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Matter and radiation in the space between the star systems in a galaxy
The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas in ionic
Interstellar_medium
Interstellar cloud in the Milky Way Galaxy
Bubble, a low-density region of the galactic interstellar medium. Within this region is the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), an area of slightly higher hydrogen
Local_Interstellar_Cloud
Region of space dominated by the Sun
physics terms, it is the cavity formed by the Sun in the surrounding interstellar medium. The "bubble" of the heliosphere is continuously "inflated" by plasma
Heliosphere
Dust floating in space
in the outflows of carbon stars. or by processes occurring in the interstellar medium. Cosmic dust was once solely an annoyance to astronomers, as it obscures
Cosmic_dust
Void between celestial bodies
galaxy. Interstellar space contains an interstellar medium of sparse matter and radiation. The boundary between an astrosphere and interstellar space is
Outer_space
Hypothetical travel between stars or planetary systems
harvested from the interstellar medium, or projected over immense distances. A knowledge of the properties of the interstellar gas and dust through
Interstellar_travel
Chemical compound, tautomer of hydrogen cyanide
in the field of astrochemistry is linked to its ubiquity in the interstellar medium. Both hydrogen isocyanide and azanylidyniummethanide are correct
Hydrogen_isocyanide
Study of molecules in the Universe and their reactions
The term may refer to studies within both the Solar System and the interstellar medium. The investigation of elemental abundances and isotope ratios in
Astrochemistry
Interstellar absorption and scattering of light
kiloparsec. For Earth-bound observers, extinction arises both from the interstellar medium and the Earth's atmosphere; it may also arise from circumstellar
Extinction_(astronomy)
Study of the Milky Way galaxy and its contents
Interplanetary medium - interplanetary dust Interstellar space - Interstellar medium - interstellar dust Intergalactic space - Intergalactic medium - Intergalactic
Galactic_astronomy
Accumulation of gas, plasma, and dust in space
differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium, the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star
Interstellar_cloud
NASA space probe launched in 1977
heliosphere and to begin exploring the interstellar medium. Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space on August 25, 2012, making it
Voyager_1
This is a list of molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes, grouped by the number of component atoms.
List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules
Chemical compound
passed through it. While cyanogen is believed to be abundant in the interstellar medium, it is not able to be directly detected via radio astronomy, as its
Cyanogen
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
interplanetary medium between the bodies of the Solar System. At around 70–90 AU from the Sun, the solar wind is halted by the interstellar medium, resulting
Solar_System
Galaxy in the constellation Virgo
it is truncated—possibly by an encounter with another galaxy. Its interstellar medium consists of diffuse gas enriched by elements emitted from evolved
Messier_87
NASA space probe launched in 1977
1989. The spacecraft is now in its extended mission of studying the interstellar medium. It is at a distance of 143.05 AU (21.4 billion km; 13.3 billion mi)
Voyager_2
Interstellar cloud located next to the Local Interstellar Cloud
G-Cloud is part of the Very Local Interstellar Medium which begins where the heliosphere and interplanetary medium end. The G-Cloud was formed along with
G-Cloud
Polyatomic ion (H3, charge +1)
the universe. It is stable in the interstellar medium (ISM) due to the low temperature and low density of interstellar space. The role that H+3 plays in
Trihydrogen_cation
Proposed spacecraft propulsion method
of spacecraft propulsion for interstellar travel. A fast moving spacecraft scoops up hydrogen from the interstellar medium using an enormous funnel-shaped
Bussard_ramjet
Ice that forms in the interstellar medium
Interstellar ice consists of grains of volatiles in the ice phase that form in the interstellar medium. Ice and dust grains form the primary material out
Interstellar_ice
Light from the stars
The interstellar medium can produce circularly polarized (CP) light from unpolarized light by sequential scattering from elongated interstellar grains
Starlight
Material which fills the Solar System
comets, move. The IPM stops at the heliopause, outside of which the interstellar medium begins. Before 1950, interplanetary space was widely considered to
Interplanetary_medium
Subfield of cosmology
the interstellar medium. Complex multi-phase structure, including relativistic particles and magnetic field, makes simulation of interstellar medium difficult
Galaxy formation and evolution
Galaxy_formation_and_evolution
X-ray binary in the constellation Scutum
to its location in the plane of the Milky Way and the high level of interstellar extinction, detailed study of the system was impossible for several decades
IRAS_18293−0941
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
position of the pulsar, its proper motion, the electron content of the interstellar medium along the propagation path, the orbital parameters of any binary
Pulsar
Shock wave caused by blowing stellar wind
typically the edge of the astrosphere, where the stellar wind meets the interstellar medium. The defining criterion of a shock wave is that the bulk velocity
Bow_shock
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX or Explorer 91 or SMEX-10) is a NASA satellite in Earth orbit that uses energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) to image the
Interstellar Boundary Explorer
Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer
Isotope of aluminium
produced in supernovae ejecting many radioactive nuclides in the interstellar medium. The isotope is believed to be crucial for the evolution of planetary
Aluminium-26
Ongoing NASA interstellar program
The Voyager program is an American scientific program that employs two interstellar probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. They were launched in 1977 to take advantage
Voyager_program
Topics referred to by the same term
up interstellar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Interstellar or Interstella may refer to: Interstellar space Interstellar medium Interstellar travel
Interstellar
Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Sextans
energetic photons, which have traveled through a virtually dust free interstellar medium (ISM), leaving the immediate surroundings of MoM-z14 partially ionized
MoM-z14
Chemical compound
can be prepared from acrolein. Propynal has been observed in the interstellar medium. It is hypothesized to be formed from a carbon monoxide-acetylene
Propiolaldehyde
Chemical compound
ethylene oxide) to be detected in space. Its stability in the (dilute) interstellar medium shows that its tautomerization does not happen unimolecularly, a
Vinyl_alcohol
Any molecule with a cyano group (C≡N)
radical •CN has been identified in interstellar space. Cyanogen, (CN)2, is used to measure the temperature of interstellar gas clouds. Hydrogen cyanide is
Cyanide
Proposed NASA space probe to travel 1000 AU from the Sun
explore the interstellar medium. McNutt, Ralph; Paul, Michael; Brandt, Pontus; Kinnison, Jim. "Interstellar Probe: Humanity's Journey to Interstellar Space"
Interstellar Probe (spacecraft)
Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)
Galaxy containing the Solar System
gravitational influence of the Galactic bar, the structure of the interstellar medium and stars in the disk of the Milky Way is organized into four spiral
Milky_Way
Chemical compound
a low-pressure system.[citation needed] Methyl was discovered in interstellar medium in 2000 by a team led by Helmut Feuchtgruber who detected it using
Methyl_radical
Chemical acid found in vinegar
has the distinction of being the first molecule discovered in the interstellar medium using solely radio interferometers; in all previous ISM molecular
Acetic_acid
Star cluster in the constellation of Taurus
but are now considered likely to be an unrelated dust cloud in the interstellar medium through which the stars are currently passing. This dust cloud is
Pleiades
Gravitational process studied in astronomy
a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star
Star_formation
Star at the centre of the Solar System
Helps Solve Interstellar Medium Mystery" (Press release). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. "Interstellar Mission"
Sun
Type of interstellar cloud
formation of H II regions. This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas. Molecular hydrogen is difficult
Molecular_cloud
Astrophysical phenomenon
light. This drives an expanding shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium, sweeping up an expanding shell of gas and dust observed as a supernova
Supernova
Binary star system in the constellation Vela
the spectrum of Kappa Velorum shows absorption lines due to the interstellar medium between Earth and the star. Observation of these features over many
Kappa_Velorum
NASA heliophysics mission
energetic particles and interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium. These science topics are coupled because particles accelerated in
Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe
Interstellar_Mapping_and_Acceleration_Probe
Chemical compound
metastable isomer of cyanogen which has also been detected in the interstellar medium. It is polar and is a ylide. Besides the obvious isomer cyanogen
Isocyanogen
Chemical compound
cylinders. Ammonia occurs in nature and has been detected in the interstellar medium. Ammonia boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere
Ammonia
1996 American crewed spaceflight and longest duration Space Shuttle mission
Ultraviolet (FUV) Spectrograph Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Spectrograph Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS) Surface Effects Sample Monitor
STS-80
Family of organic compounds
Osamura, Y.; Bettinger, H. F. (2000). "Formation of nitriles in the interstellar medium via reactions of cyano radicals, CN(X2Σ+), with unsaturated hydrocarbons"
Cyanopolyyne
Physical magneto-optical phenomenon
measures given a knowledge of the electron number density in the interstellar medium. In the case of radio pulsars, the dispersion caused by these electrons
Faraday_effect
Chemical compound
into full-scale production. This molecule has been detected in the interstellar medium, where molecules are so dilute that intermolecular collisions are
Aluminium_monochloride
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
Belt – this runaway star has been observed to be moving through the interstellar medium at a speed of 30 km/s, creating a bow shock over four light-years
Betelgeuse
Chemical compound; strongest known acid
acid—stronger than even fluoroantimonic acid—its occurrence in the interstellar medium had been conjectured since the 1970s, and it was finally detected
Helium_hydride_ion
Branch of astronomy
supernovae. The interstellar medium is a melting pot of gas and dust emitted from stars. The composition of the interstellar medium is the result of
Dust_astronomy
Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo
H. Van; Lamb, S. A. Lamb (15 June 2006). "The Evolution of the Interstellar Medium in the Mildly Disturbed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4647". The Astrophysical
NGC_4647
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
Infrared astronomy has detected methane in molecular clouds of the interstellar medium. The Curiosity rover has documented seasonal fluctuations of atmospheric
Methane
Arc of energetic neutral atoms at the heliosphere boundary
the local interstellar medium itself, particularly related to the propagation of neutral density enhancements ("H-waves") along the interstellar magnetic
IBEX_ribbon
Proposed spacecraft propulsion method
from Earth, thrust (drag) for deceleration for the magsail in the interstellar medium is relatively large, and both the magsail and magnetoplasma sail
Magnetic_sail
Topics referred to by the same term
Polish rapper formerly known as "Medium" Interplanetary medium, material that fills the Solar System Interstellar medium, the matter and energy between
Medium
Aqueous cation H3O+
molecular ion in the interstellar medium and is found in diffuse and dense molecular clouds as well as the plasma tails of comets. Interstellar sources of hydronium
Hydronium
Large self-illuminated object in space
supernova explosions return chemically enriched material to the interstellar medium. These elements are then recycled into new stars. Astronomers can
Star
Measurement of electromagnetic radiation for astronomy
be a more accurate method than parallax or standard candles. The interstellar medium is matter that occupies the space between star systems in a galaxy
Astronomical_spectroscopy
Timeline of knowledge about the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium: 1848 – Lord Rosse studies M1 and names it the Crab Nebula. The telescope
Timeline of knowledge about the interstellar and intergalactic medium
Timeline_of_knowledge_about_the_interstellar_and_intergalactic_medium
Remnants of an exploded star
the surrounding interstellar medium. When the supernova remnant slows to the speed of the random velocities in the surrounding medium, after roughly 30
Supernova_remnant
Small patches of nebulosity associated with newly born stars
rapidly away from their parent star into the gas clouds of interstellar space (the interstellar medium or ISM). Hubble Space Telescope observations have revealed
Herbig–Haro_object
Stream of charged particles from the Sun
penetrated the Alfvén surface. The solar wind "blows a bubble" in the interstellar medium (the rarefied hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the galaxy)
Solar_wind
Barred spiral galaxy in the Local Group
2019 at 1.5×1012 M☉. In addition to stars, the Andromeda Galaxy's interstellar medium contains at least 7.2×109 M☉ in the form of neutral hydrogen, at
Andromeda_Galaxy
Spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
of the emission at infrared wavelengths originates from interstellar dust. This interstellar dust is found primarily within the galaxy's spiral arms,
Messier_81
Body of interstellar clouds
fog'; pl. nebulae or nebulas) is a distinct luminescent part of interstellar medium, which can consist of ionized, neutral, or molecular hydrogen and
Nebula
Grouping of stars by similar metallicity
have thoroughly dispersed their material, ejecting metals into the interstellar medium (ISM), to be incorporated into the later generations of stars. Their
Stellar_population
Process of creating new atomic nuclei from existing nucleons
stellar nucleosynthesis. Cosmic ray spallation can occur in the interstellar medium, on asteroids and meteoroids, or on Earth in the atmosphere or in
Nucleosynthesis
Space probe that can travel out of the Solar System
An interstellar probe is a space probe that has left—or is expected to leave—the Solar System and enter interstellar space, which is typically defined
Interstellar_probe
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol
Methanol
List of space missions by NASA
operational – flybys of Jupiter and Saturn; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; most distant human-made object Voyager 2, launched August 1977,
List_of_NASA_missions
American astrophysicist
Stanford Center for Decoding the Universe. Her work focuses on the interstellar medium. She was awarded the Helen B. Warner Prize for Astronomy in 2025
Susan_E._Clark
Visual grouping of five galaxies
intervening lines are caused by the quasar's light crossing the interstellar medium NGC 7319. NGC 7343 and NGC 7336 lie in the background of Stephan's
Stephan's_Quintet
Subfield of astronomy
(solar physics), other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium, and the cosmic microwave background. Emissions from these objects
Astrophysics
American physicist and astronaut (1951–2012)
(both in physics) for research on the interaction of X-rays with the interstellar medium. She was selected as a mission specialist astronaut with NASA Astronaut
Sally_Ride
Distance that light travels in one year
parsec, light-years are also popularly used to gauge the expanses of interstellar and intergalactic space. Distances expressed in light-years include those
Light-year
Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo
4476 is not sufficient to cause sufficient effects on the galaxy's interstellar medium. Surprisingly, there is an absence of H I in the inner regions of
NGC_4476
Star-forming region in the constellation Serpens
form (the interstellar medium). Most of the gas in W40 is in the form of molecular clouds, the coldest, densest phase of the interstellar medium, which is
Westerhout_40
Cavity hundreds of light years across created by strong stellar winds in a galaxy
(106 K) gas atoms, less dense than the surrounding interstellar medium, blown against that medium and carved out by multiple supernovae and stellar winds
Superbubble
Smallest unit of a chemical element
have a much higher concentration, with the density of matter in the interstellar medium (ISM) ranging from 105 to 109 atoms/m3. The Sun is believed to be
Atom
Proposed Chinese interstellar space probes
Earth and Jupiter, and heliosphere science. The heliosphere and the interstellar medium have so far been explored by only three NASA probes: Voyager 1, Voyager
Shensuo
Interstellar cloud composed of neutral atomic hydrogen
An HI region or H I region (read H one) is a cloud in the interstellar medium composed of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI), in addition to the local abundance
H_I_region
Chemical compound
mononitride was the first identified phosphorus compound in the interstellar medium and is even thought to be an important molecule in the atmospheres
Phosphorus_mononitride
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
chemical evolution of the Milky Way by expelling elements into the interstellar medium from stars where those elements were created. Planetary nebulae are
Planetary_nebula
Indian astronomer and science historian
Society of India. He has co-authored the book Essential Astrophysics: Interstellar Medium to Stellar Remnants, CRC Press, 2019. "Space Museum opened at Hyderabad
Pranav_Sharma
Aspect of physical cosmology
returned to the interstellar medium, a degenerate remnant will be left behind whose mass is not returned to the interstellar medium. Therefore, the supply
Future of an expanding universe
Future_of_an_expanding_universe
Mass per unit volume
Physics Factbook". hypertextbook.com. "Our Local Galactic Neighborhood". Interstellar Probe Project. NASA. 2000. Archived from the original on November 21
Density
Contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its gravity
holes. Star formation involves a gradual gravitational collapse of interstellar medium into clumps of molecular clouds and potential protostars. The compression
Gravitational_collapse
Instrument on board the Voyager space probes
PWS was used to play the "sounds of interstellar space" as the spacecraft can sample the local interstellar medium after they departed the Sun's heliosphere
Plasma_Wave_Subsystem
Absorption features in astronomical spectra
other galaxies. They are caused by the absorption of light by the interstellar medium. Circa 500 bands have now been seen, in ultraviolet, visible and
Diffuse_interstellar_bands
Chemical compound
Carbon monophosphide is a diatomic chemical with formula CP. It is a heavier analog of the cyanide radical (CN). CP and CN are both open-shell species
Carbon_monophosphide
System of stars and interstellar matter
system of stars, planetary systems, stellar remnants, substellar objects, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. The word is derived
Galaxy
Nuclides predating the Earth's formation (found on Earth)
before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the interstellar medium from which the Solar System was formed, and were formed in the Big
Primordial_nuclide
Location of Earth in the Universe
(2000). "A 5-fluid hydrodynamic approach to model the Solar System-interstellar medium interaction" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 357: 268. Bibcode:2000A&A
Location_of_Earth
Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)
Peacock. Kaplan, S. A.; Pikelner, S. B. (1970). "Interstellar Hydrogen". The Interstellar Medium. pp. 1–77. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674493988.c1.
Hydrogen
Interstellar comet in 2025
3I/ATLAS, also known as C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) and previously as A11pl3Z, is an interstellar comet discovered on 1 July 2025 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last
3I/ATLAS
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