AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for THERMAL DIFFUSION
Search references for THERMAL DIFFUSION. Phrases containing THERMAL DIFFUSION
See searches and references containing THERMAL DIFFUSION!
Search references for THERMAL DIFFUSION. Phrases containing THERMAL DIFFUSION
See searches and references containing THERMAL DIFFUSION!THERMAL DIFFUSION
Topics referred to by the same term
Thermal diffusion may refer to: A thermal force on a gas due to a temperature gradient, also called thermal diffusion or Thermal transpiration. It is used
Thermal_diffusion
Molecular diffusion under the effect of a thermal gradient
W. L. Taylor; S. Weissman; W. J. Haubach; P. T. Pickett (1960). "Thermal‐Diffusion Factors for the Neon–Xenon System". J. Chem. Phys. 50 (11): 4886–4898
Thermophoresis
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
gaseous diffusion plant and the K-25 power plant. The latter provided energy to both the K-25 gaseous diffusion plant and the S-50 thermal diffusion plant
Manhattan_Project
Manhattan Project uranium enrichment facility
thermal diffusion during World War II. It was one of three technologies for uranium enrichment pursued by the Manhattan Project. The liquid thermal diffusion
S-50_(Manhattan_Project)
Manhattan Project codename for a program to produce enriched uranium
Gaseous diffusion was but one of three enrichment technologies used by the Manhattan Project. Slightly enriched product from the S-50 thermal diffusion plant
K-25
Uranium processed to increase the percentage of uranium-235
operating; it was the last commercial 235U gaseous diffusion plant in the world. Thermal diffusion uses the transfer of heat across a thin liquid or gas
Enriched_uranium
Transport of dissolved species from the highest to the lowest concentration region
equation, diffusion of thermal energy Itō diffusion, mathematisation of Brownian motion, continuous stochastic process. Knudsen diffusion of gas in long
Diffusion
Manhattan Project uranium enrichment facility
the Navy's experiments on thermal diffusion. Oppenheimer wrote to Groves suggesting that the output of a thermal diffusion plant could be fed into Y-12
Clinton_Engineer_Works
Properties of a thermal boundary layer
with thermal diffusion turned off but with velocity u 0 {\displaystyle u_{0}} and temperature T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} . With no thermal diffusion, the
Thermal boundary layer thickness and shape
Thermal_boundary_layer_thickness_and_shape
Statistical mechanics framework
1} ) For the transport coefficients: viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion and thermal diffusion, RET provides expressions that exactly reduce to
Chapman–Enskog_theory
Process of galvanization of ferrous metal surfaces
Sherardising or Zinc thermal diffusion is a process of galvanization of ferrous metal surfaces, also called vapour galvanising and dry galvanizing. The
Sherardising
Process by which heat is transferred within an object
Thermal conduction is the diffusion of thermal energy (heat) within one material or between materials in contact. The higher temperature object has molecules
Thermal_conduction
Concept from evolutionary biology
cellular structure as a consequence of hydrogen's diffusion coefficient being larger than the thermal diffusion coefficient. In combustion literature, Turing
Turing_pattern
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
Fick's law for binary gas mixtures are given below. These assume: thermal diffusion is negligible; the body force per unit mass is the same on both species;
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
Astrogeological concept
"Growth and evolution of small porous icy bodies with an adaptive-grid thermal evolution code: I. Application to Kuiper belt objects and Enceladus". Icarus
Planetary_differentiation
Old method of enriching uranium
used the thermal diffusion process to enrich the uranium from 0.7% up to nearly 2% 235U. This product was then fed into the gaseous diffusion process at
Gaseous_diffusion
Combustion that leads on to an explosion
commonly referred to as the flame or flame front. In equilibrium, thermal diffusion across the flame front is balanced by the heat supplied by burning
Deflagration
Passage of fluid through the circulatory or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue
Perfusion can be determined by measuring the total thermal diffusion and then separating it into thermal conductivity and perfusion components. rCBF is usually
Perfusion
Understanding of gas properties in terms of molecular motion
as "transport properties", such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity and thermal diffusion. In its most basic form, kinetic gas theory is
Kinetic_theory_of_gases
Exhibition at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
was so short, it did not have time to diffuse or be dissipated by thermal diffusion. This meant that the immediate surfaces of affected objects were raised
Human_Shadow_Etched_in_Stone
Convection with two density gradients
downward extension of a salt finger. As this finger grows, additional thermal diffusion accelerates this effect. Double diffusive convection plays a significant
Double_diffusive_convection
Failed attempt by the Empire of Japan to develop nuclear technology
uranium hexafluoride, and an unsuccessful attempt to enrich it via thermal diffusion in a Clusius tube. The Imperial Japanese Navy also supported the "F-Go
Japanese nuclear weapons programs
Japanese_nuclear_weapons_programs
Type of particle counter
1888. Thermal diffusion. Mixing of hot and cold gases. The most usually used (also the most efficient) method is cooling by thermal diffusion. Most abundantly
Condensation_particle_counter
Intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor
photolithography — are further doped by such processes as thermal diffusion doping (tube furnace diffusion) and ion implantation, the latter method being more
Doping_(semiconductor)
Model for describing diffusion
The Maxwell–Stefan diffusion (or Stefan–Maxwell diffusion) is a model for describing diffusion in multicomponent systems. The equations that describe
Maxwell–Stefan_diffusion
British nuclear weapons research during WW2
types of isotope separation. Chadwick's group at Liverpool dealt with thermal diffusion, which worked based on the principle that different isotopes of uranium
Tube_Alloys
Thermal transpiration (or thermal diffusion) refers to the thermal force on a gas due to a temperature difference. Thermal transpiration causes a flow
Thermal_transpiration
Ability of a material to exchange energy with surroundings
The thermal diffusivity of a material is α = λ / ( ρ c p ) {\displaystyle \alpha =\lambda /(\rho c_{p})} . From the heat equation (or diffusion equation)
Thermal_effusivity
Brain blood supply
specific brain region. rCBF at one location can be measured over time by thermal diffusion Muoio V, Persson PB, Sendeski MM (April 2014). "The neurovascular
Cerebral_circulation
American physical chemist (1893–1981)
George Kistiakowsky suggested gaseous diffusion might be a possible method. A third possibility was thermal diffusion. Urey coordinated all isotope separation
Harold_Urey
American physicist
propulsion. During World War II he was involved in the development of thermal diffusion technology for isotope separation. After the war Gunn became director
Ross_Gunn
Topics referred to by the same term
enrichment by gaseous diffusion during World War II and for many years thereafter S-50, conducted uranium enrichment by thermal diffusion during the Manhattan
Oak_Ridge_nuclear_facility
Rare isotope of carbon
the major carbon-12 isotope via techniques such as thermal diffusion, chemical exchange, gas diffusion, laser, cryogenic distillation, or chemical exchange
Carbon-13
Subset of the metamaterial family
Diffusion metamaterials are a subset of the metamaterial family, which primarily comprises thermal metamaterials, particle diffusion metamaterials, and
Diffusion_metamaterial
Partial differential equation describing the evolution of temperature in a region
^{2}u} In physics and engineering contexts, especially in the context of diffusion through a medium, it is more common to fix a Cartesian coordinate system
Heat_equation
Movement of ions in an electrical field
{NDQ}{kT^{2}}}\nabla T} . We use Q {\displaystyle Q} the heat of thermal diffusion. J → σ = N D Ω k T ∇ H {\displaystyle {\vec {J}}_{\sigma }={\frac
Electromigration
electromagnetic and gaseous diffusion processes were chosen for isotope separation of Uranium, as research into the centrifuge and liquid thermal processes had not
Timeline of the Manhattan Project
Timeline_of_the_Manhattan_Project
Drift between charged and neutral particles in a plasma
smaller than the electron thermal velocity, but usually much larger than the ion thermal velocity. In astrophysics, "ambipolar diffusion" refers specifically
Ambipolar_diffusion
British nuclear weapons research group, 1940–1941
By the end of the summer in 1940, Peierls preferred gaseous diffusion to thermal diffusion. A paper was received from the United States in which George
MAUD_Committee
Exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems
diffusion) Forced diffusion occurs because of the action of some external force Diffusion can be caused by temperature gradients (thermal diffusion)
Transport_phenomena
Process creating a thin layer of (usually) silicon dioxide
In microfabrication, thermal oxidation is a way to produce a thin layer of oxide (usually silicon dioxide) on the surface of a wafer. The technique forces
Thermal_oxidation
Separation technique to characterize the size of colloidal particles
translational diffusion coefficient or the hydrodynamic size. For a thermal field (heating one wall and cooling the other), it is the ratio of the thermal and the
Field_flow_fractionation
Electric vehicle fast charging system
impacts at ten times the force required by national standards and thermal diffusion tests involving four simultaneous cell short circuits, which resulted
BYD_Flash_Charging
Dimensionless quantity associated with free convection of a fluid
transport via diffusion time scale for thermal transport via convection at speed u . {\displaystyle \mathrm {Ra} ={\frac {\text{time scale for thermal transport
Rayleigh_number
used to measure diffusion on length scales of roughly 10 μm. Many FRS experiments have been carried out on thermal and mass diffusion in liquids, and
Forced_Rayleigh_scattering
Combination of the diffusion and convection (advection) equations
D is the diffusivity (also called diffusion coefficient), such as mass diffusivity for particle motion or thermal diffusivity for heat transport, v is
Convection–diffusion_equation
Thermal motion of liquid or gas particles at temperatures above absolute zero
Molecular diffusion is the motion of atoms, molecules, or other particles of a gas or liquid at temperatures above absolute zero. The rate of this movement
Molecular_diffusion
Concept in fluid dynamics
gradients caused by temperature gradients. Then the relevant diffusion process is that of thermal energy (heat). Another is surface gradients caused by variations
Marangoni_number
Infrared microscopy technique
resolution due to thermal diffusion - the spreading of heat away from the region where the infrared light was absorbed. The thermal diffusion length (the distance
Infrared Nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR)
Infrared_Nanospectroscopy_(AFM-IR)
Physical phenomenon
particles can be considered to move freely with the thermal velocity vth between collisions, and the diffusion coefficient takes the form D = v th 2 / ν {\displaystyle
Bohm_diffusion
Ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons
equilibrium concentration. These vacancies tend to migrate as a result of thermal diffusion towards vacancy sinks (i.e., grain boundaries, dislocations) but exist
Neutron_radiation
Rate at which heat spreads throughout a material
In thermodynamics, thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. It is a measure
Thermal_diffusivity
Quickly heats semiconductor wafers to high temperatures
Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is a semiconductor manufacturing process which heats silicon wafers to temperatures exceeding 1,000°C for not more than
Rapid_thermal_processing
Type of functional equation (mathematics)
example ODEs describing radioactive decay and PDEs for heat transfer by thermal diffusion. These lead to special functions, which may be defined as solutions
Differential_equation
American computer scientist
Physics in 1966. Frankel, S. Phillips, “Elementary Derivation of Thermal Diffusion”, Physical Review, Volume 57, Number 7, April 1, 1940, p. 661. Frankel
Stan_Frankel
Physical phenomenon
surrounding gaseous phase (commonly air), formed there by the diffusion of the thermal pulsations. The main physical picture, in this case, envisions
Photoacoustic_effect
US Department of Energy facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, US
uranium-235 for Little Boy came in the early summer of 1945. The S-50 Thermal Diffusion Plant at the K-25 site also provided feed material for Y-12's Beta
Y-12 National Security Complex
Y-12_National_Security_Complex
Dutch research institute
institute to successfully enrich Uranium. Soon after, research on thermal diffusion in gases followed, as did ultracentrifuge concepts, cathode dispersion
AMOLF
Method of utilizing water in magnetic resonance imaging
best estimate of the rate of water diffusion at that location. Because the mobility of water is driven by thermal agitation and highly dependent on its
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Diffusion-weighted_magnetic_resonance_imaging
American physicist (1901–1958)
feed from the new S-50 thermal diffusion plant. The next month it received enhanced (5%) feed from the K-25 gaseous diffusion plant. By April 1945 K-25
Ernest_Lawrence
Capacity of a material to conduct heat
The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by k {\displaystyle k} , λ {\displaystyle \lambda
Thermal conductivity and resistivity
Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity
Resistance of a fluid to shear deformation
theory for Mie fluids: Prediction of diffusion coefficients, thermal diffusion coefficients, viscosities, and thermal conductivities". The Journal of Chemical
Viscosity
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
equations for thermal energy (Fourier's law), mechanical momentum (Newton's law for fluids), and mass transfer (Fick's laws of diffusion) are similar,
Heat_transfer
Manhattan Project personnel program
Y-12 Electromagnetic Plant, 500 to the K-25 Gaseous Diffusion Plant, 126 to the S-50 Thermal Diffusion Plant, and 100 to the X-10 Graphite Reactor. Another
Special_Engineer_Detachment
Sweet and viscous substance made by bees
honey does not transfer heat through momentum diffusion (convection) but rather through thermal diffusion (more like a solid), so melting crystallized
Honey
Physics facility at CERN
subsequently extracted from the bulk of the target material through thermal diffusion processes by heating the target to about 2,000 °C. The cocktail of
ISOLDE
1943 US–UK nuclear weapons agreement
types of isotope separation. Chadwick's group at Liverpool dealt with thermal diffusion, a phenomenon observed in mixtures of mobile particles where the different
Quebec_Agreement
Ratio of a fluid's advective and diffusive transport rates
the rate of advection of a physical quantity by the flow to the rate of diffusion of the same quantity driven by an appropriate gradient. In the context
Péclet_number
Soviet–American theoretical physicist (1928–2017)
of Sciences, where he received his Ph.D. in 1951 for the theory of thermal diffusion in plasmas, and then his Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)
American physicist
killed in an accident at the Philadelphia Naval Yard where a prototype thermal diffusion isotope separation device was being constructed. The priest of the
Arnold_Kramish
Chemical element with atomic number 92 (U)
tunable lasers such as dye lasers. Another method used is liquid thermal diffusion. The only significant deviation from the 235U to 238U ratio in any
Uranium
City in Tennessee, United States
S-50 liquid thermal diffusion plant was demolished soon after the war. The K-25 building, where uranium was enriched by the gaseous diffusion process until
Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee
German scientist (1913–2017)
November 2017) was a German chemist and physicist. He developed a thermal diffusion method of separating isotopes with Klaus Clusius in 1938, sometimes
Gerhard_Dickel
Materials characterization technique
localized thermal analysis, where the probe is heated rapidly to avoid thermal diffusion through the sample and the response of the substance in immediate
Microthermal_analysis
American physicist and geochemist
analysis. Part II. Intermolecular forces in gases and thermal diffusion: the thermal diffusion coefficient of argon at low temperatures (1941) Doctoral
Harrison_Brown
program's Riken laboratory constructs the country's first Clusius tube thermal diffusion design for uranium enrichment. In March, the 305 Test Pile begins
Timeline_of_nuclear_power
First technical exposition of a practical nuclear weapon
work on it. He began experimenting with uranium enrichment through thermal diffusion, a process first demonstrated in Germany by Klaus Clusius. Progress
Frisch–Peierls_memorandum
Use of ions to cause chemical changes
implantation is not used in most photovoltaic silicon cells, instead, thermal diffusion doping is used. One prominent method for preparing silicon on insulator
Ion_implantation
{c_{p}\mu }{k}}} Ludwig Prandtl heat transfer (ratio of viscous diffusion rate over thermal diffusion rate) Pressure coefficient CP C p = p − p ∞ 1 2 ρ ∞ V ∞
Dimensionless numbers in fluid mechanics
Dimensionless_numbers_in_fluid_mechanics
Non-local formulation of continuum mechanics
bio-membranes, and more. Furthermore, peridynamics has been extended to thermal diffusion theory, enabling the modeling of heat conduction in materials with
Peridynamics
Form of climate change
Dryas termination using published GISP2 gas isotope data and air thermal diffusion constants". Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (5–6): 513–9. Bibcode:2005QSRv
Abrupt_climate_change
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
material in order to modify its electrical properties. Initially thermal diffusion with furnaces at 900 to 1200 °C with gases containing dopants were
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
US Navy shipyard in Pennsylvania
Wisconsin. In the Naval Laboratory, Philip Abelson developed the liquid thermal diffusion technique for separating uranium-235 for the Manhattan Project. The
Philadelphia_Naval_Shipyard
Code name for Pakistan's nuclear bomb program
method of isotope separation molecular laser isotopes, gaseous and thermal diffusion. All of these methods were developed and supervised under Shaukat
Project-706
Scanning electron microscope with a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber
towards the anode electrode but the electrons also move radially due to thermal diffusion from collisions with the gas molecules. The variation of electron
Environmental scanning electron microscope
Environmental_scanning_electron_microscope
experimentally and no change in signal was observed; second, the calculated thermal diffusion length in SiNx and Si cantilevers at the SJEM working frequency (typically
Scanning joule expansion microscopy
Scanning_joule_expansion_microscopy
NASA atmospheric mission to Venus (1978)
Taylor, Harry A. (6 July 1979). "Venus Ionosphere: Photochemical and Thermal Diffusion Control of Ion Composition". Science. 205 (4401): 109–112. Bibcode:1979Sci
Pioneer_Venus_Multiprobe
Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
the destabilization of the slab from warming and broadening due to thermal diffusion. Slabs that penetrate directly into the lower mantle result in slower
Oceanic_trench
Form of central heating and cooling
performance. Thermal diffusions and surface temperature quality (efficacy) of various piping layouts Typical FEA output screen shots of wire mesh, thermal isotherms
Underfloor_heating
Instrinsic flame instability
Diffusive–thermal instability or thermo–diffusive instability is an intrinsic flame instability that occurs both in premixed flames and in diffusion flames
Diffusive–thermal_instability
Fabrication at micrometre scales and smaller
devices can also be performed. Some examples include: Doping by either thermal diffusion or ion implantation Chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) Wafer
Microfabrication
Method for determining the age of objects
amount of 14 C in the sample before testing. This can be done with a thermal diffusion column. The process takes about a month and requires a sample about
Radiocarbon_dating
Deep optics imaging technique
spelling] can be switched on. However, due to the thermal diffusion or conduction, ultrasound-induced thermal energy need to be confined within the focal volume
Ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging
Ultrasound-switchable_fluorescence_imaging
American physicist (1898–1977)
by Thermal Diffusion Beams 1950 *(filed 1944) U.S. patent 2,521,891 Valve Beams, Snoddy, Hoxton 1950 *(filed 1944) U.S. patent 2,525,197 Thermal Flowmeter
Jesse_Beams
governed by diffusion equations. The software was originally designed as a general thermal analyzer for the spacecraft and launch vehicle thermal community
Systems Improved Numerical Differential Analyzer
Systems_Improved_Numerical_Differential_Analyzer
Digital printing technology with wide color range
card printers and dedicated photo printers, often under the name dye diffusion thermal transfer (D2T2). The term was later also applied to the indirect sublimation
Dye-sublimation_printing
been evaluated for their adhesion and diffusion barrier properties. Aluminum provides good electrical and thermal conductivity, adhesion and reliability
Diffusion_barrier
German scientist (1912–1996)
1944, using three methods; centrifugal force, electromagnetism and thermal diffusion. It was built by BAMAG-MEGUIN under the direction of Kurt Diebner
Erich_Bagge
to distinguish whether particle motion inside cells are driven by thermal diffusion or by repercussions from active motor proteins like non-muscle myosin
Force_spectrum_microscopy
Hop diffusion is a non-Brownian diffusion of proteins and lipid molecules within the plasma membrane. Hop diffusion occurs due to the discontinuity of
Hop_diffusion
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION
THERMAL DIFFUSION