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High vacuum pump
Diffusion pumps use a high speed jet of vapor to direct gas molecules in the pump throat down into the bottom of the pump and out the exhaust. They were
Diffusion_pump
Equipment generating a relative vacuum
of vacuum pump, including the molecular drag pump, the diffusion pump, and the turbomolecular pump. Pumps can be broadly categorized according to three
Vacuum_pump
Pump designed to create and maintain high vacuum
turbomolecular pump is a type of vacuum pump, superficially similar to a turbopump, used to obtain and maintain high vacuum. These pumps work on the principle
Turbomolecular_pump
Ion channel enzyme pump found in the membrane of all animal cells
more efficient than simple diffusion. Similar processes are located in the renal tubular system. Failure of the Na+-K+ pumps can result in swelling of
Sodium–potassium_pump
Class of polymers
Vacuum pumps are devices that remove gases from an enclosed space to greatly reduce pressure. Oil diffusion pumps in combination with a fore pump are amongst
Polyphenyl_ether
Manhattan Project codename for a program to produce enriched uranium
diffusers. The gaseous diffusion process required suitable pumps that had to meet stringent requirements. Like the diffusers, the pumps had to resist corrosion
K-25
Type of vacuum pump
10−11 mbar. In contrast to other common UHV pumps, such as turbomolecular pumps and diffusion pumps, ion pumps have no moving parts and use no oil. They
Ion_pump
Chemical compound
Pasternak, R. A. (1960). "An ultra-high vacuum system using an oil-diffusion pump with a non-refrigerated isolation trap". Experientia. 16 (10). Springer
Activated_alumina
Type of vacuum pump
sometimes used to block particular contaminants, for example in front of a diffusion pump to trap backstreaming oil, or in front of a McLeod gauge to keep out
Cryopump
Topics referred to by the same term
its pitch diameter Diffraction pattern, in wave mechanics Diffusion pump, a type of vacuum pump Diphosgene, also called as DP for a chemical warfare agent
DP
German vacuum pump manufacturer
vacuum pumps as of 1906. The collaboration with Wolfgang Gaede resulted in the development of the molecular pump (1911), the mercury diffusion pump (1913)
Leybold_GmbH
Organic functional group (Si–O–Si)
be taken into account.[citation needed] Trisiloxanes may be used as diffusion pump fluid.[citation needed] Cyclomethicones are a group of methyl siloxanes
Siloxane
Transport of dissolved species from the highest to the lowest concentration region
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of
Diffusion
Artificial vacuum with very low pressure
and/or magnetic bearing Ion pumps Titanium sublimation pumps Non-evaporable getter (NEG) pumps Cryopumps Diffusion pumps, especially when used with a
Ultra-high_vacuum
stand-alone pumps. One issue was pumping speed: alternatives such as the diffusion pump are much faster. Secondly, a major issue with these pumps is reliability:
Molecular_drag_pump
Transportation of solutes through membranes
a number of ways: they act as pumps driven by ATP, that is, by metabolic energy, or as channels of facilitated diffusion. A physiological process can only
Membrane_transport
Device that controls current between electrodes
laboratory (Schenectady, New York) had improved Wolfgang Gaede's high-vacuum diffusion pump and used it to settle the question of thermionic emission and conduction
Vacuum_tube
Type of pump using high pressure fluid to entrain a lower pressure fluid
titanium, PTFE, carbon, and other materials. Aspirator (pump) De Laval nozzle Diffusion pump Giovanni Battista Venturi Gustaf de Laval Nozzle Surface
Injector
Type of ejector-jet pump
to gas suction. Deaerator Diffusion pump Injector Vacuum pump Water eductor eductors.net, water eductor High Vacuum Pumping Equipment, B. D. Power, New
Vacuum_ejector
German physicist
following six years, he invented the momentum transfer pump (molecular pump) and a mercury diffusion pump. In 1919, Gaede joined the Karlsruhe Institute of
Wolfgang_Gaede
Marine propulsion system
incorporate aspects of both axial flow and centrifugal flow pumps. Pressure is developed by both diffusion and radial outflow. Mixed flow designs produce lower
Pump-jet
Vacuum pump manufacturer
Vacuum pumps: ultra-high vacuum technologies Edwards". Edwards. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2022. "Diffusion Pumps Edwards"
Edwards_Vacuum
Device that condenses specific vapors and gases
from the pumped cavity. Pumps that use oil either as their working fluid (diffusion pumps), or as their lubricant (mechanical rotary pumps), are often
Cold_trap
resistance, calling it superconductivity. 1915 – Wolfgang Gaede – the Diffusion pump 1920 – Edmund Copeland and Harry Edwards use iso-butane in small refrigerators
Low-temperature technology timeline
Low-temperature_technology_timeline
Any liquid polymerized siloxane with organic side chains
commonly used as the working fluid in dashpots, wet-type transformers, diffusion pumps and in oil-filled heaters. Aerospace use includes the external coolant
Silicone_oil
Imaging and diffraction using electrons that pass through samples
a rotary vane pump or diaphragm pumps setting a sufficiently low pressure to allow the operation of a turbo-molecular or diffusion pump establishing high
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission_electron_microscopy
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
chemical vapor deposition. Equipment with diffusion pumps was replaced with those using turbomolecular pumps, as the latter do not use oil, which often
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Old method of enriching uranium
requirements for pumping and cooling make diffusion plants enormous consumers of electric power. Because of this, gaseous diffusion was the most expensive
Gaseous_diffusion
Vacuum tube used to display images
joining the screen and funnel. The pump used is a turbomolecular pump or a diffusion pump. Formerly mercury vacuum pumps were also used. After baking, the
Cathode_ray_tube
American chemist and physicist (1881–1957)
his PhD work). His first major development was the improvement of the diffusion pump, which ultimately led to the invention of the high-vacuum rectifier
Irving_Langmuir
Transmembrane protein that moves ions across a biological membrane
transporters acting as pumps, but transporters can also function to move molecules through facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion does not require ATP
Ion_transporter
Chemical process
costs of pumps, heaters and heat exchangers. The optimum flow rate will probably be somewhere in the region where both solubility and diffusion are significant
Supercritical fluid extraction
Supercritical_fluid_extraction
Poisoning caused by mercury chemicals
mercury vapor that was being released by his laboratory equipment—diffusion pumps, float valves, and manometers—all of which contained mercury, and also
Mercury_poisoning
Device that generates flow using an electric field
An electroosmotic pump is used for generating flow or pressure by use of an electric field. One application of this is removing liquid flooding water from
Electroosmotic_pump
animation process in the United States. Wolfgang Gaede invents the diffusion pump. William Mills patents, develops and manufactures the Mills bomb, a
1915_in_science
Aerospace engineering campus in California, United States
Building M-1 of STL's Space Technology Center. ... A high-speed oil diffusion pumping system will be capable of lowering pressure in the chamber to 10−7mm
Space_Park
Type of mass spectrometry that uses an inductively coupled plasma to ionize the sample
powerful vacuum systems, most often turbomolecular pumps. Older instruments may have used oil diffusion pumps for high vacuum regions. Before mass separation
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Inductively_coupled_plasma_mass_spectrometry
Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell
The membrane serves both as a capacitor and as a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion pumps actively push ions across the membrane and establish
Membrane_potential
Topics referred to by the same term
a gas pump with no moving parts called a Knudsen pump. It is the currently accepted theory for the rotation of the Crookes radiometer. Diffusion in a temperature
Thermal_diffusion
Magnetic confinement device used to produce thermonuclear fusion power
convection. Turbomolecular or diffusion pumps allow for particles to be evacuated from the bulk volume and cryogenic pumps, consisting of a liquid helium-cooled
Tokamak
Chemical element with atomic number 80 (Hg)
using alcohol. Historically, mercury sphygmomanometers, barometers, diffusion pumps, coulometers, and many other laboratory instruments also took advantage
Mercury_(element)
Decommissioned uranium enrichment facility
The Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) is a facility located in McCracken County, Kentucky, near Paducah, Kentucky that produced enriched uranium
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Paducah_Gaseous_Diffusion_Plant
the source for contamination was traced to an oil diffusion pump and replaced with an oil-free pumping system. In the above examples, the main focus was
Elastic_recoil_detection
At higher vacuum levels (lower pressures), diffusion pumps, absorption, cryogenic pumps are used. Pumps are more like "compressors" since they gather
Vacuum_engineering
Form of active transport of solute through a membrane
enter the cell by way of a protein channel. Unlike diffusion (a form of passive transport), solute pumping requires energy (provided by ATP) to change the
Solute_pumping
X-ray crystallographic technique
into two groups, the pump-probe method and diffusion-trapping methods. In the pump-probe method, the reaction is first triggered (pump) by photolysis (most
Time-resolved_crystallography
Firearm loaded with a cartridge of pellets
Although revolving shotguns do exist, most modern repeating shotguns are either pump action or semi-automatic, and also fully automatic, lever-action, or bolt-action
Shotgun
Large group of transport proteins
Cation diffusion facilitators (CDFs) are transmembrane proteins that provide tolerance of cells to divalent metal ions, such as cadmium, zinc, and cobalt
Cation_diffusion_facilitator
Deposition Derek Harold Richard Barton Deuterium Diamond Diaspore Diatomite Diffusion pump Diopside Diorite Dipole Discovery of the chemical elements Distillation
Index_of_chemistry_articles
Body fluid outside the cells of a multicellular organism
between blood vessels and cells, containing nutrients from capillaries by diffusion and holding waste products discharged by cells due to metabolism. 11 liters
Extracellular_fluid
Technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort
supplemental heat for heat pump systems. The heat pump gained popularity in the 1950s in Japan and the United States. Heat pumps can extract heat from various
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning
Danish physicist
absolute manometer and Knudsen gauge; and one gas pump that operates without moving parts, the Knudsen pump. His book, The Kinetic Theory of Gases (London
Martin_Knudsen
Arab transformation of agriculture in medieval Spain
major books by Ibn Bassal and Ibn al-'Awwam, demonstrates the extensive diffusion of useful plants to medieval Spain (al-Andalus), and the growth in Islamic
Arab_Agricultural_Revolution
Protein that moves other materials within an organism
A transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion
Transport_protein
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
passively through protein channels such as aquaporins in facilitated diffusion or are pumped across the membrane by transmembrane transporters. Protein channel
Cell_membrane
Engine that uses steam to perform mechanical work
steam-powered water pump for draining mines. Thomas Savery is considered the inventor of the first commercially used steam powered device, a steam pump that used
Steam_engine
South African – Israeli biophysicist
Bronner, F; Stein, WD (1998). "CaBPr Facilitates Intracellular Diffusion for Ca Pumping in Distal Convoluted Tubule". Am J Physiol. 255 (3): F558-62. doi:10
Wilfred_Stein
Homogenous cloud producer
air intended primarily to make light beams visible or create a subtle diffusion. Unlike theatrical fog, which is typically intended to be dense and/or
Haze_machine
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
heat partly by diffusion, as well. Another form of convection is forced convection. In this case, the fluid is forced to flow by using a pump, fan, or other
Heat_transfer
Water purification process
the solution's pressure and concentration. RO instead involves solvent diffusion across a membrane that is either nonporous or uses nanofiltration with
Reverse_osmosis
Efficiency standard of air filters
combination of the following three mechanisms: Diffusion; particles below 0.3 μm are captured by diffusion in a HEPA filter. This mechanism is a result
HEPA
Where fluid motion is generated by an external source
transport, in which fluid motion is generated by an external source (like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.). Alongside natural convection, thermal radiation
Forced_convection
Heat transfer due to the movement of fluid
convective heat transfer involves the combined processes of conduction (heat diffusion) and advection (heat transfer by bulk fluid flow). Convection is usually
Convection_(heat_transfer)
Type of transistor
transistor formed by diffusing dopants into a semiconductor substrate. The diffusion process was developed later than the alloy-junction and grown junction
Diffused_junction_transistor
Process by which gases diffuse through a biological membrane
exchange is the physiological process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. For example, this surface might be the air/water interface
Gas_exchange
Biological system in animals and plants for gas exchange
the microscopic alveoli (in mammals) and atria (in birds). Air has to be pumped from the environment into the alveoli or atria by the process of breathing
Respiratory_system
Glucose being transported from the blood into cells
glucose transporters, primarily via facilitated diffusion or active transport mechanisms: Facilitated Diffusion is a passive process that relies on carrier
Glucose_uptake
Membrane protein involved in transportation
in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis, or reverse diffusion. The two main types of proteins involved in such
Membrane_transport_protein
Sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution
carbonate pump could be termed the carbonate counter pump. It works counter to the biological pump by counteracting the CO2 flux from the biological pump. Oceanographers
Dissolved_inorganic_carbon
Topics referred to by the same term
Illinois The UpTake, a Minnesota-based citizen journalist organization Diffusion (business), the acceptance or adoption of a new product or idea Absorption
Uptake
Manhattan Project uranium enrichment facility
diffusion during World War II. It was one of three technologies for uranium enrichment pursued by the Manhattan Project. The liquid thermal diffusion
S-50_(Manhattan_Project)
Medical therapy for kidney failure
works on the principles of the diffusion of solutes and ultrafiltration of fluid across a semipermeable membrane. Diffusion is a property of substances in
Kidney_dialysis
British physicist and metallurgist (1905-1982)
his developments of X-ray tubes, continuously evacuated valves and diffusion pumps, and his work on production of hard metals. During the Second World
Charles_Sykes_(metallurgist)
Removal of pollution from soil, groundwater, etc
approaches consist of soil excavation and disposal to landfill and groundwater "pump and treat". In-situ technologies include but are not limited to: solidification
Environmental_remediation
Direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa
inhomogeneous body, assumed to be stable, not suffering amalgamation by diffusion of matter. The surroundings are arranged to maintain two temperature reservoirs
Thermoelectric_effect
District in London, England
nearest access to water was the Broad Street pump. He persuaded the authorities to remove the handle of the pump, thus preventing any more of the infected
Soho
Reactive material used to create a vacuum in a system
system (tiny leaks or diffusion through a permeable material). Even in systems which are continually evacuated by a vacuum pump, getters are also used
Getter
American engineer
pdf Hoffman, Dorothy M (1979), "Operation and maintenance of a diffusion-pumped vacuum system", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 16 (1), AVS:
Dorothy_Hoffman
Gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane
higher concentration to the area of lower concentration through simple diffusion. Ions also carry an electric charge that forms an electric potential across
Electrochemical_gradient
Closed-cycle regenerative heat engine
difference will develop across the machine; in this way it acts as a heat pump. The Stirling engine was invented by Scotsman Robert Stirling in 1816 as
Stirling_engine
light, and after the pump beams are turned off, the detected signal decays at an exponential rate proportional to the relevant diffusion coefficient(s). FRS
Forced_Rayleigh_scattering
Respiratory organ in aquatic animals
surface area in contact with the external environment, which allows optimal diffusion. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the gills of aquatic animals
Gill
Medical imaging technique
also may be used to form images of non-living objects, such as mummies. Diffusion MRI and functional MRI extend the utility of MRI to capture neuronal tracts
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
variations in pumping. This variation causes fluctuations at the reactant interfaces which can disrupt laminar flow and affect diffusion and crossover
Membraneless_Fuel_Cells
Equation describing the penetration length of a liquid into a capillary tube with time
{\displaystyle L=(Dt)^{\frac {1}{2}}} , where D {\displaystyle D} is a simplified diffusion coefficient. This relationship, which holds true for a variety of situations
Washburn's_equation
Region of the Middle East
became squeezed against the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The Saharan pump theory posits that this Middle Eastern land bridge was extremely important
Fertile_Crescent
Air movement to, within, and from indoor spaces
Handbook, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2005 Designer's Guide to Ceiling-Based Room Air Diffusion, Rock and Zhu, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA, 2002 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals
Room_air_distribution
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
predeposition, as well as Fuller, Ditzenberger's and others work on the diffusion of impurities into silicon. Unlike Kilby's germanium-based design, Noyce's
Integrated_circuit
Aspects of fluid mechanics involving fluid flow
Ground source heat pump Heat exchanger Heat pipe Heat pump Heating film Heating system HEPA High efficiency glandless circulating pump High-pressure cut-off
Fluid_dynamics
Most advanced technology available
Technocracy movement Technological singularity Transhumanism Studies Diffusion of innovations Technology transfer Futures studies Technology forecasting
High_tech
Centralized heat distribution system
fuels or biomass, but heat-only boiler stations, geothermal heating, heat pumps and central solar heating are also used, as well as heat waste from factories
District_heating
Mathematical concept applicable to physics
original definition.) Diffusion flux, the rate of movement of molecules across a unit area (mol·m−2·s−1). (Fick's law of diffusion) Volumetric flux, the
Flux
Change in a cell's electric charge distribution
ion channels in the plasma membrane. This not only prevents the diffusion of ions pumped across the membrane but also involves the activity of potassium
Depolarization
Medical imaging technique
per scan). Diffusion-weighted MRI has been proven effective and is commonly used with hyperpolarized gases to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient
Hyperpolarized_gas_MRI
Video-generating LLM (2024–2026)
behind DALL-E 3. According to OpenAI, Sora is a diffusion transformer, a denoising latent diffusion model with one transformer as its denoiser. A video
Sora_(text-to-video_model)
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
gaseous diffusion plant and the K-25 power plant. The latter provided energy to both the K-25 gaseous diffusion plant and the S-50 thermal diffusion plant
Manhattan_Project
American nuclear materials company
facility for the production of enriched uranium through gaseous diffusion. In gaseous diffusion, isotopes of Uranium-235 could be separated from Uranium-238
Kellex_Corporation
Organ found in humans and other animals
passive process of diffusion. In the left heart, oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped into the left ventricle
Heart
State in southern India
ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) "The Medieval Spice Trade and the Diffusion of the Chile". Gastronomica. 7. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original
Tamil_Nadu
Species of cephalopod
rate of diffusion is affected by the distance the oxygen has to travel from the water to the bloodstream as indicated by Fick's laws of diffusion. Fick's
Common_octopus
DIFFUSION PUMP
DIFFUSION PUMP
Girl/Female
Biblical
Effusion of blood.
Biblical
the effusion of them; a high heap;watchful;
Biblical
effusion of blood
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bellew.English : metonymic occupational name for a bellows maker or someone who pumped the bellows, for example for a blacksmith or for a church organ, from Middle English beli. Until the early 15th century the term was normally used in the singular.Variant spelling of Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) and Russian Beloff.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Jain, Traditional
Born from a Pumpkin
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Radiance; Diffusing Light
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Ash Guard; Pumpkin
Girl/Female
Andhra, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu
Radiance; Diffusing Light; Goddess Lakshmi; Money; Bright Light; Beautiful; Intelligent; Thankful; Modest
Biblical
effusion; inclination; theft
Girl/Female
Muslim
The effusion of them, A high heap
Boy/Male
Christian, German, Indian
The Effusion of them; A High Heap
Boy/Male
Biblical
Diffusion; inclination; theft.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Diffusion; inclination; theft.
DIFFUSION PUMP
DIFFUSION PUMP
Boy/Male
Irish
Twin.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Beloved of Shree Sai Baba
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Humble
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Teutonic
Home Ruler; Ruler of the Home or Estate
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prabhakar | பà¯à®°à®ªà®¾à®•à®°
The Sun
Girl/Female
Australian, Indian, Sanskrit
A Female Tortoise
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nandkumar | நஂதகà¯à®®à®¾à®°
Joyful, Happy, Pleasure (father of Krishna)
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Prayer
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Latin
Faithful; Steadfastness
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shiva
DIFFUSION PUMP
DIFFUSION PUMP
DIFFUSION PUMP
DIFFUSION PUMP
DIFFUSION PUMP
n.
The act or process of suffusing, or state of being suffused; an overspreading.
n.
The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like.
n.
One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist.
n.
A blending of one color into another; the spreading of one color over another, as on the feathers of birds.
n.
Act or state of swimming; suffusion.
a.
Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant.
n.
The emission and diffusion of rays of light.
v. t.
The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; as, the infusion of good principles into the mind; the infusion of ardor or zeal.
a.
Expansive; diffusive.
n.
That with which a thing is suffused.
a.
Having the quality of diffusing; capable of spreading every way by flowing; spreading widely; widely reaching; copious; diffuse.
n.
The act of passing by osmosis through animal membranes, as in the distribution of poisons, gases, etc., through the body. Unlike absorption, diffusion may go on after death, that is, after the blood ceases to circulate.
n.
Effusion; loss.
a.
Having power to diffuse itself; diffusing itself.
adv.
In a diffusive manner.
n.
A decoction or infusion.
a.
Prepared by diffusion through an animal membrane; as, dialyzed iron.
n.
Infusion.
n.
The act of diffusing, or the state of being diffused; a spreading; extension; dissemination; circulation; dispersion.
n.
A flowing in; infusion.