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Line code used in early magnetic data storage
Modified frequency modulation (MFM) is a run-length limited (RLL) line code used to encode data on most floppy disks and some hard disk drives. It was
Modified_frequency_modulation
Encoding method used on early floppy and hard disk drives
a 5+1⁄4-inch disk. IBM began introducing the more efficient modified frequency modulation, or MFM, starting in 1970. They referred to this format as "double
Frequency_modulation_encoding
Pattern used within a communications system to represent digital data
Manchester Mark and space MLT-3 encoding Modified AMI codes: B8ZS, B6ZS, B3ZS, HDB3 Modified frequency modulation, Miller encoding and delay encoding Non-return-to-zero
Line_code
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
carrier wave. Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation, together with frequency modulation. In phase modulation, the instantaneous
Phase_modulation
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
low-frequency radio waves, wavelength is on the scale of kilometers and building such a large antenna is not practical. Another purpose of modulation is
Signal_modulation
Computer bus used for data storage systems
Encoding schemes used included Frequency Modulation (FM), Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) and RLL encoding at frequencies for example ranging from 0.156 MHz
Hard_disk_drive_interface
Representation of a signal as a rectangular wave with varying duty cycle
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as
Pulse-width_modulation
Sinusoidal wave without any modulation
information through a process called modulation. One or more of the wave's properties, such as amplitude or frequency, are modified by an information-bearing signal
Carrier_wave
ISO standard
interchange on 90 mm (3,5 in) flexible disk cartridges using modified frequency modulation recording at 15 916 ftprad, on 80 tracks on each side) is a
ISO/IEC_9529
Frequency mixing function in signal processing
In electronics, ring modulation is a signal processing function, an implementation of frequency mixing, in which two signals are combined to yield an output
Ring_modulation
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
modulation is a class of signal modulation that is used in telecommunication transmission systems using carrier waves. The class comprises frequency modulation
Angle_modulation
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
quality compared to the previous frequency-division multiplexing schemes. In 1973, adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) was developed, by P
Pulse-code_modulation
Coding technique in communication technology
early methods of recording to magnetic disks, frequency modulation (FM) and modified frequency modulation (MFM), are actually degenerate RLL variants as
Run-length_limited
Radio transmission of audio by frequency modulation
FM broadcasting is a radio broadcasting method that uses frequency modulation (FM) transmissions. In November 1919, Hans Idzerda began broadcasts, using
FM_broadcasting
International standard for passive RFID item level identification
rate. The command data rate is 423.75 kbit/s encoded using modified frequency modulation (MFM). Tags reply to the interrogator by inductive coupling
ISO/IEC_18000-3
Data copying software
Coded Recording (GCR - Apple, Commodore), Frequency Modulation (FM - Atari), or Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM - Amiga, Atari, IBM PC). Software piracy
Bit_nibbler
Cartridge-based hard disk drive format
cartridge during manufacture. Data is encoded on the disk using Modified Frequency Modulation, where a one bit will result in a magnetic flux reversal on
RL01/RL02
Signal conversion technique
Delta modulation (DM, ΔM, or Δ-modulation) is an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal conversion technique used for transmission of voice information
Delta_modulation
MFD—Multi-function device MFJ—Modification of Final Judgment MFM—Modified Frequency Modulation MFP—Multi-function printer MFT—Master File Table MGCP—Media Gateway
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Digital optical disc data storage format
audio (44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using modified frequency modulation encoding. In September 1978, Sony demonstrated an optical digital
Compact_disc
Radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation
AM broadcasting is radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation (AM) transmissions. It was the first method developed for making audio radio transmissions
AM_broadcasting
Self-synchronizing line code
Differential Manchester encoding (DM) is a line code in digital frequency modulation in which data and clock signals are combined to form a single two-level
Differential Manchester encoding
Differential_Manchester_encoding
Floppy disk or optical disk drive made by Apple
made possible as the SuperDrive now utilitized the same MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) encoding scheme used by the IBM PC, yet still retained backward
SuperDrive
American data storage company
25-inch form factor of the Shugart mini-floppy drive. It used a Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) encoding and in the following year released a 10 MB version
Seagate_Technology
Controller for disk storage, usually integrated into the drive
They were typically implemented on a separate controller card. Modified frequency modulation (MFM) controllers were the most common type in small computers
Disk_controller
Data format used for audio compact discs
audio (44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using modified frequency modulation encoding. In September 1978, Sony demonstrated an optical digital
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
and a different, incompatible recording format called MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation). GCR and MFM drives (and their formatted disks) were incompatible
History_of_the_floppy_disk
Multidimensional modulation (MD modulation) is modifying or multiplying an MD signal (typically sinusoidal and referred to as the carrier signal) with
Multidimensional_modulation
Laser source with equal intervals of spectral lines
number of mechanisms exist for obtaining an optical frequency comb, including periodic modulation (in amplitude and/or phase) of a continuous-wave laser
Frequency_comb
fundamental frequency. Interference happens when two networks try to operate in the same band, or when their bands overlap. The two modulation methods used
List_of_WLAN_channels
Removable disk storage medium
encoding schemes such as differential Manchester encoding (DM), modified frequency modulation (MFM), M2FM and group coded recording (GCR). The 5.25-inch (130 mm)
Floppy_disk
Storage density for magnetic disks
with an improved line code, such as modified frequency modulation (MFM), modified modified frequency modulation (M²FM), FM/MFM or group coded recording
Disk_density
Variable bandwidth variant of Allan variance
The modified Allan variance (MVAR), also known as mod σy2(τ), is a variable bandwidth modified variant of Allan variance, a measurement of frequency stability
Modified_Allan_variance
interchange on 130 mm (5.25 in) flexible disk cartridges using modified frequency modulation recording at 7 958 ftprad, 3,8 tpmm (96 tpi), on both sides
List of ISO standards 8000–9999
List_of_ISO_standards_8000–9999
Method of overwriting data
generally Wiper, software used to maliciously erase data. For modified frequency modulation storage: Write a "1" in low order bit; a "0" in the next most
Data_erasure
Home computers produced by Amstrad
density disks; they were formatted as double density using modified frequency modulation. Discs were shipped in a paper sleeve or a hard plastic case
Amstrad_CPC
Measure of frequency stability in clocks and oscillators
a separate class of variance called modified Allan variance. The modified Allan variance measure is a frequency stability measure, just as is the Allan
Allan_variance
Incremental frequency keying, also known as IFK or IFK+, is a modified type of MFSK modulation where the data to be transmitted is represented by the difference
Incremental_frequency_keying
Non-commercial use of the radio spectrum
research. The principal voice modes are frequency modulation (FM), single sideband (SSB), and amplitude modulation (AM). FM offers high audio quality, SSB
Amateur_radio
8-bit microprocessor
3740 and System 34 formats and provides both Frequency Modulation (FM) or Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM). This version was available for US$38.10
Intel_8085
Device that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
vary the RMS voltage while maintaining a constant frequency with a technique called pulse-width modulation (PWM). The generated gate pulses are given to each
Power_inverter
Color encoding system for analogue television
579545 MHz for NTSC 3.58. The SECAM system, on the other hand, uses a frequency modulation scheme on its two line alternate colour subcarriers 4.25000 and 4
PAL
Signal able to be decoded without an outside source of synchronization
(PDH) signals Eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM) 4B5B 8b/10b encoding 64b/66b encoding HDLC Modified frequency modulation (MFM) Anisochronous Morse code
Self-clocking_signal
IEC standard
13.56 MHz (RFID HF). The main differences between these types concern modulation methods, coding schemes (Part 2) and protocol initialization procedures
ISO/IEC_14443
Measurement of a signal at discrete time intervals
nonlinear function. Digital audio systems typically employ pulse-code modulation (PCM) to encode sound as a series of discrete samples of the electrical
Sampling_(signal_processing)
Physical phenomenon
effects may significantly modify the shape of the resonance curves of harmonic oscillators. First of all, the resonance frequency ω {\displaystyle \omega
Nonlinear_resonance
modified once in 2008, and modified again to its current version in 2014. ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014 provides technical specifications for radio-frequency identification
ISO/IEC_18000-7
Electromagnetic wave range of 30–300 MHz
one meter. Frequencies immediately below VHF are denoted high frequency (HF), and the next higher frequencies are known as ultra high frequency (UHF). VHF
Very_high_frequency
American radio-frequency engineer and inventor (1890–1954)
February 1, 1954) was an American radio-frequency engineer and inventor who developed FM (frequency modulation) radio and the superheterodyne receiver
Edwin_Howard_Armstrong
Object detection system using radio waves
Another form of distance measuring radar is based on frequency modulation. In these systems, the frequency of the transmitted signal is changed over time.
Radar
its last 5¼-inch drives, the 1570 and 1571, compatible with Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM), to enable the Commodore 128 to work with CP/M disks from
Floppy_disk_variants
Discipline within Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT)
the interceptor does not hear engine noise or higher voice frequency than the voice modulation usually uses, even though the voice conversation is meaningful
Radiofrequency_MASINT
Frequencies on the radio spectrum used by television broadcasters in the Americas
signals are vestigial sideband modulation, if the beat products can be manipulated to fall on or near the Radio frequency carriers themselves, they are
Pan-American television frequencies
Pan-American_television_frequencies
Electromagnetic spectrum 300–3000 MHz
Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the
Ultra_high_frequency
Phenomenon whereby deviations from a periodic waveform are reinforced by nonlinearity
In the fields of nonlinear optics and fluid dynamics, modulational instability or sideband instability is a phenomenon whereby deviations from a periodic
Modulational_instability
Techniques and methods in signal processing
number of time–frequency samples needed. Conventionally, the operation of modulation and multiplexing concentrates in time or in frequency, separately.
Time–frequency_analysis
interchange on 200 mm (8 in) flexible disk cartridges using modified frequency modulation recording at 13 262 ftprad, 1,9 tpmm (48 tpi), on both sides
List of ISO standards 5000–7999
List_of_ISO_standards_5000–7999
allow better control over the modulation of the emitted signal and improve the stability of the transmitted frequency. For example, the Master Oscillator-Power
Radio_transmitter_design
Electronic device that alters audio
filters such as wah-wah pedals and graphic equalizers, which modify frequency ranges, modulation effects, such as chorus, flangers and phasers, pitch effects
Effects_unit
Quantum states light can be in
Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are the classical means to imprint information on a carrier field. (Frequency modulation is mathematically
Squeezed_states_of_light
Analog television system
This frequency was chosen so horizontal line-rate modulation components of the chrominance signal fall between the horizontal line-rate modulation components
NTSC
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
ideal channel." In 2001, V. Slyusar proposed non-orthogonal frequency digital modulation (N-OFDM) as an alternative of OFDM for communications systems
Non-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Non-orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media
code, which is also DC balanced Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) Run Length Limited (RLL) Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation (EFM) Error-correcting code Group
Group_coded_recording
Complex number representing a particular sine wave
is the modulation depth and f m {\displaystyle f_{m}} is the frequency of the modulating signal, then for amplitude modulation the two modulation phasors
Phasor
Land mobile radio system
power levels and modes (such as frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), and single-sideband modulation (SSB), often vary from country to
Citizens_band_radio
Topics referred to by the same term
Sound, a UK radio station MFM Radio, a French radio station Modified frequency modulation, a data encoding method used on floppy disks and older hard
MFM
Signals broadcast by GPS satellites
transmit several BPSK streams at the same frequency in quadrature, in a form of quadrature amplitude modulation. However, unlike typical QAM systems where
GPS_signals
Variation in the time intervals between heartbeats
beats into its frequency components, typically identifying two or three main peaks: Very Low Frequency (VLF) <0.04 Hz, Low Frequency (LF), 0.04–0.15 Hz
Heart_rate_variability
Classification of power amplifier
is conducting may be adjusted so a pulse-width modulation output (or other frequency based modulation) can be obtained from the stage. Additional letter
Power_amplifier_classes
Relationship among tones of the chromatic scale
to one another. Ascending by twelve justly tuned perfect fifths with a frequency ratio of 3:2 does not return exactly to the starting pitch class, but
Circle_of_fifths
US strategic communications system
virtually every radio frequency band from very low frequency (VLF) up to super high frequency (SHF), using a variety of modulations, encryptions and networks
TACAMO
Defunct American data storage company
for the Ampex Corporation, where he developed the basis for modified frequency modulation (MFM), a line code for magnetic data recording that doubled
Data_Disc
Device that both transmits and receives
transceivers use frequency modulation to send and receive data; however, any analog modulation scheme can be used (e.g. amplitude modulation or single-sideband
Transceiver
American longwave time signal radio station
Increasing the modulation depth of the WWVB time code to improve the performance of radio-controlled clocks (PDF). International Frequency Control Symposium
WWVB
Part of electronic warfare
strength. Frequency agility ("frequency hopping") may be used to rapidly switch the frequency of the transmitted energy, and receiving only that frequency during
Electronic counter-countermeasure
Electronic_counter-countermeasure
External floppy disk drive by Apple
industry. However most of the industry adopted a different Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) formatting scheme at a fixed rotational speed, incompatible
Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive
Operating system for Tandy TRS-80 computers
frequency modulation technique). Model III TRSDOS (culminating in version 1.3) supported 40-track disks formatted in double density (using modified frequency
TRSDOS
a fixed location. CB radios must include AM or SSB modulation and may include frequency modulation. If a radio includes SSB, it must transmit on the upper
CB_radio_in_the_United_States
Group of video-transmitting modulation modes
through long distances. In general, video modulation means that a higher frequency carrier wave is modified according to the original video signal. In
Video_modulation
Open radio protocol for long range RC models
other frequencies. Modulation schemes: LoRa for long range, FLRC and FSK for higher packet rates and lower latency. Frequency hopping: frequency-hopping
ExpressLRS
Tracking and communication system developed by NASA and JPL
measurement of its Doppler shift. For certain phase modulation (PM) downlinks, the uplink to downlink frequency ratio was exactly 221/240, with a coherent transponders
Unified_S-band
Spectrum of phonetic resonance in speech production
sound itself. In practice, the frequency of a spectral peak differs slightly from the associated resonance frequency, except when, by luck, harmonics
Formant
– Data interchange on 90 mm flexible disk cartridges using modified frequency modulation recording at 31 831 ftprad on 80 tracks on each side – ISO Type
List of ISO standards 10000–11999
List_of_ISO_standards_10000–11999
Process in electronics and telecommunications
synchronization/frequency stability. The signal's spectrum is determined by the modulation scheme and data rate used by the transmitter, but can be modified with
Pulse_shaping
Hand-held portable two-way communications device
Morris, Bill Vogel, Dan Noble, who conceived of the design using frequency modulation, and Henryk Magnuski, who was the principal RF engineer. The first
Walkie-talkie
Optoelectronics component
low RF frequencies) due to competition among several lasing modes. Intensity modulation of SLEDs can be easily achieved through direct modulation of the
Superluminescent_diode
expandable), arcade game Punch-Out!! NMOS chip, delta modulation channel (DMC) is for pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling, 7-bit DAC. Sega Sega Melody Generator
List_of_sound_chips
Guidance system for a landing aircraft
known as the amplitude modulation index, a measure of how strongly the amplitude modulation is applied to the carrier frequency. In the earlier beam systems
Instrument_landing_system
Quality of a musical note or sound or tone
characteristics that govern timbre include frequency spectrum and envelope. Musicians can change timbre by modifying their singing or playing techniques. For
Timbre
Type of radar equipment
Coherent pulsed (CP), Pulse-Doppler radar, Continuous wave (CW), or Frequency modulation (FM). Doppler allows the use of narrow band receiver filters that
Doppler_radar
Periodic rectangular waveform
pulse modulation techniques include Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM), where the frequency of the pulses is varied, and pulse-density modulation (PDM)
Pulse_wave
Standards for terrestrial television signals
radio-frequency carrier and transmitted through an antenna. All analog television systems use vestigial sideband modulation, a form of amplitude modulation
Broadcast_television_systems
Integral transform and linear operator
_{m}(t))} is called angle modulation, which includes both phase modulation and frequency modulation. The instantaneous frequency is ω + φ m ′ ( t ) . {\displaystyle
Hilbert_transform
single or double sided, with 40 tracks per side. They are Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) coded in 512 byte sectors, giving a formatted capacity
Timeline_of_binary_prefixes
Modem standard developed by Bell System in 1976
packet radio stations, despite its low signalling speed. A modified Bell 202 AFSK modulation, a common physical layer for AX.25, remains the standard for
Bell_202
Signal processing algorithm
remapping, time-frequency reassignment, and modified moving-window method. The method of reassignment sharpens blurry time-frequency data by relocating
Reassignment_method
Vehicle in the American presidential motorcade
voice being digitized using 12 kbit/s Continuously Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD) and then encrypted using a National Security Agency (NSA) Commercial
WHCA_Roadrunner
Project to analyze the ionosphere
The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is a University of Alaska Fairbanks program which researches the ionosphere – the highest,
High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program
High-frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program
within amateur radio frequencies to increase the power and coverage of an 802.11 signal. The idea behind this implementation is to modify commercial 802.11
High-speed_multimedia_radio
Brazilian musician (born 1969)
Practice of Modified Frequency Modulation Synthesis". Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. 58 (6): 459–471. "Automatic Calibration of Modified FM Synthesis
Victor_Lazzarini
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
Girl/Female
Latin English
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Prolific; Frequently Producing
Surname or Lastname
English (also frequent in Wales)
English (also frequent in Wales) : patronymic from the personal name Watkin.
Surname or Lastname
Swedish (also frequent in Finland)
Swedish (also frequent in Finland) : ornamental name from an unexplained first element + the suffix -lin or -in, common suffixes of surnames.French (Hélin) : from a pet form of Hélie (see Helie 1).French (Hélin) : from the Germanic personal name Heilin, a short form of any of various compound names with the first element heil (see Heilmann 2).English : variant of Hillian.
Surname or Lastname
English (most frequent in northern Ireland)
English (most frequent in northern Ireland) : from Middle English fe(i)th ‘belief (especially Christian belief)’, ‘faithfulness’, ‘loyalty’. This may have been a nickname for a trustworthy person, but was more probably bestowed on one who used ‘Faith!’ frequently as a mild oath or exclamation.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Peacock- modified
Boy/Male
English American
A name beginning with D, also frequently used as an independent name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Perhaps a variant of Newborn. This name occurs frequently in NC.
Surname or Lastname
English (Dorset)
English (Dorset) : unexplained. This name is frequent in Nova Scotia.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : unexplained. This is a frequent name in OH.
Girl/Female
Latin
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Girl/Female
Latin American English
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Surname or Lastname
English (frequent in eastern England)
English (frequent in eastern England) : ethnic name from Norman French aleman ‘German’ or alemayne ‘Germany’ (Late Latin Alemannus and Alemannia, from a Germanic tribal name that probably originally meant ‘all the men’). In some cases the surname may be from the region of Normandy known as Allemagne (south of Caen), probably named as a Germanic-speaking enclave in a Celtic area in Roman times. In North America, the form Allman has probably absorbed some cases of cognates from other languages, in particular Spanish Aleman and French Alleman.German (Allmann) : variant of Allemann (see Alleman) or in some cases probably an Americanized form of the same name.
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who remembers God frequently
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Byerly. In England this is the more frequent spelling.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
One who Remembers God Frequently
Boy/Male
English American
Tile layer, or a. An English surname frequently used as a given name.
Girl/Female
Latin
Beautiful, loving, lovable.Amabel was used frequently during the Middle Ages and briefly in the...
Girl/Female
Tamil
Navilla | நாவிலà¯à®²à®¾
Peacock- modified
Navilla | நாவிலà¯à®²à®¾
Boy/Male
English American
Tile layer, or a. An English surname frequently used as a given name.
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Kannada, Muslim
Flowers; Blossoms
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Moon Light
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Son of God
Boy/Male
Tamil
Conqueror of the earth
Girl/Female
Muslim
Mubashshara | مباششآرا
Giver of good news
Boy/Male
Hindu
Modesty
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Praiser; Worshipper
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Glory; Fame
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Lakshmi
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Yehowshaphat, JEHOSHAPHAT means "God has judged" or "whom God judges." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including a king of Judah.
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
MODIFIED FREQUENCY-MODULATION
n.
One who codifies.
a.
Modified; limited; as, a qualified statement.
a.
Capable of being modified; liable to modification.
n.
A crowd; a throng; a concourse.
imp. & p. p.
of Modify
n.
Frequency.
n.
Frequency; abundance.
v. t.
To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon.
pl.
of Frequency
n.
The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.
n.
Commonness; frequency.
a.
Sweetened; mollified.
n.
A kind of modified damask or brocade.
n.
Infrequency.
n.
A crowd; a throng.
n.
Frequency.
imp. & p. p.
of Codify
n.
One who, or that which, modifies.
adv.
At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.
n.
Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, frequent visits.