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Road design that restricts the passage of certain types of vehicle
A modal filter, sometimes referred to as a point closure, is a road design that restricts the passage of certain types of vehicle in road transport. Modal
Modal_filter
Urban planning concept
prohibiting unrelated through traffic. There were already at least 25,000 modal filters across the UK before 2020, and low traffic neighbourhoods have been
Low_traffic_neighbourhood
Road design measures that raise the safety of pedestrians and motorists
traffic into close proximity, which requires more careful driving. Modal filters to prevent vehicle traffic into a residential area. Converting an intersection
Traffic_calming
Freedom of movement of traffic
the set. Low Traffic Neighbourhood using planters as a modal filter in Kingston, UK Modal filter on Finsbury Park Road in Hackney, UK, allowing cyclists
Permeability (spatial and transport planning)
Permeability_(spatial_and_transport_planning)
perpendicular to the path of travel. Circulation plans for cities can introduce modal filters, one-way streets and pedestrian areas. In Ghent, Belgium, in different
Circulation_plan
Cellulose-based semi-synthetic fiber
a soft, silky feel. They are sometimes identified by the trade name Modal. Modal is used alone or with other fibers (often cotton or spandex) in clothing
Rayon
Funding has also been provided for Low Traffic Neighbourhoods, which have filtered roads to prevent through traffic through residential areas, having a knock
List of cycle routes in London
List_of_cycle_routes_in_London
Motor traffic short-cutting thru residential areas
residential areas, using a combination of filtered permeability (for example, using barriers, planters or other modal filters) and traffic calming measures. Look
Rat_running
Parish in southeastern Jersey
paths have opened in the parish, such as near Le Rocquier School, and a modal filter was introduced on Rue de Maupertuis. St Clement has two primary schools
St_Clement,_Jersey
Process of creating phonetic sounds
does not have modal voice in its stops, but contrasts two other points along the phonation scale, with more moderate departures from modal voice, called
Phonation
Represents speech as a combination of sound and linear filter
The source–filter model represents speech as a combination of a sound source, such as the vocal cords, and a linear acoustic filter, the vocal tract. While
Source–filter_model
Formal semantics for non-classical logic systems
early 1960s by Saul Kripke and André Joyal. It was first conceived for modal logics, and later adapted to intuitionistic logic and other non-classical
Kripke_semantics
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
Fundamental frequency Glottis Pitch Pitch accent Source–filter model Tone Voicelessness Phonation types Modal Creaky Breathy Perception Acoustic cues Aphasia
Prosody_(linguistics)
Study of how humans produce and perceive sounds
communicative modality of a language describes the method by which its production and perception occurs. Languages using oral-aural modalities such as English
Phonetics
User interface method to search for text
is a user interface interaction method to progressively search for and filter through text. As the user types text, one or more possible matches for the
Incremental_search
Hypotheses of second-language acquisition
the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. The input hypothesis was first published in 1977. The hypotheses
Input_hypothesis
Synthesizer
MicroFreak Filter Sweeps A demonstration of the MicroFreak's filter sweeping with varying resonance, including self-oscillation. Problems playing this
Arturia_MicroFreak
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
for vector databases include similarity search, semantic search, multi-modal search, recommendations engines, object detection, and retrieval-augmented
Vector_database
Riding between lanes of traffic
stopping behind stationary vehicles. Filtering or filtering forward is to be contrasted with lane splitting. Lane filtering refers to motorcycles moving through
Lane_splitting
Early theory of attention
Broadbent's filter model is an early selection theory of attention. Donald Broadbent based the development of the filter model from findings by Kennith
Broadbent's filter model of attention
Broadbent's_filter_model_of_attention
Algebraic structure
topology and the modal logic S4 what Boolean algebras are to set theory and ordinary propositional logic. Interior algebras form a variety of modal algebras.
Interior_algebra
the UK's first CYCLOPS junction was completed in July 2020 in Hulme. Modal filters across Greater Manchester have been in place for over 40 years. The
Cycling_in_Greater_Manchester
Electronic musical instrument
"analogue/digital hybrid synthesiser" (PDF). Modal Electronics. 2020. Antti Huovilainen (8 October 2004). "Analzing the Moog Filter" (PDF). Helsinki University of Technology
Moog_synthesizer
keyboards. http://www.modalelectronics.com - Paula Maddox's new company Modal Electronics. http://www.till-kopper.de/monowave.html - bi-language page
Monowave
Technique in neural networks for learning joint representations of text and images
has enabled broad applications across multiple domains, including cross-modal retrieval, text-to-image generation, and aesthetic ranking. The CLIP method
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training
Contrastive_Language–Image_Pre-training
Radar component
particles for the next iteration. The particle filter is notable in its ability to handle multi-modal distributions (i.e., distributions where the probability
Radar_tracker
Computational navigational technique used by robots and autonomous vehicles
Popular approximate solution methods include the particle filter, extended Kalman filter, covariance intersection, and GraphSLAM. SLAM algorithms are
Simultaneous localization and mapping
Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping
Transportation in the Neukölln quarter of Berlin
with one-way roads and concepts like the Spielstraße ("play street"), modal filters or larger-scale neighborhood blocks (Kiezblock, LTN). Furthermore, in
Transportation_in_Neukölln
Science of the sounds of language
Fundamental frequency Glottis Pitch Pitch accent Source–filter model Tone Voicelessness Phonation types Modal Creaky Breathy Perception Acoustic cues Aphasia
Auditory_phonetics
Cycling infrastructure in Halifax, Nova Scotia
motor vehicle speed Measures to reduce motor vehicle traffic (e.g. modal filters) Treatments to facilitate the crossing of major intersections by cyclists
Cycling in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Cycling_in_Halifax,_Nova_Scotia
Web browser for Windows
pass the Acid2 or Acid3 tests. Security enhancements include a phishing filter, 256-bit stronger encryption, and a "Delete browsing history" button to
Internet_Explorer_7
Language model benchmark
experts from various institutions across the world. The questions were first filtered by the leading AI models; if the models failed to answer the question or
Humanity's_Last_Exam
learning focused on integrating and interpreting information from different modalities, such as text, images, audio, or video, by projecting them into a shared
Multimodal representation learning
Multimodal_representation_learning
Regenerated cellulose fibre made from dissolving pulp
more absorbent than cotton, and has a longer wicking distance compared to modal fabrics of a similar weave. Compared to cotton, consumers often say Lyocell
Lyocell
detection, medial filtering, medoid filtering, approximated median filtering, linear predictive filter, non-parametric model, Kalman filter, and adaptive
Teknomo–Fernandez_algorithm
Process of hearing and understanding language
achieved by means of the perceptual normalization process in which listeners filter out the noise (i.e. variation) to arrive at the underlying category. Vocal-tract-size
Speech_perception
Concept in mathematical logic
algebras are the Lindenbaum–Tarski algebras for intuitionistic logic and the modal logic S4, respectively. A logic for which Tarski's method is applicable
Lindenbaum–Tarski_algebra
Linguistic subfield studying speech sound
speech signal from the phonograph several times, filtering it each time with a different band-pass filter, a spectrogram of the speech utterance could be
Acoustic_phonetics
Electromagnetic wave with oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel
identical propagation constant along the waveguide, then there is more than one modal decomposition possible in order to describe a wave with that propagation
Transverse_mode
Mathematics notation with operators preceding operands
logic and Łukasiewicz uses L {\displaystyle L} and M {\displaystyle M} in modal logic. Prefix notation has seen wide application in Lisp S-expressions,
Polish_notation
Sound synthesis technique
Framework for Modal Synthesis". Computer Music Journal. 17 (1): 45–56. doi:10.2307/3680569. JSTOR 3680569. Bilbao, Stefan (October 2009), "Modal Synthesis"
Additive_synthesis
Hypothesis of spoken word identification
Fowler, C. A.; Dekle, D. J. (1991). "Listening with eye and hand: Cross-modal contributions to speech perception". Journal of Experimental Psychology
Motor theory of speech perception
Motor_theory_of_speech_perception
Set of singing techniques
below the bass tone and extend the vocal range below the limits of the modal voice. In particular, the sound is produced via constricting the larynx
Undertone_singing
British philosopher
571–579. Bibcode:2011SHPSA..42..571C. doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2011.09.013. Modal Homotopy Type Theory: The Prospect of a New Logic for Philosophy, Oxford
David_Corfield
Fibers made with ethers or esters of cellulose
applications of cellulose fibers are in the textile industry, as chemical filters, and as fiber-reinforcement composites, due to their similar properties
Cellulose_fiber
Resonating sound wave in a closed room
low hundreds of hertz. The input of acoustic energy to the room at the modal frequencies and multiples thereof causes standing waves. The nodes and antinodes
Room_modes
Type of topology in mathematics
their construction is a special case of the construction of a modal algebra from a modal frame i.e. from a set with a single binary relation. (The latter
Alexandrov_topology
Hardware device to access the data flowing across a computer network
cable scenario, the sensing mechanism uses optical interferometry in which modally dispersive coherent light traveling through the multi-mode fiber mixes
Network_tap
Interwoven strands of material
welded, expanded, sintered, photo-chemically etched or electroformed (screen filter) from steel or other metals. In clothing, mesh is loosely woven or knitted
Mesh
Text editor for POSIX operating systems
autocomplete. ne can pipe a marked block of text through any command line filter using the Through command bound to Meta+T by default. ne has some support
Ne_(text_editor)
American philosopher
courses, including introductory and advanced logic (meta-theory of logic and modal logic), the scientific method and philosophy of science. She also held academic
Deborah_Mayo
Type of attack in machine learning
expands the attack surface, making multimodal AI more susceptible to cross-modal vulnerabilities. One researcher in 2025 found that holding up a sheet of
Prompt_injection
Theory of selective attention
sensory information is constantly besieging us from the five sensory modalities, it was of interest to not only pinpoint where selection of attention
Attenuation_theory
Type of machine learning model
problems step by step. Multimodality means having multiple modalities, where a "modality" refers to a type of input or output, such as video, image,
Large_language_model
Pair of logical equivalences
alethic modalities of possibility and necessity, Aristotle observed this case, and in the case of normal modal logic, the relationship of these modal operators
De_Morgan's_laws
Disease where the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from the blood
(ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels
Kidney_failure
Automatic process by which the brain adjusts to stimuli
of filtering out redundant or irrelevant stimuli from all possible environmental stimuli reaching the brain. Also referred to as gating or filtering, sensory
Sensory_gating
la Bahía de Algeciras. Retrieved 2026-01-31. "Record traffic and growing modal share in 2025 on the Seine corridor". Haropa Port. 2026-01-21. "Mercancías"
List of busiest ports in Europe
List_of_busiest_ports_in_Europe
if the fibre is propagating substantial energy in affected modes, the modal distribution will be changed. A cylindrical rod wrap consists of a specified
Mandrel_wrapping
Humorous muddled words
wordfilters, spoonerisms have also become deliberately used as filter-avoidance spellings of filtered terms. The first known spoonerisms were published by the
Spoonerism
Algebraic concept in measure theory, also referred to as an algebra of sets
representation.) While representation of modal algebras by general modal frames is possible for any normal modal algebra, it is only in the case of interior
Field_of_sets
Algorithmic processing of digitally-represented images
techniques produce very large amounts of data, especially from CT, MRI and PET modalities. As a result, storage and communications of electronic image data are
Digital_image_processing
Process by which people translate thoughts into verbal words
Fundamental frequency Glottis Pitch Pitch accent Source–filter model Tone Voicelessness Phonation types Modal Creaky Breathy Perception Acoustic cues Aphasia
Speech_production
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
Financing to Accelerate Discovery Technology Development Across Biologic Modalities". Alloy Therapeutics. "EnClear Therapies Announces $10M Series A Financing"
Peter_Thiel
Representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system
Fundamental frequency Glottis Pitch Pitch accent Source–filter model Tone Voicelessness Phonation types Modal Creaky Breathy Perception Acoustic cues Aphasia
Neural_encoding_of_sound
crashes: [1]. "Bug 59314 – JavaScript alerts should be content-modal, not window-modal". Bugzilla.mozilla.org. Retrieved 23 May 2012. Epiphany supports
Comparison_of_web_browsers
are Kripke frames with an additional structure, which are used to model modal and intermediate logics. The general frame semantics combines the main virtues
General_frame
Company that owns apps that generate images using artificial intelligence
stablediffusionweb.com. Retrieved 2024-04-01. "LAION-5B: A NEW ERA OF OPEN LARGE-SCALE MULTI-MODAL DATASETS | LAION". laion.ai. Retrieved 2024-04-01. prisma-ai.com
Prisma_Labs
Blockage of an artery in the lungs
blood thinners are not appropriate or safe to use, a temporary vena cava filter may be used. Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe
Pulmonary_embolism
Electronic testing device
bandwidth RBW filters, therefore a higher RBW causes a higher measured noise floor. The video bandwidth filter or VBW filter is the low-pass filter directly
Spectrum_analyzer
Extinct giant shark species
(47 and 80 ft) based on various analyses have been proposed, though the modal lengths for individuals of all ontogenetic stages from juveniles to adults
Megalodon
computational inefficiency. This approach has been applied across various imaging modalities, including CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, ultrasound, and optical imaging Traditional
Deep tomographic reconstruction
Deep_tomographic_reconstruction
Type of surgical procedure
a needle stick approach. In general, percutaneous refers to the access modality of a medical procedure, whereby a medical device is introduced into a patient's
Percutaneous
Unknown Apache 2.0 Minerva Jun 2022 Google 540B 38.5B tokens from webpages filtered for math content and from arXiv Proprietary For solving "mathematical and
List_of_large_language_models
Autonomous feeding of animals
fish, have evolved a number of specialized feeding mechanisms, such as filter feeding, ram feeding, suction feeding, protrusion, and pivot feeding. Most
Aquatic_feeding_mechanisms
Raster and vector graphics editor
Core functionality of PhotoLine can be extended through standard Photoshop filter plugins, the G'MIC digital image processing framework, and PSP tubes. External
PhotoLine
Language of ancient Sumer and Babylon
retains them. The modal prefixes express modality. Some of them are generally combined with certain TAs; in other cases, the meaning of a modal prefix can depend
Sumerian_language
Skin treatment
acne, and herpes. Skin rejuvenation can be effected through various modalities, including thermal, chemical, mechanical, injection, and light. Laser
Photorejuvenation
Indonesian tobacco company
Indonesian). Retrieved 9 July 2026. "Grup Djarum Bangun Kekuatan Baru di Pasar Modal". investor.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 July 2026. Saumi, Annisa Kurniasari
Djarum
Interpretation of sensory information
sensation (such as warmth, sound, and taste) are called sensory modalities or stimulus modalities. Psychologist Jerome Bruner developed a model of perception
Perception
Branch of applied mathematics
processing. Logic is used to model syntax, formal semantics, and pragmatics. Modal logic can model syntax that employs different grammatical moods. Most linguistic
Mathematical_linguistics
Iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates in statistical models
vibration properties of a structural system using sensor data (see Operational Modal Analysis). EM is also used for data clustering. In natural language processing
Expectation–maximization algorithm
Expectation–maximization_algorithm
Abnormal state of wakefulness or altered state of consciousness
All activities which engage a human involve the filtering of information coming into sense modalities, and this influences brain functioning and consciousness
Trance
Audio frequencies used for the transmission of speech
ISBN 1-5659-3869-0. That in turn cites Fitch, J.L. and Holbrook, A. (1970). Modal Fundamental Frequency of Young Adults in Archives of Otolaryngology, 92
Voice_frequency
Open-source interface for the ITK framework
object oriented and a procedural interface to most of the image processing filters. The latter enables image analysis workflows with concise syntax. A secondary
SimpleITK
Subgenre of trap music
often rely on 808s. Claps in plugg beats are usually heavily low-pass filtered and muffled, serving as a substitute for conventional snares. Plugg production
Plugg
Microscope observing a thin depth of a cell
usually less than 200 nanometers can be observed. TIRFM is an imaging modality which uses the excitation of fluorescent cells in a thin optical specimen
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope
Total_internal_reflection_fluorescence_microscope
Technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body
be seen without special equipment. Dermatology and wound care are two modalities that use visible light imagery. Interpretation of medical images is generally
Medical_imaging
Intelligence of machines
pp. 335–337) Representing knowledge about knowledge: Belief calculus, modal logics: Russell & Norvig (2021, §10.4), Poole, Mackworth & Goebel (1998
Artificial_intelligence
Usage of artificial intelligence to generate music
video sequences or generate dance choreography from audio input. Cross-modal retrieval systems allow one to search for music using images, text, or gestures
Artificial intelligence in music
Artificial_intelligence_in_music
Study of understanding of audio by machine
familiarity, auditory surprise, and analysis of musical structure. Multi-modal analysis: finding correspondences between textual, visual, and audio signals
Computer_audition
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
is the application of a matched filter to the raw data, for each pixel in the output image, where the matched filter coefficients are the response from
Synthetic-aperture_radar
Effort being used in the working memory
demonstration of several learning effects: the completion-problem effect; modality effect; split-attention effect; worked-example effect; and expertise reversal
Cognitive_load
Light distribution
longer changing with fibre length or with input modal excitation. This phenomenon requires both mode filtering and mode mixing to occur in the fibre to produce
Equilibrium_mode_distribution
Mental process dealing with knowledge
experience of objects and events. Attention prioritizes specific aspects while filtering out irrelevant information. Memory is the ability to retain, store, and
Cognition
Canadian manufacturer of scientific instruments
is a Canadian manufacturer of infrared cameras, widely tunable optical filters, hyperspectral imaging and spectroscopic scientific instruments for academic
Photon_etc.
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
rate) and acceptability (i.e., lowest dropout rate). Other treatment modalities examined in the analysis included monotherapy with contingency management
Adderall
Medical imaging technique
sampling with very few projections, approximation algorithms have to be used. Filtered back projection and iterative, expectation-maximization algorithms have
Tomosynthesis
Transportation app
developers. In February 2019, Moovit, TomTom, and Microsoft announced a multi-modal trip planner, combining driving, parking and taking public transit. In October
Moovit
Organ of the urinary system
In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually
Kidney
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