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Theory of selective attention
Attenuation theory, also known as Treisman's attenuation model, is a theory of selective attention proposed by psychologist Anne Treisman that explains
Attenuation_theory
Gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium
physics, attenuation – colloquially, damping – is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. For instance, dark glasses attenuate sunlight,
Attenuation
Light or sound absorption in a substance
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be
Attenuation_coefficient
Property of materials
The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of
Mass_attenuation_coefficient
American television season
The eighth season of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory aired on CBS from September 22, 2014 to May 7, 2015. The series returned to its
The_Big_Bang_Theory_season_8
English cognitive psychologist (1935–2018)
Treisman proposed her Attenuation Theory, which modified Broadbent's Filter model by stating that unattended information is attenuated rather than completely
Anne_Treisman
The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom created and executively produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady for CBS. Like the name of the series
List of The Big Bang Theory episodes
List_of_The_Big_Bang_Theory_episodes
Controversial 1997 set of child medical procedures
combination of growth attenuation therapy and surgical procedures, and Tom, the first publicly reported boy to receive growth attenuation therapy. Although
Ashley_Treatment
Formula for sound intensity loss in a Newtonian fluid
In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's
Stokes's law of sound attenuation
Stokes's_law_of_sound_attenuation
integration theory, Attenuation theory, object perception, memory Reiko True Jeanne Tsai Kate Tsui Endel Tulving Elliot Turiel, founder of domain theory (primary
List_of_psychologists
Early theory of attention
alternative mechanism, attenuation theory. This theory supports an early-selection filter. However, in this case, the filter also attenuates stimuli presented
Broadbent's filter model of attention
Broadbent's_filter_model_of_attention
At the time, the prevailing theory on nerve excitation conduction in anesthetized regions was the "attenuation theory" proposed by Professor Hermann
Gen'ichi_Katō
Kinetic theory of gravity
Le Sage's theory of gravitation is a kinetic theory of gravity originally proposed by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1690 and later by Georges-Louis Le
Le Sage's theory of gravitation
Le_Sage's_theory_of_gravitation
Range of physical processes in physics
using many different concepts, including scattering cross section (σ), attenuation coefficients, the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF)
Scattering
Statistical bias in linear regressions
Regression dilution, also known as regression attenuation, is the biasing of the linear regression slope towards zero (the underestimation of its absolute
Regression_dilution
Socioeconomics doctrine
social (No. 1, 1850, p. 6), Leroux responded to his critics, summing up his theory as follows: "Si les hommes étaient croyants, savants, religieux, ajoute-t-il
Circulus_(theory)
Measure of change in amplitude and phase of a wave
telecommunications, the term attenuation constant, also called attenuation parameter or attenuation coefficient, is the attenuation of an electromagnetic wave
Propagation_constant
Obsolete scientific theory of heat flow
The caloric theory is a superseded scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called "caloric" that flows from hotter bodies to colder
Caloric_theory
Modelling the appearance of paint coatings
theory devised by Paul Kubelka and Franz Munk, is a fundamental approach to modelling the appearance of paint films. As published in 1931, the theory
Kubelka–Munk_theory
in cognitive psychology; developed the feature integration theory and attenuation theory; awarded the National Medal of Science, Grawemeyer Award and
List of people associated with Somerville College, Oxford
List_of_people_associated_with_Somerville_College,_Oxford
Theory about the cause of psychopathic behaviour
postulating that a lack of fear experience is central to psychopathy." Attenuation theory Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder This is based on meta-analyses
Response modulation hypothesis
Response_modulation_hypothesis
Type of wave
{\displaystyle \ \rho ~~~} is the mass density of the medium. The attenuation of a wave in a medium describes the loss of energy a wave carries as
Longitudinal_wave
Theory of intergroup relations
Social dominance theory (SDT) is a social psychological theory of intergroup relations that examines the caste-like features of group-based social hierarchies
Social_dominance_theory
1995 science fiction film directed by Robert Longo
virtual Internet, which has created a degenerative effect called "nerve attenuation syndrome" or NAS. Megacorporations control much of the world, intensifying
Johnny_Mnemonic_(film)
Theory in psychometrics
responsible for figuring out how to correct a correlation coefficient for attenuation due to measurement error and how to obtain the index of reliability needed
Classical_test_theory
Theory of aggression
hypothesis, also known as the frustration–aggression–displacement theory, is a theory of aggression proposed by John Dollard, Neal Miller, Leonard Doob
Frustration–aggression hypothesis
Frustration–aggression_hypothesis
Type of analog linear filter in electronics
standard set attenuation value for Bessel filters. However, −3.0103 dB is a common choice. Some applications may use a higher or lower attenuation such as
Bessel_filter
Scientific law describing absorption of light
of the Beer–Lambert law states that the total attenuation can be obtained by integrating the attenuation coefficient over small slices dz of the beamline:
Beer–Lambert_law
Theory of aging
term HSCs during aging. This accumulation is associated with a broad attenuation of DNA repair and response pathways that depends on HSC quiescence. DNA
Stem_cell_theory_of_aging
Deterioration of function with age
term HSCs during aging. This accumulation is associated with a broad attenuation of DNA repair and response pathways that depends on HSC quiescence. DNA
Senescence
Data structure for approximate set membership
approximate membership testers". Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing - STOC '78. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 59–65.
Bloom_filter
Non-destructive material testing using ultrasonic waves
the scattering attenuation coefficient depends mainly on the grain size; Zeng et al, figured out that in pure Niobium, attenuation is linearly correlated
Ultrasonic_testing
Average distance travelled by a particle between impacts with other particles
is the linear attenuation coefficient, μ/ρ is the mass attenuation coefficient and ρ is the density of the material. The mass attenuation coefficient can
Mean_free_path
Sensory deprivation tank
tank, float tank, float pod, float cabin, flotation tank, or sensory attenuation tank is a water filled, pitch-black, light-proof, soundproof environment
Isolation_tank
Measurement that represents the overall performance of a cable
attenuation to near-end crosstalk for each combination of cable pairs. ACR is expressed as a figure in decibels (dB), between the signal attenuation produced
Attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio
Attenuation-to-crosstalk_ratio
Physical or logical connection used for transmission of information
often modeled by a random attenuation (known as fading) of the transmitted signal, followed by additive noise. The attenuation term is a simplification
Communication_channel
Mathematical models
(linear attenuation) 2) the Strick–Azimi model (power-law attenuation) 3) the Kjartansson model (constant Q) 4) the Azimi models (non-linear attenuation) 5)
Q_models_(seismology)
widely held miasma theory of disease. These findings led medical science to what we now know as the germ theory of disease. The germ theory of disease proposes
Germ theory's key 19th century figures
Germ_theory's_key_19th_century_figures
Obsolete geological concept to explain orogens
which was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the theory of plate tectonics was envisaged. A geosyncline was described as a giant
Geosyncline
Infrared spectroscopy sampling technique
limited path length into the sample. This avoids the problem of strong attenuation of the IR signal in highly absorbing media such as aqueous solutions
Attenuated_total_reflectance
Type of signal processing filter
attenuation at that frequency in dB. ω s {\displaystyle \omega _{s}} and α s {\displaystyle \alpha _{s}} are the stop band frequency and attenuation at
Butterworth_filter
Amount of air seen through in astronomical observations
atmosphere, light is attenuated by scattering and absorption; the thicker atmosphere through which it passes, the greater the attenuation. Consequently, celestial
Air_mass_(astronomy)
Medical imaging procedure
according to the mean attenuation of the tissue(s) that it corresponds to on a scale from +3,071 (most attenuating) to −1,024 (least attenuating) on the Hounsfield
CT_scan
Probability of a given process occurring in a particle collision
(geometry) Flow velocity Luminosity (scattering theory) Linear attenuation coefficient Mass attenuation coefficient Neutron cross section Nuclear cross
Cross_section_(physics)
Frequency dependent circuit
passband, passband attenuation, stopband, and stopband attenuation, where the passbands are the frequency ranges for which audio is attenuated less than a specified
Audio_filter
Signal attenuation in telecommunications
Path loss, or path attenuation, is the reduction in power density (attenuation) of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. Path loss is
Path_loss
Theory regarding human memory
The interference theory is a theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning. The notion is that memories encoded in long-term memory (LTM)
Interference_theory
Effectiveness of a material in transmitting radiant energy
of the beam of light through the material sample. Attenuation cross section and molar attenuation coefficient are related by ε i = N A ln 10 σ i ,
Transmittance
Early attempts to explain gravity
Mechanical explanations of gravitation (or kinetic theories of gravitation) are attempts to explain the action of gravity by aid of basic mechanical processes
Mechanical explanations of gravitation
Mechanical_explanations_of_gravitation
Type of analog or digital filter
attenuation to a desired value, and for the same reasons. Setting the Chebyshev II cutoff attenuation is the same as for Chebyshev cutoff attenuation
Chebyshev_filter
Measure of how a closed loop transfer function is affected by parameter changes
{1}{1+C(s)G(s)}}N(s).} Hence, lower values of | S | {\displaystyle |S|} suggest further attenuation of the external disturbance. The sensitivity function tells us how the
Sensitivity_(control_systems)
Range of usable frequencies
0 dB, the 3 dB bandwidth is the frequency range where attenuation is less than 3 dB. 3 dB attenuation is also where power is half its maximum. This same
Bandwidth_(signal_processing)
Electrical circuit
_{\mathrm {L} }}} For an attenuator, Z and Y are simple resistors and γ becomes the image parameter attenuation (that is, the attenuation when terminated with
Π_pad
Mathematical function, inverse of an exponential function
the common logarithm of a voltage ratio. It is used to quantify the attenuation or amplification of electrical signals, to describe power levels of sounds
Logarithm
Protection device for auditory organs
actual attenuation of the device as it is worn for an individual. These tests for checking attenuation values summarize the real-world attenuation in a
Hearing_protection_device
Propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light
circumstances. In such cases, which typically at the same time involve rapid attenuation of the intensity, the maximum of the envelope of a pulse may travel with
Faster-than-light
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
Li, Ning; Torr, D. G. (1992). "Gravitational effects on the magnetic attenuation of superconductors". Physical Review B. 46 (9): 5489–5495. Bibcode:1992PhRvB
Zero-point_energy
Psychological hypothesis about intergroup contact
Gordon Allport united early research in this vein under intergroup contact theory. In 1954, Allport published The Nature of Prejudice, in which he outlined
Contact_hypothesis
Particle physics experiment
target with magnetized iron between them to provide helicity-dependent attenuation of the transiting gamma rays. A scintillator detector was used to count
Goldhaber_experiment
Passive component (choke) suppressing high-frequency noise in electronic circuits
the ferrite bead result in an impedance for high-frequency signals, attenuating high-frequency EMI/RFI electronic noise. The energy is either reflected
Ferrite_bead
Point of entry and exit of electrical energy to/from a circuit
In electrical circuit theory, a port is a pair of terminals connecting an electrical network or circuit to an external circuit, as a point of entry or
Port_(circuit_theory)
the amplitude attenuation and the phase lag of the unsteady aerodynamic forces compared to the quasi steady analysis (which in theory assumes no phase
Reduced_frequency
French chemist, pharmacist and microbiologist (1822–1895)
the focus of the research was directed at creating a vaccine through attenuation. In February 1880, Pasteur presented his results to the French Academy
Louis_Pasteur
Frequency response boundary
and a stopband meet: a frequency for which the attenuation is larger than the required stopband attenuation, which for example may be 30 dB or 100 dB. In
Cutoff_frequency
Ethnogenesis of Romanians
Several theories, in great extent mutually exclusive, address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. The Romanian language descends from the Vulgar
Origin_of_the_Romanians
Media hype phenomenon
Tunley have also presented a theory that offers the opposite to deviancy amplification, which they call deviancy attenuation. In this, they argue using
Deviancy_amplification_spiral
Complete reflection of a wave
internal reflection to carry signals over long distances with little attenuation. They are used in telecommunication cables, and in image-forming fiberscopes
Total_internal_reflection
_{\mathrm {L} }}} For an attenuator, Z and Y are simple resistors and γ becomes the image parameter attenuation (that is, the attenuation when terminated with
T_pad
Broadband electromagnetic impulse
discharges. Sferics may propagate from their lightning source without major attenuation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide, and can be received thousands of kilometres
Radio_atmospheric_signal
Support systems for individuals
g., gossiping about friends) is not always beneficial. Social support theories and models were prevalent as intensive academic studies in the 1980s and
Social_support
this attenuation apply to the supposed emissions from the LRL devices, but the return signals from the sought-after targets are further attenuated by the
Long-range_locator
Concept and field of study in psychology
significant levels of stress. Green and Swets formulated the Signal Detection Theory, or SDT, in 1966 to characterize detection task performance sensitivity
Vigilance_(psychology)
Mathematical model of the time dependence of a point in space
In mathematics, physics, engineering and systems theory, a dynamical system is the description of how a system evolves in time. The study of dynamical
Dynamical_system
Microwave radio frequency band from 8–12 GHz
potential for short-range observations, but the loss of signal strength (attenuation) under rainy conditions limits their use at longer range. The X band
X_band
Disproven medical conspiracy theory
treatment. The second vaccine, an oral polio vaccine (OPV), is a live-attenuated vaccine, produced by the passage of the virus through non-human cells
Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis
Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis
Concept in statistics and wave theory
signal's power is attenuated", i.e., the power is at least half the maximum. In signal processing terms, this is at most 3 dB of attenuation, called half-power
Full_width_at_half_maximum
Archaic theory of chronic disease
Focal infection theory is the historical concept that many chronic diseases, including systemic and common ones, are caused by focal infections. A focal
Focal_infection_theory
Swedish-American physicist (1889–1976)
brightness into line current, reducing the visible effect of changes in line attenuation. It also included phase equalization to prevent blurring caused by different
Harry_Nyquist
Scientific hypothesis about inheritance
Lamarck (1744–1829), who incorporated the classical era theory of soft inheritance into his theory of evolution as a supplement to his concept of orthogenesis
Lamarckism
Fringe autism causation theory
The opioid excess theory postulates that autism is the result of a metabolic disorder in which opioid peptides produced through metabolism of gluten and
Opioid_excess_theory
Behaviour of travelling radio waves
free space attenuation Free-space path loss Dipole field strength in free space Friis transmission equation Models for outdoor attenuation Terrain models
Radio_propagation
Property of a thermodynamic system
Neumann regarding what name to give to the attenuation in phone-line signals When viewed in terms of information theory, the entropy state function is the amount
Entropy
Perception or knowledge of something
role in self-regulation. Neural systems that regulate attention serve to attenuate awareness among complex animals whose central and peripheral nervous systems
Awareness
Cable or other structure for carrying radio waves
line constants derived from them, these being the propagation constant, attenuation constant and phase constant. The line voltage V ( x ) {\displaystyle
Transmission_line
Increased sensitivity to sound and decreased tolerance of noise
L. (July 2003). "Adaptive plasticity of loudness induced by chronic attenuation and enhancement of the acoustic background". The Journal of the Acoustical
Hyperacusis
Concept in psychology
probabilities. Widely accepted risk-aversion theories, including Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Prospect Theory (PT), arrive at risk aversion only indirectly
Risk_aversion_(psychology)
Represents speech as a combination of sound and linear filter
vocal tract to interpret his own data of Russian speech sounds in Acoustic Theory of Speech Production, which established the source–filter model. To varying
Source–filter_model
velocity dispersion. By compensating for amplitude attenuation with a model of the visco-elastic attenuation model type, seismic data can provide true relative-amplitude
Seismic_inverse_Q_filtering
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory is that the predictions it makes are probabilistic. The procedure for finding
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
Light scattering by small particles
Massimo (2023). "Quasi-localized vibrational modes, boson peak and sound attenuation in model mass-spring networks". SciPost Physics. 15 (2): 069. arXiv:2211
Rayleigh_scattering
American physicist and political administrator (born 1934)
(1960). Some problems in spin wave theory in ferromagnets and antiferromagnets and in the generation and attenuation of microwave frequency phonons at
Raymond_L._Orbach
Type of social dilemma
theoretical approach is economic game theory (i.e., rational choice theory, expected utility theory). Game theory assumes that individuals are rational
Collective_action_problem
Speed of electromagnetic waves
material, corresponding respectively to the index of refraction and to the attenuation coefficient, are linked by the Kramers–Kronig relations. In practical
Speed_of_light
Graph of the frequency response of a control system
Frequencies above the corner frequency are attenuated – the higher the frequency, the higher the attenuation. The phase Bode plot is obtained by plotting
Bode_plot
mass attenuation coefficient, also called mass extinction coefficient, is the attenuation coefficient divided by density; see mass attenuation coefficient
Mathematical descriptions of opacity
Mathematical_descriptions_of_opacity
Behavioral effect in virtual worlds
embodiment levels (via "ownership of virtual hands"), thereby enhancing pain attenuation effects. The authors described this as "comparable to moderate dose of
Proteus_effect
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
from reasoning about implied imperatives, and divine command theory and ideal observer theory are universalist forms of ethical subjectivism which claim
Morality
Non-diffractive wave
may encounter losses as they travel through materials which will cause attenuation of the beam intensity. A property common to non-diffracting (or propagation-invariant)
Bessel_beam
Theory of sound waves
Acoustic theory is a scientific field that relates to the description of sound waves. It derives from fluid dynamics. See acoustics for the engineering
Acoustic_theory
Property of an object or substance that is impervious to light
fields, given here. In this use, "opacity" is another term for the mass attenuation coefficient (or, depending on context, mass absorption coefficient, the
Opacity
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