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Spectral line splitting in magnetic field
The Zeeman effect (Dutch: [ˈzeːmɑn]) is the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field. It is caused
Zeeman_effect
Dutch physicist (1865–1943)
of the Zeeman effect. Pieter Zeeman was born on 25 May 1865 in Zonnemaire, Netherlands, the son of the Reverend Catharinus Forandinus Zeeman, a minister
Pieter_Zeeman
Dutch physicist (1853–1928)
1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for their discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He derived the Lorentz transformation
Hendrik_Lorentz
Spectral line splitting in electrical field
an external electric field. It is the electric-field analogue of the Zeeman effect, where a spectral line is split into several components due to the presence
Stark_effect
Physical quantity of interest in chemistry and electrodynamics
The charge-to-mass ratio of an electron may also be measured with the Zeeman effect, which gives rise to energy splittings in the presence of a magnetic
Mass-to-charge_ratio
Energy level of a quantum system
{\displaystyle {\vec {m}}} of the atom with the applied field is known as the Zeeman effect. Taking into consideration the orbital and spin angular momenta, L {\displaystyle
Degenerate_energy_levels
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Zeeman or zeeman in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Zeeman may refer to: "Zeeman (Je Verlangen Is De Zee)", Dutch rendering of the 1960-61 German-language
Zeeman
Quantum mechanical property
structure (of order α 4 m c 2 {\displaystyle \alpha ^{4}mc^{2}} ) or the Zeeman effect in the presence of a large magnetic field Relativistic correction Spin-orbit
Orbital_motion_(quantum)
Different states of quantum systems
with an infinite principal quantum number, in effect so far away so as to have practically no more effect on the remaining atom (ion). For various types
Energy_level
Similar behavior of quantum systems to droplets bouncing on a fluid
including particle diffraction, quantum tunneling, quantized orbits, the Zeeman Effect, and the quantum corral. Besides being an interesting means to visualise
Hydrodynamic_quantum_analogs
Relativistic interaction in quantum physics
detectable as a splitting of spectral lines, which can be thought of as a Zeeman effect product of two effects: the apparent magnetic field seen from the electron
Spin–orbit_interaction
Investigative astrophysics technique
spectral lines formed in the stellar atmosphere (the Zeeman effect). The periodic modulation of Zeeman signatures during the stellar rotation is employed
Zeeman–Doppler_imaging
Potential energy of a magnetised body in an external magnetic field
Pieter Zeeman, primarily known for the Zeeman effect. In SI units, it is given by E Z e e m a n = − μ 0 ∫ V M ⋅ H E x t d V {\displaystyle E_{\rm {Zeeman}}=-\mu
Zeeman_energy
Type of spectroanalytical procedure
ISBN 978-1-78262-492-9. de Loos-Vollebregt, M. T. C.; de Galan, L. (1978). "Theory of Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry". Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy
Spectroscopy of quantized rotational states of gases
paramagnetic molecule is placed in a magnetic field, an instance of the Zeeman effect. Most species which can be observed in the gaseous state are diamagnetic
Rotational_spectroscopy
Technique for detecting quantum objects
Like electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), ODMR makes use of the Zeeman effect in unpaired electrons. The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centre
Optically detected magnetic resonance
Optically_detected_magnetic_resonance
Changes to light reflected from a magnetized surface
magneto-optic Kerr effect was discovered in 1877 by John Kerr. Faraday effect Fresnel equations John Kerr Thin-film optics Voigt Effect Zeeman Effect Shinagawa
Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect
Physics measurement techniques
presence of a magnetic field splits the atomic energy levels due to the Zeeman effect. This leads to broadening or splitting of spectral lines. Analyzing
Plasma_diagnostics
Quantum number parameterizing spin and angular momentum
number scheme failed to explain the Zeeman effect in weak magnetic field strengths, the anomalous Zeeman effect. In December 1924, Wolfgang Pauli showed
Spin_quantum_number
Details in the emission spectrum of an atom
magnetic fields are applied, the spin–orbit coupling contributes to the Zeeman effect. There is one last term in the non-relativistic expansion of the Dirac
Fine_structure
Number describing angular momentum along an axis
quantum numbers shift in energy in a magnetic field according to the Zeeman effect. The four quantum numbers conventionally used to describe the quantum
Magnetic_quantum_number
German physicist (1901–1976)
with a Habilitationsschrift (habilitation thesis) on the anomalous Zeeman effect. In his youth, he was a member and Scoutleader of the Neupfadfinder
Werner_Heisenberg
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
relativity and the then-new concept of electron spin, to explain the Zeeman effect. Drawing on the body of experimental evidence, Oppenheimer rejected
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
effect (celestial mechanics) Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect (celestial mechanics) Yule–Simpson effect (probability) (statistics) Zeeman
List_of_effects
physicist known for his 'Landé g-factor' and explanation of the anomalous Zeeman effect in atomic physics, used Duane's hypothesis as the basis for his alternative
Duane's_hypothesis
states which are degenerate at zero magnetic field are split due to the Zeeman effect. There is also the closely analogous zero-field Stark level crossings
Hanle_effect
Egyptian physicist (1898–1950)
On the Stark Effect for Strong Electric Fields (Phil. Mag. Vol. 44, p. 371) - (1922) On the Quantum Theory of Complex Zeeman Effect (Phil. Mag. Vol
Ali_Moustafa_Mosharafa
Surname list
discoverer of the Zeeman effect Reinier Nooms (aka "Zeeman"), (c.1623–1664), a Dutch painter, etcher and engraver Christopher Zeeman (1925–2016), mathematician
Zeeman_(surname)
German-American physicist
He is responsible for the Landé g-factor and an explanation of the Zeeman effect. Alfred Landé was born on 13 December 1888 in Elberfeld, Rhineland,
Alfred_Landé
Change in refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field
sub-millisecond photographs of nuclear explosions Optical heterodyne detection Zeeman effect Weinberger, P. (2008). "John Kerr and his Effects Found in 1877 and
Kerr_effect
Spectroscopic technique based on change of nuclear spin state
resolution, the details of which are described by chemical shifts, the Zeeman effect, and Knight shifts (in metals). The information provided by NMR can
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance
Magnetic field generated inside a star
of coronal loops. A star's magnetic field can be measured using the Zeeman effect. Normally the atoms in a star's atmosphere will absorb certain frequencies
Stellar_magnetic_field
English chemist and physicist (1791–1867)
Timeline of hydrogen technologies Timeline of low-temperature technology Zeeman effect – Spectral line splitting in magnetic field Rao, C.N.R. (2000). Understanding
Michael_Faraday
Public university in the Netherlands
academics of the university. In 1896, the Zeeman effect was discovered at the institution by Pieter Zeeman and shortly afterward explained by Hendrik
Leiden_University
Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry
era arose from attempts to understand the Zeeman effect. Like the Stern-Gerlach experiment, the Zeeman effect reflects the interaction of atoms with a
Quantum_number
Smallest unit of a chemical element
become split into three or more components; a phenomenon called the Zeeman effect. This is caused by the interaction of the magnetic field with the magnetic
Atom
Quantum mechanical spectroscopic effect
states of a quantum system. In the presence of a magnetic field, the Zeeman effect is well known to split degenerate states. In quantum mechanics terminology
Zero-field_splitting
Mode of arrangement of electrons in different shells of an atom
correctly describe the changes in atomic spectra in a magnetic field (the Zeeman effect). Bohr was well aware of this shortcoming (and others), and had written
Electron_configuration
Imaging by sections or sectioning using a penetrative wave
transmission tomography Ultrasound X-ray computed tomography X-ray CT, CAT scan 1971 X-ray microtomography X-ray microCT Zeeman-Doppler imaging Zeeman effect
Tomography
Predecessor to modern quantum mechanics (1900–1925)
of quantum degeneracy. The theory would have correctly explained the Zeeman effect, except for the issue of electron spin. Sommerfeld's model was much
Old_quantum_theory
Graphic of the solar magnetic field
magnetographs. These measurements are made by exploiting the Zeeman effect or, less frequently, the Hanle effect. The first magnetograph was constructed by George
Solar_magnetogram
Instrument for slowing and cooling a beam of hot atoms
In atomic physics, a Zeeman slower is a scientific instrument that is commonly used in atomic physics to slow and cool a beam of hot atoms to speeds of
Zeeman_slower
Phenomenon in spectroscopy
than the Doppler width. Mössbauer effect Motional narrowing Stark effect Zeeman effect R. H. Dicke (1953). "The Effect of Collisions upon the Doppler Width
Dicke_effect
Optical phenomenon
{\displaystyle \mathbf {H} } . Zeeman effect QMR effect Magneto-optic Kerr effect Faraday effect Voigt Effect Photoelectric effect Garcia-Merino, J. A. (2016)
Magneto-optic_effect
Italian physicist (1850–1920)
city, where he worked for the rest of his life on subjects such as the Zeeman effect, X-rays, magnetism and the results of Michelson's experiments. His most
Augusto_Righi
Elementary particle with negative charge
small molecules Spintronics Stern–Gerlach experiment Townsend discharge Zeeman effect Positron or antielectron is a antiparticle or antimatter counter part
Electron
All magnetic phenomena have analogous electric phenomena and vice versa
permanent magnets; The Faraday effect is the dual of the Kerr effect; The Zeeman effect is the dual of the Stark effect; The hypothetical magnetic monopole
Duality (electricity and magnetism)
Duality_(electricity_and_magnetism)
Yule–Simpson effect (a.k.a. Simpson's paradox) – Edward H. Simpson and Udny Yule Zeeman effect – Pieter Zeeman Zeigarnik effect – Bluma Zeigarnik Zener effect –
Scientific phenomena named after people
Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people
Antiparticle of the electron
relativity, and the then-new concept of electron spin to explain the Zeeman effect. The paper did not explicitly predict a new particle but did allow for
Positron
Observable events that result from the interaction of light and matter
Thomson scattering Total internal reflection Twisted light Umov effect Zeeman effect, the splitting of a spectral line into multiple components in the
Optical_phenomenon
Phenomenon in atomic physics
tuned in an experiment by using an external magnetic field (via the Zeeman effect) or a laser. This means that the energetic spacing between the kinetic
Feshbach_resonance
Quantum mechanics principle
the same time he was trying to explain experimental results of the Zeeman effect in atomic spectroscopy and in ferromagnetism. He found an essential
Pauli_exclusion_principle
Unit of magnetic moment
moment Bohr radius Nuclear magneton Parson magneton Physical constant Zeeman effect "2022 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants
Bohr_magneton
2307/27757389. ISSN 0073-2672. JSTOR 27757389. Hentschel, Klaus (2009). "Zeeman Effect". In Greenberger, Daniel; Hentschel, Klaus; Weinert, Friedel (eds.)
History_of_atomic_theory
Unit of information in a quantum computer
addressable transitions between Zeeman sublevels (see also Zeeman Effect), achieved by combining a large linear Zeeman shift with a state-dependent light
Qudit
Russian-American physicist (1883–1966)
In 1922, he published 3 papers, on the explanations of the Stark effect, Zeeman effect and magnetic dipoles using Bohr's quantum theory. As well as quantum
Paul_Sophus_Epstein
German-American physicist (1901–1997)
Fields Physics, philosophy Institutions Yale University Theses On the Zeeman-effect in the cerium spectrum between 3000 and 5000 Å (1926) Dependence of
Henry_Margenau
is changed due to the Zeeman effect. When the spectral lines are absorption lines, the effect is called inverse Zeeman effect. Helium was first liquefied
List_of_Dutch_discoveries
German physicist (1865–1947)
Paschen-Back effect, which is the Zeeman effect's becoming non-linear at high magnetic field. He helped explain the hollow cathode effect in 1916. Paschen
Friedrich_Paschen
Extension of the Bohr model
of quantum degeneracy. The theory would have correctly explained the Zeeman effect, except for the issue of electron spin. Sommerfeld's model was much
Bohr–Sommerfeld_model
Form of spectroscopy based on the Stark effect
splits the atomic energy levels and is the electric field analog of the Zeeman effect. However, in the latter case, the applied electric field changes the
Stark_spectroscopy
Physics developed since 1900
experiment Photoelectric effect Discovery of radioactivity Oil drop experiment Stern–Gerlach experiment Stark effect Zeeman effect Physics portal History
Modern_physics
Ratio of magnetic moment and angular momentum
moments are present in a single problem, for example in high resolution Zeeman effect studies of molecules. The negative-means-antiparallel convention has
G-factor_(physics)
German physicist and mathematician (1824–1887)
the splitting of the spectral lines in a magnetic field known as the Zeeman Effect by the oscillation of electrons. These discrete spectral lines were
Gustav_Kirchhoff
defines the relationship between mechanical stress and strain. Zeeman effect The effect of splitting a spectral line into several components in the presence
Glossary_of_physics
Relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation
existing formulas. Except for his followup paper deriving the Zeeman effect and Paschen–Back effect from the equation in the presences of a magnetic fields
Dirac_equation
Röntgen: X-rays 1896 – Henri Becquerel: Radioactivity 1896 – Pieter Zeeman: Zeeman effect 1897 – J. J. Thomson: Electron discovered 1900 – Max Planck: Formula
Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries
Timeline_of_fundamental_physics_discoveries
Chemistry subfield
how external magnetic fields can prevent radical-pair recombination with Zeeman interactions, the interaction between spin and an external magnetic field
Spin_chemistry
Indian space scientist (1929-2011)
interferometry to polarised brightness distributions and an early study of the Zeeman Effect in the 21 cm line emitted by a hydrogen atom. His measurements of polarisation
Venkatraman_Radhakrishnan
Effect in quantum electrodynamics
potential, first approximation to the Lamb shift Shelter Island Conference Zeeman effect used to measure the Lamb shift Houston, W. V.; Hsieh, Y. M. (1934-02-15)
Lamb_shift
American nuclear physicist (1905–2004)
1930 doctoral thesis under the supervision of Samuel Goudsmit on the Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure of atomic levels. After graduate work at
Robert_Bacher
Apparatus for trapping and cooling neutral atoms
J} is the magnitude of the total angular momentum vector. Due to the Zeeman effect, the J ≠ 0 {\displaystyle J\neq 0} states will each be split into 2
Magneto-optical_trap
American astronomer
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD 1953) Scientific career Thesis Zeeman effect in rotational spectra of [omega] molecules (1953) Doctoral advisors
Bernard_F._Burke
Methods of mathematical approximation
comprehend. This resulted in an explosion of applications, ranging from the Zeeman effect to the hyperfine splitting in the hydrogen atom. Despite the simpler
Perturbation_theory
Relation satisfied by conjugate variables in quantum mechanics
inequivalence of these two formulations shows up in the Zeeman effect and the Aharonov–Bohm effect. All such nontrivial commutation relations for pairs of
Canonical commutation relation
Canonical_commutation_relation
American astronomer (born 1937)
the measurement of the interstellar magnetic field using the 21-cm Zeeman effect technique." A thing which, according to Virginia Trimble, for the first
Gerrit_Verschuur
Spin of an electron
arrangement of electrons in the periodic table. In order to explain the Zeeman effect in the Bohr atom, Sommerfeld proposed that electrons would be based
Electron_magnetic_moment
Intrinsic quantum property of particles
to atomic spectra observed in strong magnetic fields, known as the Zeeman effect. In 1924, Wolfgang Pauli used this large collection of empirical observations
Spin_(physics)
Spectral line of hydrogen state transition in UHF radio frequencies
field strength of interstellar space can be measured by observing the Zeeman effect on the 21-cm line; a task that was first accomplished by G. L. Verschuur
Hydrogen_line
Solid-state electronics based on electron spin
down. Methods include putting a material in a large magnetic field (Zeeman effect), the exchange energy present in a ferromagnet or forcing the system
Spintronics
producing inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Fine electronic structure Stark effect Zeeman effect Electron electric dipole moment E. I. Rashba, Cyclotron and combined
Electric dipole spin resonance
Electric_dipole_spin_resonance
Chemical element with atomic number 48 (Cd)
coal fly ash using the stabilised temperature platform furnace and Zeeman-effect background correction". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 3
Cadmium
Study of magnetic properties of chemical compounds
Zeeman splitting occurs. Atoms with spins aligned to the field slightly outnumber the atoms with non-aligned spins. In the first-order Zeeman effect the
Magnetochemistry
Irish physicist (1860–1900)
remain associated with his name. In 1897 he discovered the Anomalous Zeeman Effect, a phenomenon noted when the spectral lines of elements were studied
Thomas_Preston_(scientist)
Quantum mechanical equation of motion of charged particles in magnetic field
{\textstyle {\boldsymbol {\mu }}} and a magnetic field, like in the Zeeman effect. For an electron of charge − e {\textstyle -e} in an isotropic constant
Pauli_equation
Star system in the constellation Cassiopeia
disordered magnetic field. No field can be measured directly from the Zeeman effect because of the star's rotation-broadened spectral lines. Instead, the
Gamma_Cassiopeiae
Adages and sayings named after a person
Those programs which cannot expand are replaced by ones which can. Zeeman effect: Splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence
List_of_eponymous_laws
Atomic model introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913
and subtle effects, as well as complications from electron spin. The Zeeman effect – changes in spectral lines due to external magnetic fields; these are
Bohr_model
Natural source of microwave radiation emission
linear fashion. This polarisation is due to some combination of the Zeeman effect, magnetic beaming of the maser radiation, and anisotropic pumping which
Astrophysical_maser
Acoustic non-reciprocal three-port device
an acoustic Y-circulator by exploiting the acoustic analogue of the Zeeman effect: the structure is composed of a ring cavity with a circulating fluid
Acoustic_circulator
Elementary particles with a spin of 1/2
interactions that depend on the spin. One such effect that was important in the discovery of spin is the Zeeman effect—the splitting of a spectral line into several
Spin_1/2
Proposed quantum computer implementation
field, decoherence can occur in the form of the equation below (see Zeeman effect). This effectively changes the relative phase of the quantum state.
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Variation in resonant frequency of identical atomic nuclei in a magnetic field
(NMR) Solid-state NMR TRISPHAT, a chiral shift reagent for cations Zeeman effect Silverstein; Bassler; Morrill (1981). Spectrometric Identification of
Chemical_shift
splitting of degenerate energy levels into multiplets, as in the Stark or Zeeman effect. The induced representation is a related operation that forms a representation
Restricted_representation
Medical imaging technique
direction of the field. Protons align in two energy eigenstates (the Zeeman effect): one low-energy and one high-energy, which are separated by a very
Physics of magnetic resonance imaging
Physics_of_magnetic_resonance_imaging
Optical device with parallel mirrors
etalon can be used to make a spectrometer capable of observing the Zeeman effect, where the spectral lines are far too close together to distinguish
Fabry–Pérot_interferometer
Defunct theory of electromagnetism
faster than the speed of light. Lorentz theoretically explained the Zeeman effect on the basis of his theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in
Lorentz_ether_theory
Soviet physicist, physical chemist and cosmologist (1914–1987)
Kerr black holes would split the emission lines of photons as in a Zeeman effect. During Stephen Hawking's visit to Moscow in 1973, Soviet scientists
Yakov_Zeldovich
Plasma outside of the Solar System
phenomena. These phenomena are sometimes observed in spectra due to the Zeeman effect. Other forms of astrophysical plasmas can be influenced by preexisting
Astrophysical_plasma
State of a system in quantum mechanics
under the influence of a strong magnetic field, in an effect known as the anomalous Zeeman effect. Such spectral lines were observed not only in the laboratory
Doublet_state
ZEEMAN EFFECT
ZEEMAN EFFECT
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Plane; Vayu Yaan
Boy/Male
Teutonic American German
warrior.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
One with Glory and Pride
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, FREEMAN means "freeman."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name or nickname Lefman (see Lemon).Perhaps also an Americanized spelling of German Lehmann.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
A Freeman
Boy/Male
Hindu
Brightness, Whiteness, Drought
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : variant of Leeman.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Seaman.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Seemann.Americanized spelling of German Seemann.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Beaumont.English : occupational name for a beekeeper, from Middle English be ‘bee’ + man ‘man’.Americanized spelling of German Biemann, which is probably a reduced form of Bineman or Bileman, habitational names from Bien near Lingen and Biela or Bielau.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hayman.Dutch : variant of Hey 2.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Heiman.Respelling of German Heymann.
Surname or Lastname
Slovenian
Slovenian : probably from a medieval form of the personal name Herman, from German Hermann.English : variant spelling of German.
Boy/Male
Dutch
Sea man.
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord of Gold
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : status name for a feudal tenant or vassal, leenman. Compare Lehmann 1.English : variant of Leaman.
Male
Russian
(Герман) Russian form of Roman Latin Germanus, GERMAN means "from Germany."
Boy/Male
French
German.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Cianán, KEENAN means "little ancient one."
Male
English
 English name derived from Latin Hermanus, HERMAN means "army man." Compare with another form of Herman.
Boy/Male
British, English, Hindu, Indian
Beekeeper
ZEEMAN EFFECT
ZEEMAN EFFECT
Male
Scottish
Variant spelling of Scottish Gaelic Caointean, CAOIDHEAN means "fifth."
Girl/Female
German Teutonic Hebrew
noble.
Boy/Male
Hindi Muslim
Beloved.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Indian, Tamil
Little Gem
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Dew
Boy/Male
Hindu
Engrossed, Absorbed, Immersed
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French
Cheerful; Derived from Lacey which is a French Nobleman's Surname Brought to British Isles After Norman Conquest
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mounitha | மோஉஂநீதா
Girl/Female
Irish
The feminine of the name Aidan meaning “little fire.â€
Girl/Female
English
Honey. Abbreviation of Melissa; Lissandra; Alyssa.
ZEEMAN EFFECT
ZEEMAN EFFECT
ZEEMAN EFFECT
ZEEMAN EFFECT
ZEEMAN EFFECT
n.
German-silver plate. See German silver, under German.
pl.
of Penman
n.
The German language.
n.
The desman.
pl.
of Merman
pl.
of Seaman
pl.
of Leetman
pl.
of Yeoman
adj.
German.
pl.
of Iceman
pl.
of Pieman
n.
A leman.
n.
A yeoman.
pl.
of Keelman
n.
A Cossack headman or general. The title of chief hetman is now held by the heir to the throne of Russia.
n.
A merman; the male of the mermaid.
n.
A social party at which the german is danced.
pl.
of Hetman
n.
A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry.
pl.
of Seaman