simply a blood draw that contains circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which are shed into the bloodstream from solid tumors. Patients
Nanofiber
Microtechnology
is useful for expanded use of rare samples e.g.: stem cells, biopsies, circulating tumor cells. The reaction involves thermal cycling of the DNA sequence
Bio-MEMS
Circulating mitochondrial DNA, also called cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf mtDNA), are short
Circulating_mitochondrial_DNA
Sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissues
structures, especially exosomes, and, in the context of cancer, circulating tumor cells. There are several types of liquid biopsy methods; method selection
Liquid_biopsy
Methods for Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation and Molecular Analysis". Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells. Advances in
Cell_isolation
Degraded DNA fragments circulating in bodily fluids
forms of DNA freely circulating in body fluids, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf mtDNA), cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA)
Circulating_free_DNA
Examines sequence information from individual cells
2019). "Circulating Tumor Cell Clustering Shapes DNA Methylation to Enable Metastasis Seeding". Cell. 176 (1–2): 98–112.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.11
Single-cell_sequencing
Surroundings of tumors including nearby cells and blood vessels
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem surrounding a tumor, composed of cancer cells, stromal tissue (including blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts
Tumor_microenvironment
DNA sequencing method
The use of ctDNA in this technique should not be confused with circulating tumor cells (CTCs); these are two different entities. Originally described
CAPP-Seq
Laboratory technique to localize nucleic acids
Drosophila embryos), in the entire tissue (whole mount ISH), in cells, and in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This is distinct from immunohistochemistry, which
In_situ_hybridization
Genetically engineered T cell
therapy). The CAR programs the T cells to target an antigen present on the tumor cell surface. For safety, CAR T cells are engineered to be specific to
CAR_T_cell
Movement of cells out of the circulatory system into surrounding tissue
that stem cells reach damaged tissue when injected or infused into the circulatory system. It has been found that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) possess
Angiopellosis
Cell type
begun to term these cells colony forming unit-Hill cells (CFU-Hill) or circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) instead (depending on the method of isolation)
Endothelial_progenitor_cell
Genetic testing technique
localize specific RNA targets (mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA) in cells, circulating tumor cells, and tissue samples. In this context, it helps define the spatial
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization
Immune system messenger protein which induces inflammation
induces inflammation by binding to its receptors on other cells. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, a family of transmembrane proteins
Tumor_necrosis_factor
Medical Test
Test (Isolation by SizE of Tumor cells / Trophoblastic cells) is a diagnostic blood test that detects circulating tumor cells in a blood sample. The test
ISET_Test
2000 paper by Hanahan and Weinberg
possible for tumor cells to penetrate into the bloodstream. Upon entering the bloodstream, cancer cells become known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). To
The_Hallmarks_of_Cancer
Disease classification
tumor, cancer cells circulate throughout the body. They are known as circulating tumor cells once they are in the blood. Few circulating tumor cells can disseminate to
Disseminated_disease
Type of extracellular vesicle
inhibits T-cell proliferation and prevents the removal of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). As a consequence, tumor cells can turn off T-cell responses or
Microvesicle
Tumors of the adrenal gland
but less aggressive tumors composed of more mature neural cells include ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Neuroblastic tumors often produce elevated
Adrenal_tumor
Neoplasm in the brain
A brain tumor (sometimes referred to as brain cancer) occurs when a group of cells within the brain grow out of control, creating a mass. There are two
Brain_tumor
Cancer tumor in dogs
A mastocytoma in dogs (or mast cell tumor in dogs) is a neoplasm (neoplasia) originating from mast cells in the domestic dog, which occurs mainly in the
Mastocytoma_in_dogs
Photoacoustic Flow Cytometery
diagnosis of Malaria in humans. Circulating tumor cells or CTCs are tumor cells that have broken off from their primary tumor and travel in the blood. These
Photoacoustic_flow_cytometry
Artificial stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer
exploits the fact that cancer cells often have tumor antigens, molecules on their surface that can bind to antibody proteins or T-cell receptors, triggering an
Cancer_immunotherapy
company founded in 2008, offering medical diagnostics characterizing circulating tumor cells. Its technology is licensed from Scripps Research Institute, based
Epic_Sciences
Medical therapy involving transplant of cells expanded ex vivo
immunized against the tumor to inhibit growth of small established tumors, becoming the first example of ACT. Description of T cell growth factor interleukin-2
Adoptive_cell_transfer
for cell isolation. Cell-types often of interest to purify may be specific leukocytes, such as CD4+ T cells, stem cells, or circulating tumor cells (CTCs)
Dynabeads
Measurable indicator
Velculescu VE (June 2014). "Blood-based analyses of cancer: circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA". Cancer Discovery. 4 (6): 650–661. doi:10.1158/2159-8290
Biomarker_(medicine)
Type of cytotoxic lymphocyte
lymphoid cells (ILC), and represent 5–20% of all circulating lymphocytes in humans. The role of NK cells is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the
Natural_killer_cell
Small collection of cancer cells that has spread to another part of the body
the peripheral blood are known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells have successfully left the primary tumor microenvironment and the SNLs, and
Micrometastasis
Substance or process that is indicative of the presence of cancer in the body
markers include circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating miRNAs. Both these markers are associated with the number of tumor cells present in the
Cancer_biomarker
Lab technique in biology and chemistry
but not less than 90%. Circulating tumor cells: Flow cytometry is essential for isolating and purifying circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples
Flow_cytometry
Cells forming the neural tube wall during embryogenesis
Oligodendroglial tumors manifest in glial cells, which are responsible for supporting and protecting nerve cells in the brain. The tumor develops over oligodendrocytes
Neuroepithelial_cell
Group of diseases involving cell growth
uncontrolled cell growth typically resulting in tumors with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These malignant tumors contrast
Cancer
Subtype of white blood cell
meaning cell). Lymphocytes make up between 18% and 42% of circulating white blood cells. The three major types of lymphocyte are T cells, B cells and natural
Lymphocyte
Type of cells of the immunological system
classified as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell, constituting 60–70% of the circulating leukocytes
White_blood_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
halomethane Centralized traffic control, a form of railway signalling Circulating tumor cell, in the blood Closed timelike curve, in general relativity Common
CTC
Type of breast cancer lacking certain gene expressions
cancer) demonstrated significantly reduced levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and decreased tumor size at two-week and five-week observation intervals
Triple-negative_breast_cancer
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
elevated in circulating tumor cells isolated from the mouse blood compared with the parental cell line. When these circulating tumor cells were returned
Asparagine_synthetase
Blood vessel formation, when new vessels emerge from existing vessels
substantial shedding of tumor cells into the vasculature, possibly contributing to the appearance of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of
Angiogenesis
Malignant tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue
cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the tissues of the lungs. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often
Lung_cancer
Medical condition
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm of the mesodermal cells that form the connective tissues which support virtually all of the
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
Inflammatory_myofibroblastic_tumour
Type of minimal residual disease
minimal residual disease (MRD) using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis that does not require prior sequencing of a tumor tissue. Instead, these assays analyze
Tumor-agnostic minimal residual disease
Tumor-agnostic_minimal_residual_disease
Cell that displays antigen bound by MHC proteins on its surface
against tumors. Some cancer therapies involve the creation of artificial APCs to prime the adaptive immune system to target malignant cells. Antigen-presenting
Antigen-presenting_cell
German biotechnology company
bioinformatics analysis software. In 2015, QIAGEN acquired AdnaGen's circulating tumor cell enrichment technology. QIAGEN also acquired Enzymatic enzyme solutions
Qiagen
Pharmaceutical drug
is an androgen receptor splice variant that can be detected in circulating tumor cells of metastatic prostate cancer patients. CHECKMATE-227 tested the
Ipilimumab
Malignant thyroid neoplasm originating from C-cells
which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin. Medullary tumors are the third most common of all thyroid
Medullary_thyroid_cancer
Interdisciplinary science
is also suitable for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and non-CTCs liquid biopsy analysis. Beads conjugate to anti‐epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)
Microfluidics
Vidya; Iizuka, Shinji (2018-09-07). "Cell fusion potentiates tumor heterogeneity and reveals circulating hybrid cells that correlate with stage and survival"
Hybrid_cell_line
Cancer of plasma cells
replacement of normal bone marrow by infiltrating tumor cells and inhibition of normal red blood cell production (hematopoiesis) by cytokines. Impaired
Multiple_myeloma
TNF-α and IL-2 in comparison with circulating T cells in melanoma patients what suggest different mechanism for tumor growth control. Upregulation of granzyme
Tissue-resident_memory_T_cell
Type of minimal residual disease
cancer patients. It primarily analyzes circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)—small fragments of DNA shed from tumor cells into the blood plasma. This method addresses
Tumor-informed minimal residual disease
Tumor-informed_minimal_residual_disease
Tumour cells on blood smear
Kuniaki (2015). "Occult Breast Lobular Carcinoma with Numerous Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood". Case Reports in Pathology. 2015: 1–6. doi:10
Carcinocythemia
Sendai virus, virus of rodents
nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-13. Okegawa T (2018). "Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer". Hormone Therapy and Castration
Murine_respirovirus
Particle motion in a non-uniform electric field due to dipole-field interactions
analysis of circulating tumor cells identifies distinct copy-number profiles in patients with chemosensitive and chemorefractory small-cell lung cancer"
Dielectrophoresis
Type of white blood cell
tumor growth and progression by promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, fostering tumor angiogenesis and suppressing antitumor immune cells.
Macrophage
Form of biological cell death
that anisomycin can sensitize metastatic epithelial cells to anoikis and reduce circulating tumor cell implantation in vivo. Anisomycin achieved this anti-metastatic
Anoikis
Medical condition
blood cells, leukocytes, and/or platelets, increased circulating large, granule-containing malignant NK cells, and infiltrations of the latter cells in bone
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
Extranodal_NK/T-cell_lymphoma,_nasal_type
Group of immune cells in the bone marrow
interact with immune cell types such as T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells to regulate their functions. Tumors with high levels
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell
Myeloid-derived_suppressor_cell
Bioengineered construct
microspheres with specialized antibodies and peptides that can bind to circulating tumor cells and facilitate their removal or altering their shape upon thrombin
Platelet-mimicking_particle
autoimmunity, tumors, and digestive organs damages. Th22 cells are mainly defined by their high secretion of interleukin-22 (IL-22). Besides IL-22, Th22 cells also
Th22_cell
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal. NK cells also kill tumorous cells in a similar way, especially if the tumor cells have fewer
Immune_system
Tumor-associated endothelial cells or tumor endothelial cells (TECs) refers to cells lining the tumor-associated blood vessels that control the passage
Tumor-associated endothelial cell
Tumor-associated_endothelial_cell
monolayers. The formation of microtentacles (McTNs) in detached or circulating tumor cells may promote seeding of bloodborne metastatic disease. Yoon, JR;
Microtentacle
Chemical compound
high-aspect ratio microchannels for high-throughput isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)" 2014, Microsystem Technologies, 20(10), pp. 1815-1825 Lamonte
Cyclic_olefin_copolymer
Accessory cell of the mammalian immune system
T cells, which are immune cells that can also suppress tumor growth. However, dendritic cell activity is commonly suppressed by regulatory T cells and
Dendritic_cell
Family of cell adhesion molecules
the extravasation of circulating tumor cells in the host organ requires successive adhesive interactions between endothelial cells and their ligands or
Selectin
Massachusetts biotechnology company, 2009–2018
Biotechnology in 2014, involves the sequencing of whole exomes of circulating tumor cells by means of cell enrichment and isolation, genomic amplification, library
Enumeral
by the mechanical signals can be found. The Young's modulus of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) is very strongly correlated with the severity of cancer
Physical_oncology
American company in Madison, Wisconsin
Cancerguard Multiple Early detection of cancerous cells through identification of tumor DNA circulating in the blood by means of a blood draw Under development
Exact_Sciences_Corporation
Monoclonal antibody
cancer) demonstrated significantly reduced levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and decreased tumor size at two-week and five-week observation intervals
Leronlimab
Group of innate immune cells that are derived from common lymphoid progenitors
resident marker expression. NK cells are cytotoxic cells, circulating in the bloodstream, killing virus-infected, and tumor cells. ILC1s, are non- cytotoxic
Innate_lymphoid_cell
Central part of the adrenal gland
Neuroblastoma, a neuroendocrine tumor of any neural crest tissue of the sympathetic nervous system. Ganglioneuroma, a tumor in the nerve cells of the peripheral nervous
Adrenal_medulla
Type of cancer immunotherapy
based on the use and redirection of the T cell receptor (TCR) against specific antigen of interest such as a tumor antigens. TCRs are heterodimers made of
T cell receptor T cell therapy
T_cell_receptor_T_cell_therapy
Cidofovir – Cilengitide – Cimetidine – Cipro – Ciprofloxacin – Circulating tumor cell – Circulatory system – Cirrhosis – CIS – Cisplatin – Citric acid/potassium-sodium
Index_of_oncology_articles
Networks of fibres which bind pathogens
enhanced the trapping of circulating tumor cells and increased metastasis to the liver. Specifically, when Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-H59) were injected
Neutrophil extracellular traps
Neutrophil_extracellular_traps
Keratin protein in humans
epithelial origin from hematopoietic cells in tests that enumerate circulating tumor cells in blood. Keratin 8 has been shown to interact with MAPK14, Pinin
Keratin_8
Common type of liver cancer
higher circulating insulin concentration) show far greater risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than diabetics on treatments that reduce circulating insulin
Hepatocellular_carcinoma
US-based biomedical engineer
DNA or RNA sequences, to isolate and study different types of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood, offering an alternative to antibody-based
Z._Hugh_Fan
Biological process in animal connective tissue
enter the bloodstream through intravasation. Later, when these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exit the bloodstream to form micro-metastases, they undergo
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Epithelial–mesenchymal_transition
T cells, such as CD95, CD122 (IL-2Rβ), CXCR3, LFA-1. These cells represent approximately 2–3% of circulating T cells. Like naïve T cells, TSCM cells are
T_memory_stem_cell
Lymphocytes without surface receptors
Null cells, a subset of large circulating white blood cells, mimic the appearance of T or B lymphocytes but do not possess their defining surface receptors
Null_cell
Macrophages located in the liver
macrophages, which must be continually renewed by circulating monocytes, these monocyte-derived Kupffer cells are capable of self-renewal once a population
Kupffer_cell
Bone marrow cancer in which lymphocytes are overproduced
hairy cell leukemia, high grade T cell lymphomas, acute myeloid leukemia, lung cancer, brain cancer, melanoma of the eye or skin, salivary gland tumors, and
Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia
Hypothesis in the treatment of metastatic cancer
encompass the tumor-draining lymph nodes and a substantial fraction of circulating lymphocytes, both of which are required for T cell priming. However
Abscopal_effect
diagnostics". Retrieved August 3, 2017. "Sound Waves Gently Cull Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Samples". Archived from the original on September 5
Tony_Jun_Huang
Microfluidics for the Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cell Subpopulations Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule, M.A
Steven_A._Soper
Observation of a disease, condition or one or several medical parameters over time
a thermoelectric transducer. Cancer therapy monitoring through circulating tumor cells Monitoring of vital parameters can include several of the ones
Monitoring_(medicine)
Biopharmaceutical drug
Desmond-Hellmann SU, "Treatment of hematologic malignancies associated with circulating tumor cells using chimeric anti-Cd20 antibody", published 9 November 1999,
Rituximab
Cancer affecting Tasmanian devils
Expressed on Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Cells but Is Strongly Upregulated in Response to IFN-γ and Can Be Expressed in the Tumor Microenvironment". Frontiers
Devil_facial_tumour_disease
Diagnostic technique
the Cytophone, that uses focused-ultrasound to detect label-free circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in melanoma and healthy patients. This system has passed
Focused ultrasound-mediated diagnostics
Focused_ultrasound-mediated_diagnostics
Medical condition
pathologically high levels of monoclonal plasma cells in their bone marrow plus a malignant plasma cell-secreted circulating monoclonal myeloma protein, either IgG
Plasma_cell_leukemia
Spectrum of blood disorders
marrow plasma cells and/or evidence of clonal plasma cell-mediated tissue injury (e.g. plasmacytoma tumors). Here, a clone of plasma cells refers to group
Plasma_cell_dyscrasias
travel, tourism, insurance
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
Boy/Male
Welsh Greek
God's gift.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Noble humor.
Girl/Female
British, English, German, Teutonic
Noble; Good Humor
Boy/Male
Tamil
Life giving, Air circulating in the body
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Noble humor.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Noble humor.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Life giving, Air circulating in the body
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Noble humor.
Girl/Female
German
Has good humor.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Welsh Tudur, TUDOR means "first of the people; king of nations."
Boy/Male
Australian
Iron
Boy/Male
Hindu
Air circulating in the body
Boy/Male
Tamil
Air circulating in the body
Girl/Female
Teutonic American Spanish
Noble humor.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wit, Humor, Wisdom, Prudence
Girl/Female
Latin
Rumor.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Good humor.
Girl/Female
Indian
Wit, Humor, Wisdom, Prudence
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Good humor.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Tumour; Mountain; Foetus
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELL
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