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Noise created in a multimode fiber by an imperfect splice
Mechanically induced modulation is an optical signal modulation induced by mechanical means. An example of deleterious mechanically induced modulation
Mechanically induced modulation
Mechanically_induced_modulation
Group alerting and dispatching system Hop Horn Hybrid routing Mechanically induced modulation Micro-mainframe link Multiplexing Noise (signal processing)
List of telecommunications terminology
List_of_telecommunications_terminology
Type of audible sound
Electromagnetically induced acoustic noise, electromagnetically excited acoustic noise, or more commonly known as coil whine, is audible sound directly
Electromagnetically induced acoustic noise
Electromagnetically_induced_acoustic_noise
Gap junction modulation describes the functional manipulation of gap junctions, specialized channels that allow direct electrical and chemical communication
Gap_junction_modulation
Fluctuations in the luminance of a light
type of light regulation technology applied (e.g. pulse-width modulation). If the modulation frequency is below the flicker fusion threshold and if the magnitude
Flicker_(light)
Visual phenomenon
regulation technologies. Another cause of light modulations may be lamps with unfiltered pulse-width modulation type external dimmers. Whether this is so may
Stroboscopic_effect
Line code used in early magnetic data storage
Modified frequency modulation (MFM) is a run-length limited (RLL) line code used to encode data on most floppy disks and some hard disk drives. It was
Modified_frequency_modulation
Regulation of enzyme activity
model dictates that molecules of a substrate bind via an induced fit protocol. While such an induced fit converts a subunit from the tensed state to relaxed
Allosteric_regulation
photoelastic modulators is based on the photoelastic effect, in which a mechanically stressed sample exhibits birefringence proportional to the resulting
Photoelastic_modulator
Sound frequency changes responsible for perceptions of loudness, pitch and timbre
with low spectral modulations and the anterior STG being tuned for temporally slow varying speech sounds with high spectral modulations. One unexpected
Temporal envelope and fine structure
Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure
Nerve receptors in mammalian skin
Jeffery; Basbaum, Allan I.; Edwards, Robert H. (2009-12-03). "Injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity requires C-low threshold mechanoreceptors". Nature
C_tactile_afferent
Method to control electric motors
measured current components at their reference values. The pulse-width modulation of the variable-frequency drive defines the transistor switching according
Field-oriented_control
Non-linear effect in amplitude modulation
Intermodulation (IM) or intermodulation distortion (IMD) is the amplitude modulation of signals containing two or more different frequencies, caused by nonlinearities
Intermodulation
torque in linear and rotational systems. In some applications, mechanical amplification induced by nature or unintentional oversights in man-made designs can
Mechanical_amplifier
Muscle response
is absent and the H-wave is maximal. H-reflex is analogous to the mechanically induced spinal stretch reflex (for example, knee jerk reflex). "The primary
H-reflex
Light-sensitive material used in making electronics
(KPR) Modulation transfer function MTF (modulation transfer function is the ratio of image intensity modulation and object intensity modulation and it
Photoresist
Type of actuator
momentum and mechanical power into the flow. No matter how much funding has been invested and the number of various private claims of a high induced speed,
Plasma_actuator
Manipulation of cells using magnetic fields
that it can provide either spatially or temporally, or both, precise modulation of the brain nervous system. To date, several technologies are adapted
Magnetogenetics
Interferometer using neutron diffraction to make precise measurements
polymer. Mechanical stability and count rates are crucial for such an experiment. Therefore, efficient, thermally and mechanically stable optical
Neutron_interferometer
Encoding method used on early floppy and hard disk drives
Frequency modulation encoding, or simply FM, is a method of storing data that saw widespread use in early floppy disk drives and hard disk drives. The
Frequency_modulation_encoding
Medical condition
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a hearing impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound. People may have a loss of perception of a narrow range
Noise-induced_hearing_loss
Professor of Behavioral Medicine and Neuroscience
pain cues, underscoring shared pathways between substance use and pain modulation. Research in this area has also distinguished subjective pain catastrophizing
Mustafa_al'Absi
Group of neurons in medulla of brain
induced by CFA. However, the NK1 antagonist did prevent some tactile hyperalgesia induced by a different compound, capsaicin. In yet another induced injury
Rostral_ventromedial_medulla
Feeling of pain from stimuli which do not normally elicit pain
the nociceptors to secondary neurons. Both of these mechanisms for pain modulation have been implicated in the pathology of allodynia. Several studies suggest
Allodynia
Life-threatening response to infection
similar response to SIRS. Platelets have a potentially key role in immune modulation during sepsis. Systemic inflammation, endothelial injury, and dysregulated
Sepsis
dephasing and a longer T2*. Conversely, hydration water molecules are mechanically constrained by extensive interactions with the local macromolecules and
Magnetization_transfer
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
identified mechanism for matrix-induced differentiation is tension-induced proteins, which remodel chromatin in response to mechanical stretch. The RhoA pathway
Cellular_differentiation
Branch of physics
i.e. the motion of bound electrons, field-induced vibrational or orientational motions, optically-induced acoustic waves and thermal effects. The motion
Nonlinear_optics
Device which diffracts light via sound waves
They are used in lasers for Q-switching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectroscopy for frequency control. A piezoelectric transducer
Acousto-optic_modulator
Building design approach
techniques of heat dissipation and modulation without the use of energy. Some authors consider that minor and simple mechanical systems (e.g. pumps and economizers)
Passive_cooling
Mirror-based electronic display technology
on time to off time determines the shade produced (binary pulse-width modulation). Contemporary DMD chips can produce up to 1024 shades of gray (10 bits)
Digital_micromirror_device
Chemical compound
competitive inhibitor of sphingosine kinase but not of protein kinase C: modulation of cellular levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide". Biochemistry
N,N-Dimethylsphingosine
Type of microscopy using a physical probe
resonance (frequency modulation). The two most common modes of nc-AFM operation, frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM), are described
Non-contact atomic force microscopy
Non-contact_atomic_force_microscopy
Electronic device that alters audio
wah-wah pedals and graphic equalizers, which modify frequency ranges, modulation effects, such as chorus, flangers and phasers, pitch effects, such as
Effects_unit
Combination of concave and convex mirrors
a spherical or parabolic primary and a mechanically warped spherical secondary to correct for off-axis induced astigmatism. When set up correctly the
Cassegrain_reflector
Strength training
test how eccentric and concentric contractions affect cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise. Men (aged 18–30) were divided into four groups: concentric
Eccentric_training
Critical transition region in ferroelectric materials
it is either not found or rarely found. In these materials, MPB can be induced by using some mechanism, to achieve high performance of piezoelectric effects
Morphotropic_phase_boundary
Type of radar system
limited to mechanically aimed antennas and active phased arrays. Mechanical RF components, such as wave-guide, can produce Doppler modulation due to phase
Pulse-Doppler_radar
Branch of physics
of atoms share collective degrees of freedom which may behave quantum mechanically (e.g. a sphere of micrometer diameter being in a spatial superposition
Cavity_optomechanics
Type of physiotherapy
Richard H. (2005-06-01). "Recent progress in flexor tendon healing. The modulation of tendon healing with rehabilitation variables". Journal of Hand Therapy
Mechanotherapy
Awareness of internal and external existence
drug-induced experiences as mystical or spiritual in quality. The brain mechanisms underlying these effects are not as well understood as those induced by
Consciousness
muscle cell, called the transverse tubule during a process known as calcium induced calcium release. Located in the wall of the right atrium is a group of
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Cardiac_excitation-contraction_coupling
Structure connecting neurons in the nervous system
establishes polarized localization of synaptic components in living neurons. Modulation of neurotransmitter release by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is
Synapse
form of synaptic plasticity, in which changes in synaptic strength are induced by activity at neighboring synapses or by modulatory inputs, rather than
Heterosynaptic_plasticity
Impaired flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine
caused by certain drugs or their metabolites. Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) falls under drug-induced liver injury (DILI), specifically the cholestatic
Cholestasis
Voltages associated with muscle fibre
vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle. The neuromuscular junction is the synapse that is formed between
End-plate_potential
Sensory receptor cell responding to mechanical pressure or strain
PMID 19352402. S2CID 17298704. McNulty PA, Macefield VG (December 2001). "Modulation of ongoing EMG by different classes of low-threshold mechanoreceptors
Mechanoreceptor
Cardiac hormone which increases renal sodium excretion
generated in response to ANP may act not only through PKG but also via direct modulation of ion channels. NPR-C functions mainly as a clearance receptor by binding
Atrial_natriuretic_peptide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for ketazocine
stress-induced potentiation and reinstatement of drug seeking. It is hypothesized that these behaviors are mediated by KOR-dependent modulation of dopamine
Κ-opioid_receptor
Television that uses analog signals
PAL, or SECAM) could be added to the base monochrome signal. Using RF modulation the signal is then modulated onto a very high frequency (VHF) or ultra
Analog_television
Type of field-effect transistor
due to junction leakage. The drain induced barrier lowering of the threshold voltage and channel length modulation effects upon I-V curves are reduced
MOSFET
Device to couple energy between circuits
circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by
Transformer
Set of imaging methods for determining soft-tissue hardness
dynamic loading has been achieved through the application of a sinusoidal modulation via a contact transducer or acoustic wave. Other imaging modalities with
Elastography
Molecule with ability to reversibly switch states
technologies. Some of the most advanced molecular switches are based on mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures where the bistable states differ
Molecular_switch
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
detection mechanism, amplitude modulation AFM; and non-contact mode, or, again after the detection mechanism, frequency modulation AFM. Despite the nomenclature
Atomic_force_microscopy
Automatic collection and transmission of data
replaced with better systems; in both cases, based on pulse-position modulation (PPM). Early Soviet missile and space telemetry systems which were developed
Telemetry
Devices that measure magnetic field strength using the Hall effect
linear circuit may cancel the offset voltage of Hall sensors. Moreover, AC modulation of the driving current may also reduce the influence of this offset voltage
Hall_effect_sensor
Type of membrane proteins
cardiovascular system. TRPC6 is potentially a sensor of mechanically and osmotically induced membrane stretch, and is possibly directly gated by membrane
Mechanosensitive_channels
Spectroscopy used in chemistry and physics
picture does not take into account the quantum mechanical energy levels of the molecule. Quantum mechanically, the CARS process can be understood as follows
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Coherent_anti-Stokes_Raman_spectroscopy
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
Their medicine-induced myasthenia gravis symptoms were often severe with 29 people developing respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation.
Myasthenia_gravis
Protein fiber made by spiders
Discovery. 25: 20–26. Vollrath, F. & Edmonds, D. T. (1989). "Modulation of the Mechanical-Properties of Spider Silk By Coating With Water". Nature. 340
Spider_silk
Technology companies of the United States
equipment that allows transmission of data through photon pulse width modulation (PWM) of the LED.[citation needed] The current speed at which the data
LVX
Electrical resistance attributed to contacting interfaces
1943-7889.0000967. Landauer, Rolf (August 1976). "Spatial carrier density modulation effects in metallic conductivity". Physical Review B. 14 (4): 1474–1479
Contact_resistance
Anxiolytic, sedative, and pain medication
developed by Orion Pharma. Studies suggest dexmedetomidine for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults may reduce time to extubation and ICU stay. Compared
Dexmedetomidine
Field of study
tasks. Aging induces decreases in the global methylation of H3K9 in the hippocampus. However, physical exercise counteracts the aging induced decreases in
Epigenetics of physical exercise
Epigenetics_of_physical_exercise
Semiconductor light source
LEDs can be dimmed either by pulse-width modulation or lowering the forward current. This pulse-width modulation is why LED lights, particularly headlights
Light-emitting_diode
Vehicle noise made by trains
as well as the motor type. Variable-frequency drives use pulse-width modulation, which introduces additional current harmonics and results in higher acoustic
Train_noise
the decrease of thermoelastic expansion with the inverse power of the modulation frequency and the frequency characteristics of the cantilever arrangement
Scanning joule expansion microscopy
Scanning_joule_expansion_microscopy
State of an immobilized atom in chemistry
the Effective Correlation Energy of Defects in Semiconductors: Optical Modulation Spectroscopy of Dangling Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 54 (16): 1844–1847
Dangling_bond
Interface between lymphocyte and target cell
CR, Kupfer H, Tamir I, Barlow A, Kupfer A (January 1997). "Selective modulation of protein kinase C-theta during T-cell activation". Nature. 385 (6611):
Immunological_synapse
Method for reducing unwanted sound
of repetitive (or periodic) noise such as engine-, propeller- or rotor-induced noise. This is because an engine's cyclic nature makes analysis and noise
Active_noise_control
Physical phenomenon
damping is due to a positive feedback between the oscillation and the modulation of the external source of power. The amplitude and waveform of steady
Self-oscillation
1016/j.carbon.2015.12.050. Özçelik, V. O.; Durgun, E.; Ciraci, S. (2015). "Modulation of Electronic Properties in Laterally and Commensurately Repeating Graphene
Graphene boron nitride nanohybrid materials
Graphene_boron_nitride_nanohybrid_materials
One of three major types of muscle
Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002). Genesis, Modulation, and Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle. Garland Science. Giordani L, He
Skeletal_muscle
Device that emites acoustic radiation
emission is a procedure where we have a spontaneous and an induced emission at the same time. The induced emission comes from the pumping procedure and then is
Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation
Extension of scanning tunneling microscopy
arrangement of the electrons in the sample. The latter is described quantum mechanically by an "electron density". The electron density is a function of both
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Scanning_tunneling_spectroscopy
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. IL-1β, in combination with IL-23, induced expression of IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 by γδ T cells. This induction of expression
Interleukin_1_beta
Means of quantifying system performance
errors in sampling clocks (jitter) result in non-linear distortion (FM modulation) of the signal. One quality measurement for a digital system (bit error
Audio_system_measurements
Medical diagnostic method
important mechanisms behind UOT technology. 1 Incoherent Modulation of Light Due to Ultrasound-Induced Variations in Optical Properties of Medium. As the ultrasonic
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography
Ultrasound-modulated_optical_tomography
Study of human body movement
Cohen, LG; Brasil-Neto, JP; Cammarota, A; Hallett, M (September 1995). "Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during
Kinesiology
Telescope designed to observe remote objects by detecting X-rays
Complex 37B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The Chinese Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope was launched on June 15, 2017 to observe black holes, neutron
X-ray_telescope
Class of atomically thin materials
including applied fields, chemical doping, mechanical strain, and many more methods. Electrical modulation Applying an external electrical field through
Magnetic_2D_materials
Canadian Neuroscientist
to decreased mechanical allodynia after injection of an inflammatory agent. She then tested the efficacy of the siRNA on formalin-induced phase 2 nociceptive
Sandra_M._Garraway
Neural control of rhythmic human arm movement: phase dependence and task modulation of Hoffmann reflexes in forearm muscles. Journal of Neurophysiology. 89:12–21
Spinal_locomotion
Group of signal transduction pathways involved in embryonic development
cellular damage. This ROS-induced damage is significant because it can cause acute hepatic insulin resistance, or injury-induced insulin resistance. Mutations
Wnt_signaling_pathway
Transmitting information over optical fiber
operate independently of the data rate and modulation format, enabling multiple data rates and modulation formats to co-exist and enabling upgrading of
Fiber-optic_communication
Turntable that plays records using laser beams
Laser Turntable(9) Instead of playing disks mechanically, this pricey device plays vinyl without mechanical contact to the disk, using laser beams instead
Laser_turntable
Machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor but operates inversely, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
Electric_motor
Type of distributed Bragg reflector constructed in a short segment of optical fiber
negative part of the induced index change overtakes the positive part. It is usually associated with gradual relaxation of induced stress along the axis
Fiber_Bragg_grating
Engineer, inventor, academic and author
Dyko, Mark P.; Vafai, Kambiz (January 22, 2007). "Effects of gravity modulation on convection in a horizontal annulus". International Journal of Heat
Kambiz_Vafai
Variation in the time intervals between heartbeats
associated with the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a vagally mediated modulation of heart rate (which increases during inspiration and decreases during
Heart_rate_variability
Iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers
stationary magnetic field reflects mechanical stimuli converting iron-induced reactive oxygen species generation to the modulation of biochemical signals. Iron
Iron_oxide_nanoparticle
Microwave signal amplifier
causes the electron beam to "bunch up", known technically as "velocity modulation". The resulting pattern of electron density in the beam is an analog of
Traveling-wave_tube
Optical Cavity
include local heating, carrier injection, electro-optic modulation, optical pumping, mechanical strain, fluid infiltration and adsorption. Permanent trimming
Nanophotonic_resonator
Type of tachometer
effect sensors of this type make use of the principle of magnetic field modulation and are suitable for ferromagnetic target wheels with a module between
Wheel_speed_sensor
Wire with a diameter in the nanometres
allows for nanometer-scale morphological control via rapid in situ dopant modulation. A single-step vapour phase reaction at elevated temperature synthesises
Nanowire
is recognized as an important mechanism and determinant of shear-stress induced vascular response; in vivo testing of endothelial cells has demonstrated
Endothelial_activation
Type of AC motor
(2020-09-09). "Direct Torque Controlled induction motor drive with space vector modulation fed with three-level inverter". 2012 IEEE International Conference on
Synchronous_motor
Rare congenital neuromuscular disorder
new avenue involves one-time gene editing to achieve permanent splicing modulation. This preclinical approach, demonstrated in non-human primate models and
Spinal_muscular_atrophy
Control loop feedback mechanism
systems and various other applications where constant control through modulation is necessary without human intervention. The PID controller automatically
PID_controller
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