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Average uncertainty in variable's states
In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential
Entropy_(information_theory)
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, entropy compression is an information theoretic method for proving that a random process terminates,
Entropy_compression
Lossless data compression scheme
In information theory, an entropy coding (or entropy encoding) is any lossless data compression method that attempts to approach the lower bound declared
Entropy_coding
Form of entropy encoding used in data compression
Arithmetic coding (AC) is a form of entropy coding used in lossless data compression. Normally, a string of characters is represented using a fixed number
Arithmetic_coding
Data compression approach allowing perfect reconstruction of the original data
coding achieves compression rates close to the best possible for a particular statistical model, which is given by the information entropy, whereas Huffman
Lossless_compression
Reduction of image size to save storage and transmission costs
Image compression is a type of data compression applied to digital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. Algorithms may take advantage
Image_compression
Technique to compress data
decreases) compression. As the size of the block approaches infinity, Huffman coding theoretically approaches the entropy limit, i.e., optimal compression. However
Huffman_coding
Compact encoding of digital data
the same as considering absolute entropy (corresponding to data compression) as a special case of relative entropy (corresponding to data differencing)
Data_compression
Property of a thermodynamic system
Entropy is a thermodynamic state variable that quantifies the probabilistic distribution of accessible microstates in a system. The term and the concept
Entropy
Lossless compression algorithm
dictionary-matching stage (LZ77) and, unlike other common compression algorithms, does not combine it with an entropy coding stage (e.g. Huffman coding in DEFLATE)
LZ4_(compression_algorithm)
Thermodynamic process in which no mass or heat is exchanged with surroundings
thermodynamic system and its environment is accompanied neither by a transfer of entropy nor of amounts of constituents. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic
Adiabatic_process
Scientific study of digital information
Conditional entropy Covert channel Data compression Decoder Differential entropy Fungible information Information fluctuation complexity Information entropy Joint
Information_theory
Lossy compression method for reducing the size of digital images
greater than 4) are quantized into zero values. Entropy coding is a special form of lossless data compression. It involves arranging the image components
JPEG
Establishes the limits to possible data compression
data compression for data whose source is an independent identically-distributed random variable, and the operational meaning of the Shannon entropy. Named
Shannon's source coding theorem
Shannon's_source_coding_theorem
Mathematical statistics distance measure
statistics, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Type of prefix code
near entropy (about 3.43 bits). Huffman coding and arithmetic coding (when they can be used) give at least as good, and often better compression than
Universal code (data compression)
Universal_code_(data_compression)
Thermodynamic process that is reversible and adiabatic
compression that entails work done on or by the flow. For an isentropic flow, entropy density can vary between different streamlines. If the entropy density
Isentropic_process
Lossless compression algorithm
data compression algorithm developed by Jyrki Alakuijala and Zoltán Szabadka. It uses a combination of the general-purpose LZ77 lossless compression algorithm
Brotli
Type of data compression
In information technology, lossy compression, or irreversible compression, is the class of data compression methods that uses inexact approximations and
Lossy_compression
Lossless data compression algorithms
information entropy is developed for individual sequences (as opposed to probabilistic ensembles). This measure gives a bound on the data compression ratio
LZ77_and_LZ78
Lossless data compression method
Rice coding is used as the entropy encoding stage in a number of lossless image compression and audio data compression methods. Golomb coding uses a
Golomb_coding
Entropy coding method
is a form of entropy encoding used in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards. It is a lossless compression technique, although
Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding
Context-adaptive_binary_arithmetic_coding
Topics referred to by the same term
values may be confused Entropy encoding, data compression strategies to produce a code length equal to the entropy of a message Entropy (computing), an indicator
Entropy_(disambiguation)
Israeli-American academic
genomics in particular, lossless compression, lossy compression, delay-constrained and complexity-constrained compression and communication, network information
Tsachy_Weissman
form of entropy coding used in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video encoding. It is an inherently lossless compression technique, like almost all entropy-coders. In
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Context-adaptive_variable-length_coding
Entropy coding methods
(ANS) is a family of entropy encoding methods introduced by Jarosław (Jarek) Duda from Jagiellonian University, used in data compression since 2014 due to
Asymmetric_numeral_systems
Probability theorem on no events occurring
their algorithmic version of the Lovász Local Lemma, which uses entropy compression to provide an efficient randomized algorithm for finding an outcome
Lovász_local_lemma
Loseless compression algorithm
LZFSE (Lempel–Ziv Finite State Entropy) is an open source lossless data compression algorithm created by Apple Inc. It was released with a simpler algorithm
LZFSE
Idealized thermodynamic cycle
equal to zero (adiabatic process). A Carnot cycle plotted on a Temperature-entropy diagram (Figure 4) is rather simple. Isothermic paths are horizontal, adiabatic
Carnot_cycle
Non-parametric statistic on information transfer
entropy of X. The above definition of transfer entropy has been extended by other types of entropy measures such as Rényi entropy. Transfer entropy is
Transfer_entropy
Thermodynamic cycle for spark ignition piston engines
parallel isochoric processes (constant volume). The isentropic process of compression or expansion implies that there will be no inefficiency (loss of mechanical
Otto_cycle
Universal lossless data compression algorithm
length and decreases the compression rate. Conversely, increased compression can often be achieved with an adaptive entropy encoder. Such a coder estimates
Lempel–Ziv–Welch
IANA. Compression-only formats should often be denoted by the media type of the decompressed data, with a content coding indicating the compression format
List_of_archive_formats
Video compression method for HDMI and DisplayPort links
this improves compression quality of computer-generated images. Alternatively, prediction residuals are computed and encoded with entropy coding algorithm
Display_Stream_Compression
Measure of income inequality
non-randomness or data compression; thus this interpretation also applies to this index. In addition, interpretation of biodiversity as entropy has also been proposed
Generalized_entropy_index
Lossless compression algorithm
Deflate (stylized as DEFLATE, and also called Flate) is a lossless data compression algorithm that uses a combination of LZ77 and Huffman coding. It was
Deflate
Methods of compressing data tailored specifically for genomic data
D. J.; Sayood, K. (2010). "Data Compression Concepts and Algorithms and their Applications to Bioinformatics". Entropy. 12 (1): 34. doi:10.3390/e12010034
Compression of genomic sequencing data
Compression_of_genomic_sequencing_data
Digital audio format
most listeners; for example, compared to CD-quality digital audio, MP3 compression can commonly achieve a 75–95% reduction in size, depending on the bit
MP3
Refrigeration process
Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many
Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression_refrigeration
Measurement of the power of a data compression algorithm
compression ratio much better than 2:1 because of the intrinsic entropy of the data. Compression algorithms which provide higher ratios either incur very large
Data_compression_ratio
Time density of the average information in a stochastic process
separation, through to optimizing quantizers and data compression algorithms. For example, a maximum entropy rate criterion may be used for feature selection
Entropy_rate
codes. It may be combined with other general lossless data compression techniques such as entropy encoding and dictionary coders to compress the remaining
Incremental_encoding
Algorithm in quantum information theory
Algorithmic cooling is an algorithmic method for transferring heat (or entropy) from some qubits to others or outside the system and into the environment
Algorithmic_cooling
Method of data compression
In computing, solid compression is a method for data compression of multiple files, wherein all the uncompressed files are concatenated and treated as
Solid_compression
Fast data compression and decompression library written in C++ by Google
the compression process. More common compressors can compress this better. Unlike compression methods such as gzip and bzip2, there is no entropy encoding
Snappy_(compression)
Term in information theory
of almost lossless data compression for analog sources under various regularity constraints of the encoder/decoder. The entropy of a discrete random variable
Information_dimension
Thermodynamic cycle
cycle mode. Atkinson produced three different designs that had a short compression stroke and a longer expansion stroke. The first Atkinson-cycle engine
Atkinson_cycle
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
mental stimuli, pattern, perception, proposition, representation, and entropy. Information is often processed iteratively: Data available at one step
Information
conditional entropy conditional quantum entropy confusion and diffusion cross-entropy data compression entropic uncertainty (Hirchman uncertainty) entropy encoding
Index of information theory articles
Index_of_information_theory_articles
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system
electrical power. If the compression is adiabatic, the gas temperature goes up. In the reversible case it would be at constant entropy, which corresponds with
Enthalpy
Theoretical engine
magnitude, this is the same amount of entropy absorbed in step 1. The entropy decreases in isothermal compression since the multiplicity of the system
Carnot_heat_engine
Lossless data compression algorithm
universal lossless compression algorithms. Grammar-based codes are universal in the sense that they can achieve asymptotically the entropy rate of any stationary
Grammar-based_code
On constructing objects that obey a system of constraints with limited dependence
{x(A)}{1-x(A)}}.} The proof of this theorem using the method of entropy compression can be found in the paper by Moser and Tardos The requirement of
Algorithmic Lovász local lemma
Algorithmic_Lovász_local_lemma
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these
Thermodynamics
Geometry problem on grid points
matching the existence bound, using an algorithmic technique known as entropy compression. Repeating a suggestion of Adena, Holton & Kelly (1974), Martin Gardner
No-three-in-line_problem
Theory about lossy data compression
information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per
Rate–distortion_theory
Video compression format, succeeds H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
entropy encoder use information from the preceding row of CTUs and allows for a method of parallel processing that may allow for better compression than
High_Efficiency_Video_Coding
Data compression algorithms
In the field of data compression, Shannon–Fano coding, named after Claude Shannon and Robert Fano, is one of two related techniques for constructing a
Shannon–Fano_coding
Linked cyclic series of thermodynamic processes
pressure (P), Decrease in entropy (S), Decrease in temperature (T) 3→4: Isentropic / adiabatic compression: Constant entropy (s), Increase in pressure
Thermodynamic_cycle
Measure of similarity
Armando J. (2018). "Comparison of Compression-Based Measures with Application to the Evolution of Primate Genomes". Entropy. 20 (6): 393. Bibcode:2018Entrp
Normalized compression distance
Normalized_compression_distance
Resistance of a material to uniform pressure
how the pressure varies during compression: constant-temperature (isothermal K T {\displaystyle K_{T}} ), constant-entropy (isentropic K S {\displaystyle
Bulk_modulus
Adaptive coding refers to variants of entropy encoding methods of lossless data compression.[citation needed] They are particularly suited to streaming
Adaptive_coding
Mathematical models of heat pumps and refrigeration
cycles can be classified as vapor compression, vapor absorption, gas cycle, or Stirling cycle types. The vapor-compression cycle is used by many refrigeration
Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle
Method for compressing changes over time
the same as considering absolute entropy (corresponding to data compression) as a special case of relative entropy (corresponding to data differencing)
Data_differencing
Measure of algorithmic complexity
complexity, program-size complexity, descriptive complexity, or algorithmic entropy. It is named after Andrey Kolmogorov, who first published on the subject
Kolmogorov_complexity
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
quantizer. However, using an FLC eliminates the compression improvement that can be obtained by use of better entropy coding. Assuming an FLC with M {\displaystyle
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Raster graphics file format
for the JPEG, PNG, and GIF file formats on the web. It supports image compression (both lossy and lossless), as well as animation and alpha compositing
WebP
Measure of dependence between two variables
variable. The concept of mutual information is intimately linked to that of entropy of a random variable, a fundamental notion in information theory that quantifies
Mutual_information
Thermodynamic cycle
mixture only during the latter 70% to 80% of the compression stroke. During the initial part of the compression stroke, the piston pushes part of the fuel-air
Miller_cycle
Machine learning method to transfer knowledge from a large model to a smaller one
with model compression, which describes methods to decrease the size of a large model itself, without training a new model. Model compression generally
Knowledge_distillation
Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume
compression Ideal Brayton Cycle 1->2 Isentropic compression in a compressor Ideal Vapor-compression refrigeration Cycle 1->2 Isentropic compression in
Compressor
Addition to JPEG standard
standards were limited in their compression performance. Total decorrelation cannot be achieved by first order entropy of the prediction residuals employed
Lossless_JPEG
three or more letters. This algorithm is based on a modification of entropy compression: it randomly selects letters from a k-letter alphabet to generate
Square-free_word
Lossless compression algorithm
Zstandard is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Yann Collet at Facebook. Zstd is the corresponding reference implementation in C, released
Zstd
Polish computer scientist
asymmetric numeral systems (ANS), a family of entropy encoding methods widely used in data compression. He was born in Dębica, Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Jarosław Duda (computer scientist)
Jarosław_Duda_(computer_scientist)
information theory, Tunstall coding is a form of entropy coding used for lossless data compression. Tunstall coding was the subject of Brian Parker Tunstall's
Tunstall_coding
Model that is used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems
the compression by the pump and the expansion in the turbine are not isentropic. In other words, these processes are non-reversible, and entropy is increased
Rankine_cycle
Digital video coder/decoder
that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only
Video_codec
Mathematical technique used in data compression and analysis
and the quantized values are entropy encoded and/or run length encoded. A few 1D and 2D applications of wavelet compression use a technique called "wavelet
Wavelet_transform
Encoding which maps information to a variable number of bits
almost arbitrarily close to its entropy. This is in contrast to fixed-length coding methods, for which data compression is only possible for large blocks
Variable-length_encoding
Standardized means of organizing and storing digital images
lossless JPEG 2000 in terms of compression ratio. It uses the MANIAC (Meta-Adaptive Near-zero Integer Arithmetic Coding) entropy encoding algorithm, a variant
Image_file_format
Reversible data-stream transform
stream of bytes) designed to improve the performance of entropy encoding techniques of compression. When efficiently implemented, it is fast enough that
Move-to-front_transform
selected at another point." With it came the ideas of the information entropy and redundancy of a source, and its relevance through the source coding
History_of_information_theory
advanced entropy coding Range encoding: same as arithmetic coding, but looked at in a slightly different way Huffman coding: simple lossless compression taking
List_of_algorithms
Message encoded with more bits than needed
redundancy (redundation) measures the fractional difference between the entropy H(X) of an ensemble X, and its maximum possible value log ( | A X | )
Redundancy (information theory)
Redundancy_(information_theory)
Proprietary file system developed by Microsoft
are variants of LZ77 updated with Huffman entropy coding and range coding, which LZNT1 lacked. These compression algorithms were taken from Windows Imaging
NTFS
Family of lossless data compression algorithms
"Comparison of Brotli, Deflate, Zopfli, LZMA, LZHAM and Bzip2 Compression Algorithms" (PDF). cran.r-project.org. Grammar-based code Entropy encoding
Dictionary_coder
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
this is the existence of a well defined physical quantity called 'the entropy of a body'. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, as a subject in physics, considers
Thermodynamic_system
Lossy and lossless image format
shortened to JXL) is an image format that supports both lossy and lossless compression. It was developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), Google
JPEG_XL
System that converts heat or thermal energy to mechanical work
comes with entropy." (heat energy Δ Q = T Δ S {\displaystyle \Delta Q=T\Delta S} ), "When the engine performs work, on the other hand, no entropy leaves the
Heat_engine
2010 book by Serbian Vlatko Vedral
this content as ultimately limitless as possibly maximum entropy is never reached as compression of complexity is an open ended process and random events
Decoding_Reality
Type of random number generator
Markov estimate and a compression estimate; the minimum across all estimators is taken as the conservative bound. Underestimating entropy leads to a system
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
Video encoding standard
sparse data) which can then be more efficiently compressed by entropy coding (lossless compression) in the next step. An example quantized DCT block: [ − 26
MPEG-1
Process that cannot be undone
capable of returning to its initial state. Because entropy is a state function, the change in entropy of the system is the same whether the process is reversible
Irreversible_process
Thermodynamic cycle
other gas as their working fluid. It is characterized by isentropic compression and expansion, and isobaric heat addition and rejection, though practical
Brayton_cycle
Family of archive file formats used by 7-Zip
compressed archive file format that supports several different data compression, encryption and pre-processing algorithms. The 7z format initially appeared
7z
Passage of a system from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium
insulated, by a rigid boundary, from the environment. The temperature-entropy conjugate pair is concerned with the transfer of energy, especially for
Thermodynamic_process
Thermodynamic process in which temperature remains constant
especially convenient for calculating changes in entropy since, in this case, the formula for the entropy change, ΔS, is simply Δ S = Q rev T {\displaystyle
Isothermal_process
Image file format
compression standard for bi-level images, developed by the Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group. It is suitable for both lossless and lossy compression
JBIG2
Algorithms for compressing in-memory data
type (1) usually uses some sort of LZ class dictionary compression algorithm combined with entropy coding, such as LZO or LZ4, to compress the pages being
Virtual_memory_compression
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
Biblical
an entry or vestibule
Girl/Female
Biblical
An entry or vestibule.
Biblical
helper; entry-way
Boy/Male
Arabic, Biblical
Helper; Entry-way
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Entry
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
An Entry Point into a Dispute
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Entry; Good in Look
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi
Thinking of God at All Times
Girl/Female
Arabic
Extremely Fair
Girl/Female
Tamil
Prashansa | பà¯à®°à®·à®‚ஸா
Praise
Boy/Male
Swedish
From the mountain brook.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Advisor
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lights
Biblical
making ready
Girl/Female
Tamil
Thranisa | தà¯à®°à®¾à®¨à¯€à®¸à®¾
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Youthful
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sunshine (Daughter of the Sun God)
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
ENTROPY COMPRESSION
n.
One who lays snares, or entraps.
n.
The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary.
n.
Same as Ectopia.
n.
Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions.
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.
imp. & p. p.
of Entrap
a.
Permissible; done lawfully; as, entry congeable.
n.
The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Entrap
v. t.
See Entrap.
n.
A putting upon record in proper form and order.
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap.
v. t.
To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by the devices of evil men.
n.
A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.
n.
The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking.
pl.
of Entry
v. t.
Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap.
a.
Having equal entropy.
v. t.
To entrap; to insnare.
n.
An additional or subsequent entry.