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The N-slit interferometer is an extension of the double-slit interferometer also known as Young's double-slit interferometer. One of the first known uses
N-slit_interferometer
Physics experiment
quantum eraser Diffraction from slits Dual-polarization interferometry Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester N-slit interferometer Matter wave Photon polarization
Double-slit_experiment
Equation
thought experiments on double-slit interference of electrons. Feynman's approach was extended to N-slit interferometers for either single-photon illumination
N-slit interferometric equation
N-slit_interferometric_equation
Topics referred to by the same term
(NEVPT) n-entity n-flake n-gram n-group n-monoid n-player game n-skeleton n-slit interferometer n-slit interferometric equation n-sphere n-vector n-vector
N-
Nomarski interferometer Nonlinear Michelson interferometer / Step-phase Michelson interferometer N-slit interferometer Phase-shifting interferometer (phase-shifting
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Laser physicist and author/editor
Engineering Excellence Award in 1995 for the invention of the N-slit laser interferometer. Duarte and Piper introduced multiple-prism near-grazing-incidence
F._J._Duarte
Turbulent movement of transparent air masses
optical techniques, such as scintillometers, Doppler LIDARs, or N-slit interferometers. At typical heights where it occurs, the intensity and location
Clear-air_turbulence
Quantum physics thought experiment
laboratory interferometer experiments, so despite there being no double-slit device near the light source, the cosmic experiment is closer to the double-slit experiment
Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment
Wheeler's_delayed-choice_experiment
Wave phenomenon
barrier. Diffraction grating Envelope (waves) Fourier analysis N-slit interferometer Radio telescopes Born, Max; Wolf, Emil (1980). Principles of optics:
Diffraction_from_slits
Measurement method using interference of waves
interferometer. A wavefront splitting interferometer divides a light wavefront emerging from a point or a narrow slit (i.e. spatially coherent light) and
Interferometry
Interferometer which uses the wave-like nature of atoms
In this sense, atom interferometers are the matter wave analog of double-slit, Michelson-Morley, or Mach-Zehnder interferometers typically used for light
Atom_interferometer
Communication using lasers in outer space
include: Secure communications have been proposed using a laser N-slit interferometer where the laser signal takes the form of an interferometric pattern
Laser_communication_in_space
Optical devices treating collimated light
Multiple-prism dispersion theory Multiple-prism grating laser oscillators N-Slit interferometer Ray transfer matrix analysis Duarte, F. J. (1990). "Narrow-linewidth
Beam_expander
Public university in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
appointed, The Australian Financial Review, 17 April 2015. G. Overton, N-slit interferometer extends secure free-space communications, Laser Focus World, 1 March
Macquarie_University
Protein fiber made by spiders
Taylor, T S; Black, A M; Davenport, W E; Varmette, P G (2011). "N-slit interferometer for secure free-space optical communications: 527 m intra interferometric
Spider_silk
Device to determine relative phase shift
The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is a device used to determine the relative phase shift variations between two collimated beams derived by splitting light
Mach–Zehnder_interferometer
the Sagnac interferometer, Zernike phase-contrast interferometer, and the point diffraction interferometer. A common-path interferometer is generally
Common-path_interferometer
Optical instrument used to measure optical densities in the microscopic domain
coatings or transmission optical surfaces. Densitometer Particle size N-slit interferometer J. C. Dainty and R. Shaw, Image Science (Academic, New york, 1974)
Microdensitometer
Communication using light sent through free space
frequency KORUZA Laser safety Mie scattering Modulating retro-reflector N-slit interferometer Optical window Radio window Rayleigh scattering Free-space path
Free-space optical communication
Free-space_optical_communication
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
detectors at the slits find that each detected photon passes through one slit (as would a classical particle), and not through both slits (as would a wave)
Quantum_mechanics
Common configuration for optical interferometry
The Michelson interferometer is a common configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by the American physicist Albert Abraham Michelson in
Michelson_interferometer
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
light interference are the famous double-slit experiment, laser speckle, anti-reflective coatings and interferometers. In addition to the classical wave model
Wave_interference
laser oscillator Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System N-slit interferometer N-slit interferometric equation NRLMSISE-00 Nanoimpellers Nanolaser
List_of_laser_articles
Optical setup to obtain interference pattern by reflection
over double-slit interferometers. If one wishes to create a series of closely spaced interference fringes using a double-slit interferometer, the spacing
Lloyd's_mirror
Technique to analyze the infrared spectrum of matter
monochromator has entrance and exit slits which restrict the amount of light that passes through it. The interferometer throughput is determined only by
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy
Measure of interference in a wave system
in a Ramsey interferometer. Photons, atoms, electrons, neutrons, and molecules have exhibited interference in double-slit interferometers. Degree of coherence
Interferometric_visibility
Potential for two waves to interfere
{c} }} is the relevant type of coherence for the Young's double-slit interferometer. It is also used in optical imaging systems and particularly in various
Coherence_(physics)
Concept in quantum optics
Mach–Zehnder interferometer with the caveat that Young's double slit experiment is concerned with spatial coherence, while the Mach–Zehnder interferometer relies
Higher_order_coherence
Physics experiment in quantum mechanics
was designed to investigate peculiar consequences of the well-known double-slit experiment in quantum mechanics, as well as the consequences of quantum entanglement
Delayed-choice_quantum_eraser
Distance over which a wave's shape repeats
phenomenon is used in the interferometer. A simple example is an experiment due to Young where light is passed through two slits. As shown in the figure
Wavelength
Astronomical observatory
Director. NPOI is a successful astronomical interferometer of the venerable and proven Michelson interferometer design. As noted, the majority of interferometric
United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station
United_States_Naval_Observatory_Flagstaff_Station
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
can be illustrated by the double-slit experiment. When particles of light (or anything else) pass through the double slit, a calculation assuming wavelike
Many-worlds_interpretation
1887 investigation of the speed of light
lengths between the two arms of the interferometer. This path difference depends on the orientation of the interferometer relative to the aether wind. Specifically
Michelson–Morley_experiment
Principle of quantum mechanics
in a superposition of both states. The interference fringes in the double-slit experiment provide another example of the superposition principle. The theory
Quantum_superposition
Quantity in quantum mechanics
velocity.' Experiments in 2010 reported photon trajectories in a double-slit interferometer that qualitatively matched earlier predictions for photons in the
Weak_value
Branch of mathematics
n ( n k ) x n − k h k − x n ) = 1 h ∑ k = 1 n ( n k ) x n − k h k = ∑ k = 1 n ( n k ) x n − k h k − 1 = n x n − 1 + n ( n − 1 ) 2 h x n − 2 + ⋯ + n h
Quantum_calculus
Experiment measuring the speed of light in moving water
the relative speeds of light in moving water. Fizeau used a special interferometer arrangement to measure the effect of movement of a medium upon the speed
Fizeau_experiment
Imaging systems using changes in phase
grating Bonse-Hart interferometer (gBH) operated at 22.5 keV photon energy and 1.5% spectral bandwidth. The incoming beam is shaped by slits of a few tens
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics
2 ( n − ( l + 1 2 ) + ( l + 1 2 ) 2 − ( Z α ) 2 ) 2 , {\displaystyle E_{\text{KG}}={\frac {m_{\pi }}{\sqrt {1+{\frac {(Z\alpha )^{2}}{{\Big (}n-{\big
Klein–Gordon_equation
Fringe hypothesis
PMID 19251667. Kikkawa M, Ishikawa T, Nakata T, Wakabayashi T, Hirokawa N (1994). "Direct visualization of the microtubule lattice seam both in vitro
Quantum_mind
Foundational principle in quantum physics
technology such as that required in gravitational wave interferometers. Such an interferometer measures distances between mirrors detect gravitational
Uncertainty_principle
American physicist (1852–1931)
confused with the Michelson interferometer which is one common laboratory interferometer configuration of which the interferometer used in the Michelson–Morley
Albert_A._Michelson
Astronomical observatory in Hawaii
objects. The LWS is now retired from science observations. Keck Interferometer The Interferometer allowed the light from both Keck telescopes to be combined
W._M._Keck_Observatory
Force resulting from the quantisation of a field
2 ∑ n ℏ | ω n | exp ( − t | ω n | ) , {\displaystyle \langle E(t)\rangle ={\frac {1}{2}}\sum _{n}\hbar |\omega _{n}|\exp {\bigl (}-t|\omega _{n}|{\bigr
Casimir_effect
Coherence time Collimated light Color Colorimetry Color science Common-path interferometer Confocal Confocal laser scanning microscopy Concave lens Concave mirror
Index_of_optics_articles
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
In the 1970s, a neutron interferometer demonstrated the action of gravity in relation to wave–particle duality. The double-slit experiment was performed
Matter_wave
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
that a photon traversed the upper path of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer unless the interferometer were actually built in such a way that the path taken by
Copenhagen_interpretation
Israeli electrical engineer and condensed matter physicist (born 1947)
highlights of the research done by him and his group are "novel electronic interferometers – demonstrating one-electron and two-electron interference; which-path
Mordehai_Heiblum
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
"Observing the Average Trajectories of Single Photons in a Two-Slit Interferometer". Science. 332 (6034): 1170–1173. Bibcode:2011Sci...332.1170K. doi:10
De_Broglie–Bohm_theory
Formula for spectral line wavelengths in alkali metals
09677583×107 m−1, n 1 {\displaystyle n_{1}} , n 2 {\displaystyle n_{2}} are principal quantum numbers for energy levels, with n 2 > n 1 {\displaystyle n_{2}>n_{1}}
Rydberg_formula
Quantum mechanics thought experiment
something, without ever opening it. This experiment has its roots in the double-slit experiment and other, more complex concepts which inspired it, including
Elitzur–Vaidman_bomb_tester
Telescope for optical astronomy
Technology Telescope Extremely large telescope List of astronomical interferometers at visible and infrared wavelengths List of largest optical reflecting
Large_Binocular_Telescope
Optical component which splits light into several beams
periodic distance between adjacent diffracting elements (e.g., parallel slits for a transmission grating) on the grating, and the wavelength of the incident
Diffraction_grating
NASA-operated orbital observatory (1991-2011)
make-up. The instrument consists of two parts, the telescope and the interferometer which consists of an optical bench and support electronics. The telescope
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Satellite
Non-mathematical introduction
doi:10.1039/C3CP51500A. PMID 23900710. S2CID 3944699. [I]n a three-grating interferometer... We observe high-contrast quantum fringe patterns of molecules
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics
Experiment verifying the wave-particle duality of matter
law n λ = 2 d sin ( 90 ∘ − θ 2 ) , {\displaystyle n\lambda =2d\sin \left(90^{\circ }-{\frac {\theta }{2}}\right),} for n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} ,
Davisson–Germer_experiment
Ability of any image-forming device to distinguish small details of an object
circular aperture is analogous to a two-dimensional version of the single-slit experiment. Light passing through the lens interferes with itself creating
Angular_resolution
German physicist and professor
means of an atom interferometer he was able to demonstrate experimentally that for an observed object passing through a double-slit arrangement quantum
Gerhard_Rempe
Electromagnetic quantum-mechanical effect in regions of zero magnetic and electric field
experimental confirmation was by Robert G. Chambers in 1960, in an electron interferometer with a magnetic field produced by a thin iron whisker, and other early
Aharonov–Bohm_effect
Formulation of quantum mechanics
< t 1 < ⋯ < t n − 1 < t n < t n + 1 = t b {\displaystyle t_{a}=t_{0}<t_{1}<\cdots <t_{n-1}<t_{n}<t_{n+1}=t_{b}} can be divided up into n + 1 smaller segments
Path-integral_formulation
Physical model of propagating energy
self-interference of a single photon. When a low intensity light is sent through an interferometer it will be detected by a photomultiplier or other sensitive detector
Electromagnetic_radiation
Multi-wavelength imaging method
full slit spectrum (x, λ). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) devices for spatial scanning obtain slit spectra by projecting a strip of the scene onto a slit and
Hyperspectral_imaging
Interference pattern
physics, its manifestation is wave interference like that seen in the double-slit experiment and the beat phenomenon in acoustics. The term originates from
Moiré_pattern
Branch of physics seeking to explain chaotic dynamical systems in terms of quantum theory
time required to diagonalize a matrix scales as N 3 {\displaystyle N^{3}} , where N {\displaystyle N} is the dimension of the matrix, so it is important
Quantum_chaos
Physics phenomenon
partial overlap of the corresponding quantum wave functions in Hardy's interferometer. In the earliest tests of Bell's theorem, the entangled particles were
Quantum_entanglement
Fundamental principle of physics
[Interference]. On the other hand, few opticians would regard the Michelson interferometer as an example of diffraction. Some of the important categories of diffraction
Superposition_principle
Range of physical processes in physics
the Atom". Philosophical Magazine. 6: 21. Seinfeld, John H.; Pandis, Spyros N. (2006). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics - From Air Pollution to Climate
Scattering
American-Brazilian-British scientist (1917–1992)
Machine. Observing the Average Trajectories of Single Photons in a Two-Slit Interferometer. D. Bohm: The characteristics of electrical discharges in magnetic
David_Bohm
a/LCI used a Michelson interferometer, the same model used in the famous Michelson–Morley experiment. The Michelson interferometer splits one beam of light
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry
Angle-resolved_low-coherence_interferometry
1922 physical experiment demonstrating that atomic spin is quantized
atoms were evaporated using an electric furnace in a vacuum. Using thin slits, the atoms were guided into a flat beam and the beam sent through an inhomogeneous
Stern–Gerlach_experiment
Modified form of the Michelson–Morley experiment, testing special relativity
degree. In order to determine if such a fringe shift took place, the interferometer was made extremely stable and the interference patterns were photographed
Kennedy–Thorndike_experiment
Spectral line splitting in magnetic field
early efforts had not. When illuminated by a slit-shaped source, the grating produces a long array of slit images corresponding to different wavelengths
Zeeman_effect
Demographic of Americans
prestigious Optical Society of America for the invention of the N-slit laser interferometer. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa is the director of the Pituitary Surgery
Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans
with Thomas Young's discovery of wave interference of light by his double-slit experiment in 1801. The wave view did not immediately displace the ray and
History_of_quantum_mechanics
Quantum error correcting code
consists of an input of squeezed vacuum states, a universal linear interferometer, which can enact any unitary transformation on a given state, and a
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill_code
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
Theory". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Mermin, N. David (1 July 2012). "Commentary:
QBism
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
that, in modern language, only one photon would be illuminating the interferometer slits at a time. He recorded the interference patterns on photographic
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
Electromagnetic waves that travel along an interface
roughness. Moreover, simple isolated surface defects such as a groove, a slit or a corrugation on an otherwise planar surface provide a mechanism by which
Surface_plasmon_polariton
Observatory
1024 H1RG HgCdTe infrared detector and a near-infrared Fabry–Pérot interferometer. It has many narrow band filters, including H2, [Fe II], and [SiVI]
Apache_Point_Observatory
Scientific facility in Big Bear Lake, California, U.S.
get processed for enhanced image detail. A dual Fabry–Pérot imaging interferometer for the near-infrared from 1.0 to 1.7 μm. A cryogenic Czerny-Turner
Goode_Solar_Telescope
ISBN 978-1-107-03473-0. Zee, Anthony (2003). Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691010199. OCLC 50479292. Byron,
List of textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics
List_of_textbooks_on_classical_mechanics_and_quantum_mechanics
Crystal used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers
particularly useful in providing the main beams for gravitational wave interferometers such as LIGO, VIRGO, GEO600 and TAMA.[citation needed] Nd:YAG lasers
Nd:YAG_laser
Michelson made the first measurements of a stellar diameter using an interferometer on the Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory. Important theoretical
History_of_astronomy
Austrian quantum physicist (born 1945)
coherent superposition. After his return to Europe, he built up an interferometer for very cold neutrons which preceded later similar experiments with
Anton_Zeilinger
Star in the constellation Canis Major
Imaging of Dust Shells by Using Keck Aperture Masking and the IOTA Interferometer". The Astrophysical Journal. 605 (1): 436–461. arXiv:astro-ph/0401363
VY_Canis_Majoris
Branch of physics that studies light
precise determinations of distances or angular resolutions. The Michelson interferometer was a famous instrument which used interference effects to accurately
Optics
wavelength-based operations, using a soliton microcomb and Mach–Zehnder interferometer mesh, marking a major step toward scalable, light-based AI hardware
2025_in_science
Telescope in La Palma, Spain
A Coudé focus was planned as a later addition, to feed an optical interferometer with another telescope, but this was never built. A chopping f/35 secondary
William_Herschel_Telescope
First NASA mission to orbit Jupiter (1989–2003)
disperse light for spectral analysis. Light then passed through an exit slit into photomultiplier tubes that produced pulses of electrons, which were
Galileo_(spacecraft)
Interdisciplinary research area
to a sequence of gates as in the circuit model), e.g. by an optical interferometer, the retrieval becomes efficient even for an exponential number of patterns
Quantum_machine_learning
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
resonators, which are two-dimensional microwave analogues of the Fabry–Pérot interferometer, in which the capacitance and inductances are distributed. Coplanar
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
diffraction grating) or imaged onto the entrance aperture of a conventional interferometer. The spectrum is reconstructed taking the Fourier transform of the recorded
Incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy
Incoherent_broad-band_cavity-enhanced_absorption_spectroscopy
Martin Ryle and Vonberg build the first two-element astronomical radio interferometer (see history of astronomical interferometry) 1953 – Charles H. Townes
Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics
Timeline_of_electromagnetism_and_classical_optics
Electronic testing device
MHz in the optical spectrum) can be made with a scanning Fabry–Pérot interferometer along with analog or digital control electronics, which sweep the resonant
Spectrum_analyzer
Digital imaging circuit
an array of analytical instrumentation including spectrometers and interferometers. Digital color cameras, including the digital color cameras in smartphones
Charge-coupled_device
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Kaniewski, J.; Bussières, F.; Houlmann, R.; Tomamichel, M.; Kent, A.; Gisin, N.; Wehner, S.; Zbinden, H. (2013). "Experimental Bit Commitment Based on Quantum
Quantum_cryptography
Spectral linewidth of a laser beam
Laser Fabry–Perot interferometer Beam divergence Multiple-prism dispersion theory Multiple-prism grating laser oscillator N-slit interferometric equation
Laser_linewidth
Optical telescope dedicated to observing the Sun
Interferometric Bidimensional Spectro-polarimeter (IBIS) is a dual interferometer, imaging spectropolarimeter. It uses a series of precise piezoelectric
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope
Richard_B._Dunn_Solar_Telescope
British quantum physicist (1935–2025)
trajectories were observed by means of weak measurements in a double-slit interferometer, and these trajectories displayed the qualitative features that had
Basil_Hiley
German physicist
O.; Mlynek, J. (27 May 1991). "Young's double-slit experiment with atoms: A simple atom interferometer". Physical Review Letters. 66 (21). American Physical
Jürgen_Mlynek
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