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Computing by new or unusual methods
Unconventional computing (also known as alternative computing or nonstandard computation) is computing by any of a wide range of new or unusual methods
Unconventional_computing
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
Neuromorphic quantum computing (abbreviated 'n.quantum computing') is an unconventional process of computing that uses neuromorphic computing to perform quantum
Quantum_computing
Programmable machine that processes data
computers Pulse computation TOP500 (list of most powerful computers) Unconventional computing According to Schmandt-Besserat 1981, these clay containers contained
Computer
Computer that uses photons or light waves
Optical computing or photonic computing uses light waves produced by lasers or incoherent sources for data processing, data storage or data communication
Optical_computing
Concept in computer science
computing Superconducting quantum computing – Quantum computing implementation Uncomputation – Quantum computing technique Unconventional computing –
Reversible_computing
British computer scientist
scientist, who is a Director of the Unconventional Computing Laboratory and Professor in Unconventional Computing at the Department of Computer Science
Andrew_Adamatzky
Computing using molecular biology hardware
DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional
DNA_computing
Integrated circuit technology
Neuromorphic computing is a computing approach inspired by the human brain's structure and function. It uses artificial neurons to perform computations
Neuromorphic_computing
American businessman
Unconventional Computing beyond Quantum | Sridhar Tayur | TEDxCMU, 5 October 2020, retrieved 2021-07-19 Tayur, Sridhar (2021-02-03). "Unconventional Computing:
Sridhar_Tayur
Set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards
Standard (disambiguation) Trope (literature) Unconventional computing Unconventional superconductor Unconventional wind turbines David Kalupahana, Nagarjuna:
Convention_(norm)
Thin film of soapy water enclosing air
designed. It is actually sometimes easier to physically make them than to compute them by mathematical modelling. This is why the soap films can be considered
Soap_bubble
American computer engineer
Washington. Her research concerns computer architecture, green computing, and unconventional computing including DNA digital data storage. When Strauss and Luis
Karin_Strauss
Biological molecules for computations
Nanobiotechnology Organoid intelligence Peptide computing Wetware computer Unconventional computing Wispelway. June. "Nanobiotechnology: The Integration of Nanoengineering
Biological_computing
Activity involving calculations or computing machinery
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic
Computing
Method of solving computing problems
sets. Lateral computing is a fuzzy set of all computing techniques which use unconventional computing approach. Hence Lateral computing includes those
Lateral_computing
Computer that uses ternary logic
system Ternary signal Unconventional computing – Computing by new or unusual methods Connelly, Jeff (2008). "Ternary Computing Testbed 3-Trit Computer
Ternary_computer
Type of recurrent neural network with random and non-trainable internal structure
has been reported in. Deep learning Extreme learning machines Unconventional computing Tanaka, Gouhei; Yamane, Toshiyuki; Héroux, Jean Benoit; Nakane
Reservoir_computing
Person skilled in information technology
these uses, “hacking” often refers more broadly to rapid, inventive or unconventional problem-solving ("Life hack") rather than unauthorised access. Because
Hacker
System of microelectromechanical devices
network TinyOS Ubiquitous computing – Concept in software engineering and computer science Unconventional computing – Computing by new or unusual methods
Smartdust
Indian physicist and nanoscientist
nanoscientist known for his research in molecular electronics, unconventional computing, and biophysics of consciousness. He is currently a Principal Research
Anirban_Bandyopadhyay
Computing using random bit streams
Stochastic computing is a collection of techniques that represent continuous values by streams of random bits. Complex computations can then be computed by simple
Stochastic_computing
Solving problems using biological models
Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology
Bio-inspired_computing
Computer composed of organic material
vat Chemical computer Quantum computer Unconventional computing Wetware (brain) Biosensor Biological computing Machine olfaction Neural processing unit
Wetware_computer
Problem of finding a cycle through all vertices of a graph
on conventional computers, they have also been studied in unconventional models of computing. For instance, Leonard Adleman showed that the Hamiltonian
Hamiltonian_path_problem
Solid-state electronics based on electron spin
Spin-transfer torque Spinhenge@Home Spinmechatronics Spinplasmonics Unconventional computing Valleytronics List of emerging technologies Multiferroics Wolf
Spintronics
Elementary cellular automaton
(2006). "Gliders in Rule 110" (PDF). International Journal of Unconventional Computing. 2: 1–49. Martínez, Genaro J.; McIntosh, Harold V.; Mora, Juan
Rule_110
Trial and error problem solvers with a metaheuristic or stochastic optimization character
Evolutionary computing as a field began in earnest in the 1950s and 1960s. There were several independent attempts to use the process of evolution in computing at
Evolutionary_computation
Area within computer science
Modeling biological systems Unconventional computing Păun, Gheorghe. "Introduction to Membrane Computing" (PDF). Natural Computing Lab. U.S. patent 20,090
Membrane_computing
Device performing a Boolean function
Propositional calculus Race hazard Reversible computing Superconducting computing Truth table Unconventional computing Jaeger (1997). Microelectronic Circuit
Logic_gate
Indian computer scientist
scientist specializing in automata theory, picture languages, and unconventional computing. She is retired as a professor of computer science and engineering
Kamala_Krithivasan
Canadian professor
particular for problems in parallel computing and unconventional computing. Akl is currently Director of the School of Computing at Queen's University. He is
Selim_Akl
Dutch computer scientist
is a member of editorial board of the International Journal of Unconventional Computing. Peper F, Lee J, Adachi S, et al., "Laying out circuits on asynchronous
Ferdinand_Peper
formation) Unconventional computing The Amorphous Computing Home Page A collection of papers and links at the MIT AI lab Amorphous Computing (Communications
Amorphous_computing
Type of conservative logic circuit
systems with only one ball are capable of universal computation. Unconventional computing Fluidics Fredkin, Edward; Toffoli, Tommaso (1982), "Conservative
Billiard-ball_computer
Logic circuitry that requires low temperatures to achieve superconductivity
magnetic flux (fluxoid). As of 2023, superconducting computing is a form of cryogenic computing, as superconductive electronic circuits require cooling
Superconducting_computing
Discrete model of computation
support system – Computerised aid to land use decisions Unconventional computing – Computing by new or unusual methods Daniel Dennett (1995), Darwin's
Cellular_automaton
Sub-field of ultracold atomic physics
creating portable experimental setups is an active area of research. Unconventional computing Amico, L.; Boshier, M.; Birkl, G.; Minguzzi, A.; Miniatura, C.;
Atomtronics
Physicist (1955–2018)
quantum computing, statistical mechanics, polymer science, and chemical kinetics. He also made numerous contributions to the field of unconventional computing
Vladimir_Privman
Form of computing using molecular biology
Computational complexity theory DNA computing Molecular electronics Parallel computing Unconventional computing Molecular logic gate M. Sakthi Balan;
Peptide_computing
non-traditional computing technologies such as molecular computing (unconventional computing and non-silicon computing). International Journal of Unconventional Computing
Non-silicon_robot
Methods that imitate, replicate or use natural processes
engineering Unconventional computing – Computing by new or unusual methods G.Rozenberg, T.Back, J.Kok, Editors, Handbook of Natural Computing, Springer
Natural_computing
Coordination of multiple robots as a system
decentralized, self-organized systems Swarm robotic platforms Unconventional computing – Computing by new or unusual methods Unmanned aerial vehicle – Aircraft
Swarm_robotics
Neuromorphic data-processing model
fields, to perform classification tasks. The receptron bridges unconventional computing and neural network principles, enabling solutions that do not require
Receptron
Physically interactive user interface
Kinetic user interface Natural user interface Organic user interface Unconventional computing Ishii, Hiroshi (2008). "Tangible bits". Proceedings of the 2nd
Tangible_user_interface
Computers using chaotic systems
physiology, or the behavior of a stock market. Chua's circuit Unconventional computing Sinha, Sudeshna; Ditto, William (1998). "Dynamics Based Computation"
Chaos_computing
Non-stick droplets
and cells, micro-fluidics devices, and have even been used in unconventional computing. Liquid marbles remain stable on solid and liquid surfaces. Statics
Liquid_marbles
British computer scientist
where she worked on unconventional computing. She has worked on physical computation and the programming requirements for unconventional requirements. She
Susan_Stepney
Maurice (2008). Cellular Automata in Hyperbolic Spaces. Advances in unconventional computing and cellular automata. Vol. 2. Archives contemporaines. p. 79.
Negafibonacci_coding
American Biotech company
computer Artificial neural network Chemical computer Unconventional computing Biosensor Biological computing Machine olfaction Shapshak, Toby. "Putting Neurons
Koniku
2010). "Unwinding performance and power on Colossus, an unconventional computer". Natural Computing. 10 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1383–1405
History_of_computing_hardware
Computer systems capable of one petaFLOPS
Petascale computing refers to high-power computing systems capable of performing at least 1 quadrillion (1015) arithmetic, or floating-point operations
Petascale_computing
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
Logical effort Logic optimization Microelectronics Oscilloscope Unconventional computing An example of an early asynchronous digital computer was the Jaincomp-B1
Digital_electronics
Critique of planned economies
Argument from Cantor Diagonalisation (PDF). International Journal of Unconventional Computing. Retrieved 13 March 2008. Lavoie, Don (1985). Rivalry and central
Economic_calculation_problem
Mechanical computer built using dominoes
modules. It is possible to use this phenomenon for constructing unconventional computing tools. The base phenomenon is sufficient to achieve this goal,
Domino_computer
Use of a fluid to perform analog or digital operations
Water integrator Microfluidics Bio-MEMS Lab-on-a-chip MONIAC Unconventional computing Nguyen, Quynh; Abouezzi, Joanna; Ristroph, Leif (2021-05-17). "Early
Fluidics
American multinational technology company
designed specifically for quantum computing. The development caused a noticeable market surge for allied quantum computing companies. During the same month
Nvidia
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
information theory Chomsky hierarchy Church–Turing thesis Computability theory Inner loop Loop (computing) Machine that always halts Rice's theorem S m n theorem
Turing_completeness
British computer scientist
"science into fiction" short stories, based on the themes of "unconventional computing" and artificial life, with accompanying afterwords written by consultant
Martyn_Amos
Zimbabwean AI researcher (born 1936)
meta-configured altricial information-processing systems, in Int. Journal of Unconventional Computing, 3,3, pp. 211–239, 2007. Cognitive architecture Sloman, Aaron.
Aaron_Sloman
Varying application boundaries
"The empty brain", Aeon, 18 May 2016.[130] For non-binary computing, see Unconventional computing. Karl Aschenbrenner, The concept of coherence in art. Dordrecht:
Fuzzy_concept
Japanese computer scientist (1949–2025)
Automata: Fantastic Phenomena and Computing in Artificial Reversible Universe (WSPC Book Series in Unconventional Computing 4, World Scientific, 2025, doi:10
Kenichi_Morita
American multinational technology company
U.S. patents generated by a business. IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers
IBM
June 2013. "NASA, Google and USRA establish Quantum Computing Research Collaboration; 20% of Computing Time will be Provided to the University Community"
D-Wave_Two
Branch of nanotechnology
conductance Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling Unconventional computing Petty, M.C.; Bryce, M.R. & Bloor, D. (1995). Introduction to Molecular
Molecular-scale_electronics
Field of technology
Chemically Reactive Electronic Agents". International Journal of Unconventional Computing. 8 (4): 289–299. "An EU integrated project in IT: FP6-IST-FET-002035
Living_technology
Taiwanese and American businessman (born 1963)
1990s and oversaw its expansion into GPU production, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Under Huang, Nvidia experienced rapid
Jensen_Huang
Molecule that performs a logical operation
chemistry Molecular switch Photoswitch Molecular memory Quantum computing Unconventional computing Margulies, David; Melman, Galina; Shanzer, Abraham (2006-04-01)
Molecular_logic_gate
Term in logistics
This stacking pattern does not compute logically to TI-HI applications. Pallets with non-standard Ti-Hi are unconventional. Commonwealth of Australia (2012)
TI-HI
Dutch computer scientist (1930–2002)
debate on teaching computing science. Comm. ACM. 32 (12): 1398–1404. doi:10.1145/76380.76381. S2CID 16961489. — (1999). "Computing Science: Achievements
Edsger_W._Dijkstra
Unconventional computer based on a semi-solid chemical "soup"
were able to compute binary logic gates, and perform pattern recognition. Molecular logic gate Computer Quantum computing DNA computing Biocomputing Organic
Chemical_computer
English architect and theorist (born 1961)
Creative & Design Center. Sterling, Bruce (18 February 2010). "Unconventional Computing and Architecture". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 23 April 2025
Neil_Spiller
English mathematician, philosopher, and engineer (1791–1871)
B. Jack (18 December 2000). "The Modern History of Computing". The Modern History of Computing (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia
Charles_Babbage
Computer hacker who hacks ethically
side of right. The computing sense developed from this wider moral contrast. The Oxford English Dictionary records white hat in computing slang from 1990
White_hat_(computer_security)
American computer scientist
ISBN 1-85233-475-4 From Utopian to Genuine Unconventional Computers (ed. with Andrew Adamatzky), 2006 Unconventional Computing 2007 (ed. with Andrew Adamatzky,
Christof_Teuscher
American mathematician and information theorist (1915–1998)
Association for Computing Machinery from 1958 to 1960. In 1960, he predicted that one day half of the Bell Labs budget would be spent on computing. None of his
Richard_Hamming
Italian performance artist
contributed to the field of human-computer interaction, by creating unconventional computing techniques to physically interface human and machine. In Hypo Chrysos
Marco_Donnarumma
GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia
(November 12, 2024). "60 direct reports, but no 1-on-1 meetings: How an unconventional leadership style helped Jensen Huang of Nvidia become one of the most
Blackwell_(microarchitecture)
Device that selects between several analog or digital input signals
selector inputs. Multiplexers have found application in unconventional stochastic computing (SC), particularly in facilitating arithmetic addition. In
Multiplexer
Devices networked together with computers' industrial applications
cloud computing to refine and optimize the process controls. The IIoT is enabled by technologies such as cybersecurity, cloud computing, edge computing, mobile
Industrial_internet_of_things
19th century proposed mechanical computer
2010). "Unwinding performance and power on Colossus, an unconventional computer". Natural Computing. 10 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1383–1405
Analytical_engine
Early British cryptanalysis computer
Universality on Colossus, an Unconventional Computer". Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Unconventional Computation 2009 (UC09), Ponta
Colossus_computer
Software using templates to produce documents
However, the flexibility of template processing systems often enables unconventional uses for purposes not originally intended by the original designers
Template_processor
Distributed computing project simulating protein folding
distributed computing and scientific research. The project uses statistical simulation methodology that is a paradigm shift from traditional computing methods
Folding@home
Flat surface for mixing paints
used to mix and paint. However, some well-known artists have used more unconventional palettes; for instance, Picasso used a sheet of newspaper. Palettes
Palette_(painting)
Concept in theoretical computer science
value BB(15)". arXiv:2107.12475 [cs.LO]. Erdös, Paul (1979). "Some unconventional problems in number theory". Mathematics Magazine. 52 (2): 67–70. doi:10
Busy_beaver
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
In quantum computing, a quantum algorithm is an algorithm that runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the
Quantum_algorithm
tactics are seen as more unconventional and have only been used in a few instances, if at all. However, these unconventional tactics are perceived by
Tactics_of_terrorism
Combinational digital circuit
Avijit Kumar; De, Debashis (2019-08-16). "An unconventional Arithmetic Logic Unit design and computing in Actin Quantum Cellular Automata". Microsystem
Arithmetic_logic_unit
German industrial designer (1928–2019)
Pegasus, is manufactured and sold by the Schimmel piano company. His unconventional designs made him famous, not only in design circles, but also to the
Luigi_Colani
Design principle preferring simplicity
Washington, DC, p. 13. The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English, Tom Dalzell, 2009, 1104 pages, p.595, webpage: Google Books:
KISS_principle
American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, and digital streaming. It has been referred to as "one of the most influential
History_of_Amazon
1981 home computer
to Sinclair's ZX80 and designed to be a low-cost introduction to home computing for the general public. It was hugely successful; more than 1.5 million
ZX81
Name substituted for an unknown name
that has also used the phrase. Placeholder names are commonly used in computing. Foo and bar are commonly used as placeholders for file, function and
Placeholder_name
American science fiction writer (born 1967)
non-fiction contributor to the New Yorker, where he writes on topics related to computing such as artificial intelligence. Chiang was born in 1967 to a Taiwanese
Ted_Chiang
Indian and American electronics engineer
for artificial intelligence, neuromorphic computing, and active-pixel sensors, incorporating unconventional quantum materials including graphene and molybdenum
Tania_Roy
American computer scientist
contributions to computer science education, Sussman received the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Karl Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award in 1990, and
Gerald_Jay_Sussman
Punctuation mark (!)
printing. This "bang" usage is behind the names of the interrobang, an unconventional typographic character, and the shebang, a feature of Unix computer systems
Exclamation_mark
Array of processing elements specialized for parallelizable workloads
the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems. 6 (2). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery: 1–23. doi:10.1145/3530907. Sze
Spatial_architecture
Computer model built by Apple
institutions with mainframe computers, greatly lowering the entry cost for computing with BASIC. Production was discontinued on September 30, 1977, after the
Apple_I
distributed computing Extensible plugin library NASA’s motivation in supporting the OpenMDAO project stems from the demands of unconventional aircraft concepts
OpenMDAO
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
Girl/Female
Tamil
Conventional, Stylized & constellation
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the vocabulary word maverick, originally MAVERICK means "unbranded range animal." This was the surname of Samuel Maverick (1803-1870), a Texas cattleman who refused to brand his cattle. Its use as a personal name first began in the early 1990s after the release of the movie "Maverick" starring Mel Gibson. The sense of "unconventional person," is first recorded in 1886, and seems to have developed from the notion of being "independent, masterless."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Conventional, Stylized & constellation
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English flo(u)r ‘flower’, ‘blossom’ (Old French flur, from Latin flos, genitive floris). This was a conventional term of endearment in medieval romantic poetry, and as early as the 13th century it is also regularly found as a female personal name.English : metonymic occupational name for a miller or flour merchant, or perhaps a nickname for a pasty-faced person, from Middle English flo(u)r ‘flour’. This is in origin the same word as in 1, with the transferred sense ‘flower, pick of the meal’. Although the two words are now felt to be accidental homophones, they were not distinguished in spelling before the 18th century.English : occupational name for an arrowsmith, from an agent derivative of Middle English flŠ‘arrow’ (Old English flÄ).Welsh : Anglicized form of the Welsh personal name Llywarch, of unexplained origin.Translation of French Lafleur.
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bindupriya | பீநà¯à®¤à¯à®ªà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Drop
Boy/Male
Indian
Blessing
Girl/Female
English American
and Charlene.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place.
Boy/Male
Tamil
To rise, Blue lotus
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a minor place in the parish of Millom, Cumbria. The name is not recorded until the 13th century. The first element is probably from Middle English apostel ‘apostle’, used as a nickname or personal name (see Postle). Alternatively, it may represent a survival of an Old English personal name, Possel. The second element is northern Middle English thwaite ‘clearing’ (Old Norse þveit).
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Pandi
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
From the Fertile Ford
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname for a fleet-footed or timid person, from Old French levre ‘hare’ (Latin lepus, genitive leporis). It may also have been a metonymic occupational name for a hunter of hares.English (of Norman origin) : topographic name for someone who lived in a place thickly grown with rushes, from Old English lǣfer ‘rush’, ‘reed’, ‘iris’. Compare Laver 3. Great and Little Lever in Greater Manchester (formerly in Lancashire) are named with this word (in a collective sense) and in some cases the surname may also be derived from these places.English (of Norman origin) : possibly from an unrecorded Middle English survival of an Old English personal name, Lēofhere, composed of the elements lēof ‘dear’, ‘beloved’ + here ‘army’.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Someone with fame and respect
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
UNCONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
n.
Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or "Bohemian" (see Bohemian, n., 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy.
n.
Compliance with formal or conventional rules; ceremony; conventionality.
n.
An established order; conventional rule of procedure; usual method; habitual mode.
a.
Abstracted; removed from close representation of nature by the deliberate selection of what is to be represented and what is to be rejected; as, a conventional flower; a conventional shell. Cf. Conventionalize, v. t.
a.
Based upon tradition, whether religious and historical or of artistic rules.
adv.
In a conventional manner.
n.
One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards, dominoes, etc.
v. i.
To make designs in art, according to conventional principles. Cf. Conventionalize, v. t., 2.
n.
The state of being conventional; adherence to social formalities or usages; that which is established by conventional use; one of the customary usages of social life.
n.
A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.
v. t.
To make conventional; to bring under the influence of, or cause to conform to, conventional rules; to establish by usage.
n.
The act of making conventional.
n.
A conventional relative measure of dimension, as for shoes, gloves, and other articles made up for sale.
n.
The state of being conventional.
a.
Agreeing with, or established by, custom; established by common usage; conventional; habitual.
a.
Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit agreement; sanctioned by general concurrence or usage; formal.
a.
Formed by agreement or compact; stipulated.
a.
Approved; conventional.
v. i.
To pass compliments; to use conventional expressions of respect.
a.
Dependent in form; conventional.