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Quantity in quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics (and computation), a weak value is a quantity related to a shift of a measuring device's pointer when usually there is pre- and postselection
Weak_value
Measurement of a quantum system which minimally disturbs it
distinct but related concept of the weak value. Weak measurements were first thought about in the context of weak continuous measurements of quantum systems
Weak_measurement
Phenomena in quantum physics
} there is no correction to the intensity measured (in the weak limit). These 4 weak values lead to the quantum Cheshire cat conclusion. The proposal of
Quantum_Cheshire_cat
Interaction between subatomic particles
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with
Weak_interaction
Mathematical concept
X. If the field K {\displaystyle \mathbb {K} } has an absolute value |⋅|, then the weak topology 𝜎(X, Y, b) on X is induced by the family of seminorms
Weak_topology
In mathematics—specifically, in functional analysis—a weakly measurable function taking values in a Banach space is a function whose composition with any
Weakly_measurable_function
Measure of the tendency of an acid to dissociate
a weak acid. The strength of a weak acid is quantified by its acid dissociation constant, K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} value. The strength of a weak organic
Acid_strength
Abelian charge found in electroweak theory
expectation value is nonzero, particles interact with this field all the time even in vacuum. This changes their weak hypercharge (and weak isospin T3)
Weak_hypercharge
Personal value, basis for ethical action
In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of something or an action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to
Value_(ethics)
Averages of repeated trials converge to the expected value
identically distributed random variables, it suffices that the expected value exists for the weak law of large numbers to be true. These further studies have given
Law_of_large_numbers
Quantum number related to the weak interaction
particle physics, weak isospin is a quantum number relating to the electrically charged part of the weak interaction. Particles with nonzero weak isospin can
Weak_isospin
Average value of a random variable
deviations of the expected value. However, in special cases the Markov and Chebyshev inequalities often give much weaker information than is otherwise
Expected_value
A type of item in a relational database, in computing
In a relational database, a weak entity is an entity that cannot be uniquely identified by its attributes alone; therefore, it must use a foreign key in
Weak_entity
Type of weak interaction in nuclear and atomic physics
so that the predicted weak charge for 133Cs (55 protons, 78 neutrons) is 55×(+0.0719) + 78×(−0.989) = −73.19, while the value determined experimentally
Weak_charge
Schools of thought in environmental economics
weak sustainability, replacing a natural forest with a park or agricultural land can be considered sustainable if the recreational or economic value equal
Weak and strong sustainability
Weak_and_strong_sustainability
Angle characterizing electroweak symmetry breaking
in which a value of sin2 θw = 0.2397±0.0013 was obtained at ∆q = 0.16 GeV/c, establishing experimentally the so-called 'running' of the weak mixing angle
Weinberg_angle
Generalisation of the derivative of a function
In mathematics, a weak derivative is a generalization of the concept of the derivative of a function (strong derivative) for functions not assumed differentiable
Weak_derivative
Israeli physicist (born 1932)
1988, Aharonov, David Albert, and Lev Vaidman published their theory of weak values. This work was motivated by Aharonov's long-time quest to experimentally
Yakir_Aharonov
Memory management feature of the Clang compiler
are declared weak or unowned. Swift requires explicit handling of nil with the Optional type: a value type that can either have a value or be nil. An
Automatic_Reference_Counting
In programming, a reference which does not protect its object from garbage collection
instead simply using a weak array or other container whose keys or values are weak references. Garbage collection is used to clean up unused objects and
Weak_reference
Form of artificial intelligence
Weak artificial intelligence (weak AI) is artificial intelligence that implements a limited part of the mind, or, as narrow AI, artificial narrow intelligence
Weak_artificial_intelligence
Mathematical ranking of a set
weak ordering is a mathematical formalization of the intuitive notion of a ranking of a set, some of whose members may be tied with each other. Weak orders
Weak_ordering
Image edge detection algorithm
the high threshold value and larger than the low threshold value, it is marked as a weak edge pixel. If an edge pixel's gradient value is smaller than the
Canny_edge_detector
Russian-Israeli physicist
includes quantum teleportation, the Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester, and the weak values. He was a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of The American Journal
Lev_Vaidman
Concept in quantum mechanics
Paradox: Counterfactual Statements, Real Measurements, Entanglement and Weak Values, p. 1, says, "For example, according to Heisenberg’s uncertainty relations
Counterfactual_definiteness
Base that does not associate completely with hydrogen ions
Given its greater H+ concentration, the formula yields a lower pH value for the weak base. However, pH of bases is usually calculated in terms of the OH−
Weak_base
Data structure for priority queues
tree. In a weak max-heap, the maximum value can be found (in constant time) as the value associated with the root node; similarly, in a weak min-heap,
Weak_heap
Concept in game theory
In cooperative game theory, the Shapley value is a method (solution concept) for fairly distributing the total gains or costs among a group of players
Shapley_value
not need the value of goods to be additive and only require weak additivity. In particular the adjusted winner procedure only requires weak additivity.
Weakly_additive
This is consistent with value-pluralism. While weak commensurability is a form of strong comparability, it is distinct from weak comparability, where the
Commensurability_(economics)
Measure of the level of acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
concentrations of hydrogen (H+) cations) are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions. While the origin of the symbol 'pH' can
PH
Hardware description language
of 'wire' consists of both signal values (4-state: "1, 0, floating, undefined") and signal strengths (strong, weak, etc.). This system allows abstract
Verilog
Form of computer memory management
which have only weak keys (value references are ordinary, strong references) or only weak values (key references are strong). Weak hash tables are important
Tracing_garbage_collection
Central theme of Friedrich Nietzsche's works
of values develops out of the ressentiment the weak feel toward the powerful. For Nietzsche, a morality is inseparable from the culture that values it
Master–slave_morality
Matrix decomposition
Erhard Schmidt defined an analog of singular values for integral operators (which are compact, under some weak technical assumptions); it seems he was unaware
Singular_value_decomposition
Bosons that mediate the weak interaction
together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary particles mediate the weak interaction; the respective
W_and_Z_bosons
Family of views prioritizing pleasure
pleasure is the sole source of intrinsic value. It asserts that other things, like knowledge and money, only have value insofar as they produce pleasure and
Hedonism
Ability of a company or product to retain its customers over some specified period
expectations. Creating customer loyalty puts 'customer value rather than maximizing profits and shareholder value at the center of business strategy'. The key differentiation
Customer_retention
Type of operator expectation value
the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of an operator is its average or expectation value in the vacuum. The vacuum expectation value of an operator O is usually
Vacuum_expectation_value
Technique in functional programming
used to share values that are structurally equal. When a value is constructed, such as a cons cell, the technique checks if such a value has been constructed
Hash_consing
Dimensionless number that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction
of particle physics, whose value is not determined within the Standard Model. In the electroweak theory unifying the weak interaction with electromagnetism
Fine-structure_constant
Doubt about God's existence
contrast between weak and strong agnosticism is sometimes framed as a claim about what is reasonable to believe. In this sense, weak agnosticism holds
Agnosticism
Indian Physicist
Dutta Gupta, Subhasish; Ghosh, Nirmalya (2019). "Experimental probe of weak value amplification and geometric phase through the complex zeros of the response
Nirmalya_Ghosh
IEEE standard that defines logic values used in electronic design
weak drives to permit wired-AND and wired-OR logic. 'U' for default value for all object declarations so that during simulations uninitialized values
IEEE_1164
Multithreading computing anomaly
synchronization, when a location is read twice, has the same value for both reads, and the read value being the same twice is used to conclude that nothing has
ABA_problem
Paradigm in machine learning
Weak supervision (also known as semi-supervised learning) is a paradigm in machine learning, the relevance and notability of which increased with the advent
Weak_supervision
Optical phenomenon
Bibcode:2006ApPhL..89z1108Y. doi:10.1063/1.2424277. Parks, A. D. (2015). "Weak value amplification of an off-resonance Goos–Hänchen shift in a Kretschmann–Raether
Goos–Hänchen_effect
Unified description of electromagnetism and the weak interaction
interactions of nature: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction), and the weak interaction. Although these two forces appear very different at everyday
Electroweak_interaction
French researcher (born 1957)
positive bubble score and a strong value score; Quadrant 2: Stocks with a strong positive bubble score and a weak value score; Quadrant 3: Stocks with a
Didier_Sornette
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying
Standard_Model
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
that form a complex doublet of the weak isospin SU(2) symmetry. Its "sombrero potential" leads it to take a nonzero value everywhere (including otherwise
Higgs_boson
Extent to which a programming language discourages type errors
safety usually involves (among other things) a guarantee that the eventual value of any expression will be a legitimate member of that expression's static
Type_safety
weak references and an ephemerons is the way the garbage collector treats them. For weak references, the garbage collector always follows the value in
Ephemeron
Weak latch circuit that holds the last value on a tri-state bus
A bus-holder or bus-keeper is a weak latch circuit that holds the last value on a tri-state bus. The circuit is basically a delay element with the output
Bus-holder
Description of quantum mechanics in which the present depends on both the past and future
Yakir Aharonov, David Albert and Lev Vaidman developed the theory of weak values. In TSVF, causality is time-symmetric; that is, the usual chain of causality
Two-state_vector_formalism
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
values of the fundamental constants of physics] would preclude the existence of man to consider the problem." According to Brandon Carter, the weak anthropic
Anthropic_principle
Aqueous solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base
equilibrium between the weak acid HA and its conjugate base A−: HA ⇌ H+ + A− When some strong acid is added to an equilibrium mixture of the weak acid and its conjugate
Buffer_solution
Theorem in complex analysis
^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial y^{2}}}=0.} The weak maximum principle, in this setting, says that for any open bounded subset
Maximum_principle
BBC Radio 4 situation comedy
Smoked Meat Knowing Your Unions Trout Farm Conference Booty Values Otters Browning, Guy (2001). Weak at the Top: The Uncensored Diary of the Last Cavemanager
Weak_at_the_Top
analysis of poetic meter, weak position is either of two things: In classical Greek and Latin scholarship, a short vowel is in "weak position" if the surrounding
Weak_position_(poetry)
Chemical compound giving a proton or accepting an electron pair
sense) that are solids, liquids, or gases. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as carboranes and boric
Acid
Investment technique
they were strong and less weight if they were weak. Michael E. Edleson and Paul S. Marshall argue that value averaging can provide for an increased rate
Value_averaging
Special semigroup of positive rational numbers
or the "3x + 1 problem". The 3x + 1 semigroup has been used to prove a weaker form of the Collatz conjecture. In fact, it was in such context the concept
3x_+_1_semigroup
Problem in combinatorial optimization
and a value, determine which items to include in the collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as
Knapsack_problem
Method of software testing
(the value of 'c') must propagate to the program's output and be checked by the test. These conditions are collectively called the RIP model. Weak mutation
Mutation_testing
Reliable and stable globally-traded currency
risky assets conditional on movements in global risk aversion. Conversely, a weak or soft currency is one which is expected to fluctuate erratically or depreciate
Hard_currency
Even integers as sums of two primes
even if Helfgott's proof is correct. For small values of n, the Goldbach conjecture (and hence the weak Goldbach conjecture) can be verified directly.
Goldbach's_conjecture
Type of radioactive decay
energetically possible, the energy release or Q value must be positive. Beta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively
Beta_decay
Consistency model used in distributed computing to achieve high availability
programming, where variables reliably return their assigned values immediately. With weak consistency guarantees, developers must carefully consider these
Eventual_consistency
Number taken as representative of a list of numbers
truncated mean, and winsorized mean, are only weakly monotone, and may remain the same after some of the values are increased. Exceptions to this may include
Average
Measure of an acid's strength in solution
the species at equilibrium. For example, a hypothetical weak acid having Ka = 10−5, the value of log Ka is the exponent (−5), giving pKa = 5. For acetic
Acid_dissociation_constant
UK goods and services tax policy
with weak economies. At the same time, as a consumption tax, VAT is considered to be more growth-friendly than income- or profit-taxation. Value-added
Value-added tax in the United Kingdom
Value-added_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom
1995 essay by Umberto Eco
rhetorically cast their enemies as "at the same time too strong and too weak." On the one hand, fascists play up the power of certain disfavored elites
Ur-Fascism
Mathematical concept
guaranteed to imply weak convergence. Despite having the same name as weak convergence in the context of functional analysis, weak convergence of measures
Convergence_of_measures
Concept in complexity theory
be solved by a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm unless P = NP. The strong/weak kinds of NP-hardness are defined analogously. Consider solving the problem
Pseudo-polynomial_time
System including an indeterminate value
a weak form of Kleene's three-valued logic. Ternary Post logic, a particular instance of the more general family of Post logics, is a three-valued logic
Three-valued_logic
Quantum mechanics thought experiment
interact without annihilating each other. Experiments using the technique of weak measurement have studied an interaction of polarized photons, and these have
Hardy's_paradox
Quality measure in cluster analysis
width of over 0.7 is considered to be "strong", a value over 0.5 "reasonable", and over 0.25 "weak". However, with an increasing dimensionality of the
Silhouette_(clustering)
American businessman
Dreman (born 1936) is an investor, who founded and is chairman of Dreman Value Management, an investment company. Dreman has published many scholarly articles
David_Dreman
Chemical compound
proton-accepting ability of the species present in solution. Hydrogen fluoride, a weak acid in aqueous solution that is normally not thought to have any appreciable
Fluoroantimonic_acid
Regularization method for artificial neural networks
decreases weights towards zero. Dilution is usually split in weak dilution and strong dilution. Weak dilution describes the process in which the finite fraction
Dropout_(neural_networks)
Mathematics of a particle physics model
transforms, in the order (SU(3), SU(2), U(1)) and for the U(1) group, the value of the weak hypercharge is listed. There are twice as many left-handed lepton
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model
Lowest perceivable odor concentration
water to be supplied for domestic use in Illinois is 3 TON. The threshold value is the concentration at which an aroma or taste can be detected (air, water
Odor_detection_threshold
Gravitational deflection of light
In astronomy, weak gravitational lensing is a technique to map the mass distribution of astronomical objects. As predicted by general relativity, the presence
Weak_gravitational_lensing
Milligrams of a base required to saponify 1g of fat
Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN) represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required
Saponification_value
Branch of mathematics concerning probability
probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure taking values between 0 and 1, termed the probability measure, to a set of outcomes called
Probability_theory
Range of possible values for any characteristic of human beings
structure. Race and sex have a strong value difference, while handedness has a much weaker value difference. The values given to different traits among human
Human_variability
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
output result (hash value) for a random input string ("message") is 2 − n {\displaystyle 2^{-n}} (as for any good hash), so the hash value can be used as a
Cryptographic_hash_function
Propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values
two-valued logic. Another logic is Dmitry Bochvar's internal three-valued logic B 3 I {\displaystyle B_{3}^{I}} , also called Kleene's weak three-valued logic
Many-valued_logic
Economic bubble
market, much weaker values would be plainly revealed. Schiff added, "This would force other hedge funds to similarly mark down the value of their holdings
2000s United States housing bubble
2000s_United_States_housing_bubble
Gap between two individuals who have complementary sources to information
is somewhat close to the strength of weak ties theory, famously developed by Mark Granovetter. According to weak ties argument, the stronger the tie between
Structural_holes
Machine learning technique
traditional boosting. It gives a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, i.e., models that make very few assumptions about the
Gradient_boosting
Computational method in group theory
the character is evaluated to produce the character value. The partitions are represented as weakly decreasing tuples; for example, two of the partitions
Murnaghan–Nakayama_rule
Chemical added to show pH of a solution
considered acidic and solutions with pH value above 7.0 are basic. Since most naturally occurring organic compounds are weak electrolytes, such as carboxylic
PH_indicator
Adaptive boosting based classification algorithm
multiple classes or bounded intervals of real values. AdaBoost is adaptive in the sense that subsequent weak learners (models) are adjusted in favor of instances
AdaBoost
Concept in computer science
agree on the same value. Variations on the definition of integrity may be appropriate, according to the application. For example, a weaker[further explanation
Consensus_(computer_science)
Mathematical concept
In mathematics, a weak trace class operator is a compact operator on a separable Hilbert space H with singular values the same order as the harmonic sequence
Weak_trace-class_operator
Term in electrical engineering
reserves. A weak grid (with SCR values between 2.0 and 3.0) can exhibit voltage instability and control problems. A grid with SCR below 2.0 is very weak. Grid
Short circuit ratio (electrical grid)
Short_circuit_ratio_(electrical_grid)
Type of cryptographic security
cryptographic protocols. It is a stronger notion of security than syntactic (or weak) secrecy. Strong secrecy is related with the concept of semantic security
Strong_secrecy
Boundary condition for generalized functions
differential equations with prescribed boundary conditions (boundary value problems), where weak solutions may not be regular enough to satisfy the boundary conditions
Trace_operator
WEAK VALUE
WEAK VALUE
Biblical
weak; slacked
Boy/Male
Biblical
Weak, slacked.
Boy/Male
Spanish
Weak.
Boy/Male
Arabic
One who has Weak Eyes
Boy/Male
Tamil
Peak
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Peak
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone living by a pointed hill (or regional name from the Peak District (Old English Pēaclond) in Derbyshire), named with Old English pēac ‘peak’, ‘pointed hill’ (found only in place names). This word is not directly related to Old English pīc ‘point’, ‘pointed hill’, which yielded Pike; there is, however, some evidence of confusion between the two surnames.Possibly also Irish : reduced form of McPeak.Major concentrations of the surname Peak are found in Staffordshire and the West Country of England. Among the earliest known bearers are Richard del Pech or del Pek (d. 1196), son of Rannulf, sheriff of Nottingham, and Willielmus Piec (Winchester 1194). A century later, c.1284, a certain Richard del Peke settled in Denbighshire (now part of Clwyd), Wales, receiving lands from Henry de Lacey, earl of Lincoln, in return for helping to control the region. His descendants, who bear the name Peak(e), can be traced to the present day, and are found in New Zealand and Canada as well as in Britain. Peake is also the name of a family descended from John Pyke, who paid rent to the abbot of Leicester in 1477. The name took various forms, such as Peke and Pick, eventually becoming established as Peak in the 17th century.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Peak
Boy/Male
Australian, Hindu, Indian
Peak
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Wick, specifically a habitational name from any of various places called Week or Weeke, notably in Cornwall, Hampshire, and Somerset.Americanized spelling of Norwegian or Swedish Vik.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Week
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumbria)
English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived by the Wear river in northern England. The river name is ancient, occuring in the form Vedra in Ptolemy’s Geographia; it is probably a Celtic word meaning ‘water’.English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived near a dam or weir, a variant spelling of Ware 1, or a habitational name from a place called Weare, in Devon and Somerset, from Old English wær, wer ‘weir’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Weak
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, German, Hebrew
Hair; Lovelorn; Delicate; Weak
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Peak
Girl/Female
Indian
Peak
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Weak
Girl/Female
Tamil
Peak
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Leake.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Week.
WEAK VALUE
WEAK VALUE
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Kindness; Obligation; Friendship
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu, Traditional
Pollen Grains; Sweet Smell
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Protector of the Invincible
Girl/Female
Indian
Fog, Honey dow
Male
Gaelic
Early Gaelic form of Irish Diarmaid, DIARMUID means "without envy."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Grahya | கà¯à®°à®¾à®¹à¯à®¯
Boy/Male
Hindu
Well disposed, Gracious, Auspicious
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Buy
Boy/Male
Hindu
Name of Chanakya, Strategic, Shrewd, Acute
Boy/Male
Indian
Red
WEAK VALUE
WEAK VALUE
WEAK VALUE
WEAK VALUE
WEAK VALUE
v. i.
Wanting in point or vigor of expression; as, a weak sentence; a weak style.
v. i.
Not having power to convince; not supported by force of reason or truth; unsustained; as, a weak argument or case.
v. i.
Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a weak timber; a weak rope.
n.
The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc.
a.
Having weak knees; hence, easily yielding; wanting resolution.
a.
To make or become weak; to weaken.
v. i.
Tending towards lower prices; as, a weak market.
v. i.
Not able to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.; easily impressed, moved, or overcome; accessible; vulnerable; as, weak resolutions; weak virtue.
v. i.
Not stiff; pliant; frail; soft; as, the weak stalk of a plant.
a.
Having a weak mind, either naturally or by reason of disease; feebleminded; foolish; idiotic.
v. t.
To cause or make by friction or wasting; as, to wear a channel; to wear a hole.
v. i.
Not able to resist external force or onset; easily subdued or overcome; as, a weak barrier; as, a weak fortress.
v.
A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape; as, a leak in a roof; a leak in a boat; a leak in a gas pipe.
v. i.
Wanting in power to influence or bind; as, weak ties; a weak sense of honor of duty.
v. i.
Lacking ability for an appropriate function or office; as, weak eyes; a weak stomach; a weak magistrate; a weak regiment, or army.
v. i.
Feeble of mind; wanting discernment; lacking vigor; spiritless; as, a weak king or magistrate.
v. i.
Not thoroughly or abundantly impregnated with the usual or required ingredients, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; of less than the usual strength; as, weak tea, broth, or liquor; a weak decoction or solution; a weak dose of medicine.
v. i.
To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.
v. i.
Not firmly united or adhesive; easily broken or separated into pieces; not compact; as, a weak ship.
v. i.
Lacking in elements of political strength; not wielding or having authority or energy; deficient in the resources that are essential to a ruler or nation; as, a weak monarch; a weak government or state.