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Lossless data compression scheme
An entropy coding attempts to approach this lower bound. Two of the most common entropy coding techniques are Huffman coding and arithmetic coding. If
Entropy_coding
Form of entropy encoding used in data compression
Arithmetic coding (AC) is a form of entropy coding used in lossless data compression. Normally, a string of characters is represented using a fixed number
Arithmetic_coding
Technique to compress data
entropy coding, specifically counting (runs) of repeated symbols, which are then encoded. For the simple case of Bernoulli processes, Golomb coding is
Huffman_coding
Establishes the limits to possible data compression
In information theory, Shannon's source coding theorem (or noiseless coding theorem) establishes the statistical limits to possible data compression for
Shannon's source coding theorem
Shannon's_source_coding_theorem
Entropy coding methods
for Huffman coding, Picture Coding Symposium, 2015. J. Duda, Asymmetric numeral systems: entropy coding combining speed of Huffman coding with compression
Asymmetric_numeral_systems
Information-theoretic measure
Kraft–McMillan theorem establishes that any directly decodable coding scheme for coding a message to identify one value x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} out of
Cross-entropy
Video compression format, succeeds H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
Thomas, Wiegand. "Reduced-Complexity Entropy Coding of Transform Coefficient Levels Using Truncated Golomb-Rice Codes in Video Compression" (PDF). Gary Sullivan;
High_Efficiency_Video_Coding
Data compression algorithms
62 and 2.28. Kaur, Sandeep; Singh, Sukhjeet (May 2016). "Entropy Coding and Different Coding Techniques" (PDF). Journal of Network Communications and
Shannon–Fano_coding
Average uncertainty in variable's states
noisy channels in his noisy-channel coding theorem. Entropy in information theory is directly analogous to the entropy in statistical thermodynamics. The
Entropy_(information_theory)
Entropy coding method
Range coding (or range encoding) is an entropy coding method defined by G. Nigel N. Martin in a 1979 paper, which effectively rediscovered the FIFO arithmetic
Range_coding
Lossless data compression method
this set of codes in an adaptive coding scheme; "Rice coding" can refer either to that adaptive scheme or to using that subset of Golomb codes. Whereas a
Golomb_coding
2018 open and royalty-free video coding format
AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) is an open, royalty-free video coding format initially designed for video transmissions over the Internet. It was developed as a
AV1
Lossy compression method for reducing the size of digital images
Kimura, Shigenori Kino, Fumitaka Ono, and Masayuki Yoshida – Coding apparatus and coding method The JPEG specification also cites three other patents
JPEG
Video codec
Video Coding Standard (AVS) refers to the digital audio and digital video series compression standard formulated by the Audio and Video coding standard
Audio_Video_Standard
Widely used standard for video compression
Video Coding (AVC), also referred to as H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, is a video compression standard based on block-oriented, motion-compensated coding. It
Advanced_Video_Coding
Image file format
generic regions may all use arithmetic coding or huffman coding. JBIG2 specifically uses the MQ coder, the same entropy encoder employed by JPEG 2000. Patents
JBIG2
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
the entropy coding design problem to be separated from the design of the quantizer itself. Modern entropy coding techniques such as arithmetic coding can
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
and information theory, Tunstall coding is a form of entropy coding used for lossless data compression. Tunstall coding was the subject of Brian Parker
Tunstall_coding
Universal code encoding positive integers
with Zigzag code, nor the JPEG zigzag entropy coding). Elias gamma (γ) coding Elias omega (ω) coding Golomb-Rice code Elias, Peter (March 1975). "Universal
Elias_delta_coding
Context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) is a form of entropy coding used in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video encoding. It is an inherently lossless compression
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Context-adaptive_variable-length_coding
Type of prefix code
code that is asymptotically optimal: Elias gamma coding * Elias delta coding * ‡ Elias omega coding *[further explanation needed] ‡ Exp-Golomb coding
Universal code (data compression)
Universal_code_(data_compression)
Video encoding standard
difference coding using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) of size 8×8, scalar quantization, and variable-length codes (like Huffman codes) for entropy coding. H
MPEG-1
Lossless intra-frame video codec
managed using a ring buffer. The residuals are coded using either Golomb-Rice coding or range coding. Both options use a very large context model. The
FFV1
Video codec
Gbps for 2K, 4K and 8K resolution content, enabled by a lightweight entropy coding scheme Frame tiling for immersive content and for enabling parallel
Advanced_Professional_Video
Entropy coding method
Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is a form of entropy encoding used in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards. It is
Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding
Context-adaptive_binary_arithmetic_coding
Digital video coder/decoder
quantized coefficient values are equal to zero. The entropy coding method typically uses variable-length coding tables. Some encoders compress the video in a
Video_codec
Entropy encoding
Unary coding, or the unary numeral system, is an entropy encoding that represents a natural number, n, with n ones followed by a zero (if the term natural
Unary_coding
Addition to JPEG standard
three nearest (causal) neighbors (upper, left, and upper-left), and entropy coding is used on the prediction error. The standard Independent JPEG Group
Lossless_JPEG
Compact encoding of digital data
differencing connection. Entropy coding originated in the 1940s with the introduction of Shannon–Fano coding, the basis for Huffman coding which was developed
Data_compression
Reduction of image size to save storage and transmission costs
Predictive coding – used in DPCM Entropy encoding – the two most common entropy encoding techniques are arithmetic coding and Huffman coding Adaptive dictionary
Image_compression
Encoding which maps information to a variable number of bits
may be compressed almost arbitrarily close to its entropy. This is in contrast to fixed-length coding methods, for which data compression is only possible
Variable-length_encoding
Digital audio format
collaborators at Bell Labs. Perceptual coding was first used for speech coding compression with linear predictive coding (LPC), which has origins in the work
MP3
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
There are four types of coding: Data compression (or source coding) Error control (or channel coding) Cryptographic coding Line coding Data compression attempts
Coding_theory
coding Shannon–Fano–Elias coding: precursor to arithmetic encoding Entropy coding with known entropy characteristics Golomb coding: form of entropy coding
List_of_algorithms
Topics referred to by the same term
"coding" Coding (therapy), alternative therapeutic methods used to treat addictions in the post-Soviet countries Queer coding Code Entropy encoding Transform
Coding
Mathematical statistics distance measure
statistics, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Lossless compression algorithm
common compression algorithms, does not combine it with an entropy coding stage (e.g. Huffman coding in DEFLATE). The LZ4 algorithm represents the data as
LZ4_(compression_algorithm)
2013 open and royalty-free video coding format
royalty-free video coding format developed by Google. VP9 is the successor to VP8 and competes mainly with MPEG's High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265)
VP9
Scientific study of digital information
channel capacity. These codes can be roughly subdivided into data compression (source coding) and error-correction (channel coding) techniques. In the latter
Information_theory
Degradation or loss of the use of software over time
Software rot (bit rot, code rot, software erosion, software decay, or software entropy) is the degradation, deterioration, or loss of the use or performance
Software_rot
Universal code which encodes positive integers into binary code words
base Negafibonacci coding Ostrowski numeration Universal code Varicode, a practical application Zeckendorf's theorem Maximal entropy random walk Basu,
Fibonacci_coding
Type of biased random walk on a graph
A maximal entropy random walk (MERW) is a popular type of biased random walk on a graph, in which transition probabilities are chosen accordingly to the
Maximal_entropy_random_walk
Polish computer scientist
Asymmetric numeral systems: entropy coding combining speed of Huffman coding with compression rate of arithmetic coding, arXiv:1311.2540, 2013. Claburn
Jarosław Duda (computer scientist)
Jarosław_Duda_(computer_scientist)
introduces first Asymmetric numeral systems entropy coding: since 2014 popular replacement of Huffman and arithmetic coding in compressors like Facebook Zstandard
Timeline of information theory
Timeline_of_information_theory
Lossy and lossless image format
predictor selection per context. Entropy coding is LZ77-enabled and can use either asymmetric numeral systems or prefix codes (useful for low-complexity encoders
JPEG_XL
Lossless compression algorithm
with a large search window and a fast entropy-coding stage. It uses Huffman coding alongside finite-state entropy (FSE), a variant of tANS. The Linux kernel
Zstd
Universal encoding scheme for positive integers
\gamma } code or Elias gamma code is a universal code encoding positive integers developed by Peter Elias. It is used most commonly when coding integers
Elias_gamma_coding
Lossy image compression algorithm
subordinate pass are usually random enough that entropy coding provides no further coding gain. The coding performance of EZW has since been exceeded by
Embedded zerotrees of wavelet transforms
Embedded_zerotrees_of_wavelet_transforms
Family of archive file formats used by 7-Zip
string elimination. The LZ stage is followed by entropy coding using a Markov chain–based range coder and binary trees. LZMA2 – modified version of LZMA
7z
Universal code encoding positive integers
Elias ω coding or Elias omega coding is a universal code encoding the positive integers developed by Peter Elias. Like Elias gamma coding and Elias delta
Elias_omega_coding
Property of a thermodynamic system
Entropy is a thermodynamic state variable that quantifies the probabilistic distribution of accessible microstates in a system. The term and the concept
Entropy
Video compression method for HDMI and DisplayPort links
residuals are computed and encoded with entropy coding algorithm based on delta size unit-variable length coding (DSU-VLC). Encoded pixel groups are then
Display_Stream_Compression
Motion video technology
estimation-based video compressors, such as Advanced Video Coding (AVC) (H.264) and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) (H.265). The human visual acuity model is
ZPEG
Lossless compression algorithm
through past distances, use of move-to-front queue in entropy code selection, joint-entropy coding of literal and copy lengths, the use of graph algorithms
Brotli
Lossless data compression algorithm
contain repeats, where the entropy-coding cost of "spelling out" the repeats is less than the cost creating and entropy-coding a rule to capture them. (In
Grammar-based_code
Type of universal code in data compression
Elias gamma code of x+1, allowing it to encode 0. Exp-Golomb coding is used in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and H.265 High Efficiency Video Coding video compression
Exponential-Golomb_coding
8859-1 encoding, with unprintable characters represented as the control code abbreviation or symbol, or codepage 1252 character where available, or a
List_of_file_signatures
Concept in statistics
In statistics, an approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability of fluctuations over time-series
Approximate_entropy
Topics referred to by the same term
Fast Software Encryption, cryptography conference Finite-state entropy, entropy coding scheme Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Germany's largest stock exchange
FSE
File format used by AOL
Data compression using adaptive bit allocation and hybrid lossless entropy coding U.S. patent 5,822,456 Optimal spline interpolation for image compression
ART_image_file_format
Raster graphics file format
dictionary coding, Huffman coding and color indexing transform. This format uses a recursive definition: all of the control images, such as the local entropy code
WebP
Universal coding
Levenshtein coding is a universal code encoding the non-negative integers developed by Vladimir Levenshtein. The code of zero is "0"; to code a positive
Levenshtein_coding
Compressed image file format
spatial areas of pictures without decoding the entire picture. JPEG XR's entropy coding phase is more adaptive and complex than JPEG's, involving a DC and AC
JPEG_XR
Truncated binary encoding is an entropy encoding typically used for uniform probability distributions with a finite alphabet. It is parameterized by an
Truncated_binary_encoding
Data compression computer program
dictionary window, followed by bzip2-based Burrows–Wheeler transform and entropy coding (Huffman) on 900 kB output chunks. rzip operates in two stages. The
Rzip
communication, the Slepian–Wolf coding, also known as the Slepian–Wolf bound, is a result in distributed source coding discovered by David Slepian and
Slepian–Wolf_coding
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
motion-compensated DCT or adaptive scene coding, in 1981. Motion-compensated DCT later became the standard coding technique for video compression from the
Discrete_cosine_transform
Principle in Bayesian statistics
now dedicated to the elicitation of maximum entropy priors and links with channel coding. Maximum entropy is a sufficient updating rule for radical probabilism
Principle_of_maximum_entropy
Specialized microprocessor optimized for digital signal processing
arithmetic, and have specific instructions to deal with complex filters and entropy coding. CSR produces the Quatro family of SoCs that contain one or more custom
Digital_signal_processor
Measure of relative information in probability theory
In information theory, the conditional entropy quantifies the amount of information needed to describe the outcome of a random variable Y {\displaystyle
Conditional_entropy
Limit on data transfer rate
In information theory, the noisy-channel coding theorem (sometimes Shannon's theorem or Shannon's limit), establishes that for any given degree of noise
Noisy-channel_coding_theorem
Signal encoder
of 2 to 4 can be achieved if differences are subsequently entropy coded, because the entropy of the difference signal is much smaller than that of the
Differential pulse-code modulation
Differential_pulse-code_modulation
AVC-Intra 50: nominally 50 Mbit/s, size of each frame is fixed CABAC entropy coding only. 1920 × 1080 formats are High 10 Intra Profile, Level 4 1280 × 720
AVC-Intra
non-negative integer N in Even–Rodeh coding: If N is not less than 4 then set the coded value to a single 0 bit. Otherwise the coded value is empty. If N is less
Even–Rodeh_coding
Free software library for handling the JPEG image format
sequential JPEG formats, conversion between Huffman and arithmetic coding in the entropy coding layer. These transformations are each completely lossless and
Libjpeg
Topics referred to by the same term
Zig-Zag, a tree-rotation variant used to balance splay trees Zig-zag entropy coding, a method used in JPEG images to compress data ZigZag encoding, a mapping
Zigzag_(disambiguation)
Influence of thermodynamics on evolution
Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the
Entropy_and_life
Raster 32 bpc No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes FLIF Lossless (MANIAC entropy coding) Raster 16 bpc Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes, via chunks Yes GIF
Comparison of graphics file formats
Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats
Indian-American electrical engineer and computer scientist (born 1940)
modulation. It is a more effective lossless compression algorithm than entropy coding. Alumnus of the Bishop Cotton Boys' School; received his B.S. degree
Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)
came the ideas of the information entropy and redundancy of a source, and its relevance through the source coding theorem; the mutual information, and
History_of_information_theory
Method by which information is represented in the brain
or "spike firing", increases. Rate coding is sometimes called frequency coding. Rate coding is a traditional coding scheme, assuming that most, if not
Neural_coding
Concept in information theory
Differential entropy (also referred to as continuous entropy) in information theory is a property of absolutely continuous probability distributions which
Differential_entropy
Low-latency video compression standard
present, sign bits are included in the data coding pass for all coefficients. Codestream packing: All entropy-coded data are packed into a linear stream of
JPEG_XS
Measure of dependence between two variables
variable. The concept of mutual information is intimately linked to that of entropy of a random variable, a fundamental notion in information theory that quantifies
Mutual_information
Physical law for entropy and heat
appear below. The second law of thermodynamics establishes the concept of entropy as a physical property of a thermodynamic system. It predicts whether processes
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Measure of relative information in quantum information theory
conditional quantum entropy is an entropy measure used in quantum information theory. It is a generalization of the conditional entropy of classical information
Conditional_quantum_entropy
Digital video file format
filled with a solid color. Further compression is achieved by entropy coding using Huffman coding of the various bitstream elements that result from the process
Smacker_video
Video compression format
transform block size techniques. There are also more sophisticated entropy coding than what was practical when the first JPEG design was developed. All
Motion_JPEG
Algorithms for compressing in-memory data
some sort of LZ class dictionary compression algorithm combined with entropy coding, such as LZO or LZ4, to compress the pages being swapped out. Once compressed
Virtual_memory_compression
compression is based on lossless entropy reduction, by means of various differentiation operations, followed by lossless entropy coding using the LZMA compression
OpenCTM
Type of data compression
AAC). In the case of audio data, a popular form of transform coding is perceptual coding, which transforms the raw data to a domain that more accurately
Lossy_compression
Linear error correcting code
turbo codes, they have gained prominence in coding theory and information theory since the late 1990s. The codes today are widely used in applications ranging
Low-density_parity-check_code
Topics referred to by the same term
parish in the municipality of Penafiel, northern Portugal rANS, an entropy coding technique Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations RANS Cilegon F.C
RANS
Sub-field of pathology
encoding and decoding, with a simplified entropy coding stage—based on local correlation and an arithmetic coder—that is faster than JPEG 2000’s EBCOT,
Digital_pathology
Lossy audio compression format
has greater scope to reduce the bit rate. The use of an additional entropy coding tool, and higher frequency accuracy (due to the larger number of frequency
MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II
Proprietary file system developed by Microsoft
algorithm; both are variants of LZ77 updated with Huffman entropy coding and range coding, which LZNT1 lacked. These compression algorithms were taken
NTFS
Set of codewords, none a prefix of another
codes include Huffman codes and the earlier Shannon–Fano codes, and universal codes such as: Elias delta coding Elias gamma coding Elias omega coding
Prefix_code
Principle in theoretical physics
bound of black hole thermodynamics, which conjectures that the maximum entropy in any region scales with the radius squared, rather than cubed as might
Holographic_principle
Data compression technique
extrapolation from already coded pixels for effective delta coding. It is one of the two classes of predictive coding methods in video coding. Its counterpart is
Intra-frame_coding
Speech analysis and encoding technique
Soon after Claude Shannon established a general theory of coding, work on predictive coding was done by C. Chapin Cutler, Bernard M. Oliver and Henry
Linear_predictive_coding
ENTROPY CODING
ENTROPY CODING
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
An Entry Point into a Dispute
Biblical
an entry or vestibule
Biblical
helper; entry-way
Boy/Male
Arabic, Biblical
Helper; Entry-way
Girl/Female
Biblical
An entry or vestibule.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Entry
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Entry; Good in Look
ENTROPY CODING
ENTROPY CODING
Girl/Female
Native American
Bird.
Boy/Male
Indian
Acquainted, Knowledgeable
Boy/Male
Muslim
Adjutant. Aid-de camp.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Warrior of Redemption
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Moon of Gold
Girl/Female
Indian
Cheerful, Seventh note on indian musical scale, Awesome
Male
English
Variant spelling of Middle English Aldin, ALDEN means "old friend."Â Or from the surname Alden, having several possible meanings: "old hill," "high castle" or "high town."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, French, Latin
To be Strong; To be Healthy
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Australian, Swahili
Grace
Girl/Female
Muslim
Fragrance, Strong
ENTROPY CODING
ENTROPY CODING
ENTROPY CODING
ENTROPY CODING
ENTROPY CODING
a.
Permissible; done lawfully; as, entry congeable.
n.
A putting upon record in proper form and order.
n.
The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Entrap
n.
The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item.
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.
v. t.
Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap.
pl.
of Entry
n.
Same as Ectopia.
n.
One who lays snares, or entraps.
n.
An additional or subsequent entry.
a.
Having equal entropy.
n.
Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions.
n.
The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary.
v. t.
To entrap; to insnare.
n.
A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.
imp. & p. p.
of Entrap
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap.
v. t.
See Entrap.
v. t.
To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by the devices of evil men.