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Diffraction tomography is an inverse scattering technique used to find the shape of a scattering object by illuminating it with probing waves and recording
Diffraction_tomography
Process of calculating the causal factors that produced a set of observations
large number of parameters (the number of unknowns involved in some diffraction tomography applications can reach one billion), solving the linear system associated
Inverse_problem
Particle data acquisition technique
X-ray diffraction computed tomography is an experimental technique that combines X-ray diffraction with the computed tomography data acquisition approach
X-ray diffraction computed tomography
X-ray_diffraction_computed_tomography
Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter
overview of electron diffraction and electron diffraction patterns, collectively referred to by the generic name electron diffraction. This includes aspects
Electron_diffraction
Technology for measuring geometrical dimensions of particle
Laser diffraction analysis, also known as laser diffraction spectroscopy, is a technology that utilizes diffraction patterns of a laser beam passed through
Laser_diffraction_analysis
Connective tissue in the breast that help maintain structural integrity
them in 1840. Their anatomy can be revealed using transmission diffraction tomography. Cooper's suspensory ligament should not be confused with the pectineal
Cooper's_ligaments
equation for a monochromatic wavelength. HT is also known as optical diffraction tomography. HT provides following advantages over conventional 3D microscopic
Holotomography
Averaging technique for electron diffraction
Precession electron diffraction (PED) is a specialized method to collect electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). By
Precession electron diffraction
Precession_electron_diffraction
Crystallographic electron diffraction technique
times larger, the electrons are diffracted on the crystal lattice, acting as a diffraction grating. Due to the diffraction, part of the electrons is scattered
Selected_area_diffraction
Medical diagnostic method
Terahertz tomography is a class of tomography where sectional imaging is done by terahertz radiation. Terahertz radiation is electromagnetic radiation
Terahertz_tomography
Computational imaging technique in microscopy
correction of the aberrations of the microscope objective, and diffraction tomography which permits the 3D reconstruction of thin sample objects without
Fourier_ptychography
Upwelling of abnormally hot rock within Earth's mantle
boundary. For the Hawaii hotspot, long-period seismic body wave diffraction tomography provided evidence that a mantle plume is responsible, as had been
Mantle_plume
Imaging technique
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging technique with most of its applications in medicine and biology. OCT uses coherent near-infrared
Optical_coherence_tomography
Algorithmic imaging methods that reconstruct quantitative phase and amplitude
digital refocusing and can be extended to three dimensions through diffraction tomography and multislice reconstruction models. These developments established
Computational_microscopy
Microscopy technique using X-rays
using laboratory diffraction contrast tomography (LabDCT), a technique derived from 3DXRD. Diffraction X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRD-CT) Synchrotron
Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction
Three-dimensional_X-ray_diffraction
Specialized technique for electron diffraction
used. Other electron diffraction methods that have been developed and demonstrated to work include Automated Diffraction Tomography (ADT) and Rotation Electron
Microcrystal electron diffraction
Microcrystal_electron_diffraction
Method of capturing a multi-wavelength data cube
The computed tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) is a snapshot imaging spectrometer which can produce in fine the three-dimensional (i.e. spatial and
Computed tomography imaging spectrometer
Computed_tomography_imaging_spectrometer
Any technique to improve resolution of an imaging system beyond conventional limits
imaging system, thus achieving "super resolution" (SR). In optical SR the diffraction limit of systems is transcended by means of a super lens, while in geometrical
Super-resolution_imaging
Book by Max Born and Emil Wolf
scattering, and had more recently been derived for optical scattering. Diffraction tomography is discussed. It is applied when the finite wavelength of the waves
Principles_of_Optics
Recording to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
to understand interference and diffraction. Interference occurs when one or more wavefronts are superimposed. Diffraction occurs when a wavefront encounters
Holography
facility at DESY for X-ray diffraction experiments. 2007 - Ute Kolb and co-workers developed automated diffraction tomography for electron crystallography
Timeline_of_crystallography
Mirror-based electronic display technology
"Time-multiplexed structured illumination using a DMD for optical diffraction tomography". Optics Letters. 42 (5): 999–1002. arXiv:1612.00044. Bibcode:2017OptL
Digital_micromirror_device
Tomography technique
software imod tomography software X-ray diffraction computed tomography R. Hovden; D. A. Muller (2020). "Electron tomography for functional nanomaterials". MRS
Electron_tomography
Imaging and diffraction using electrons that pass through samples
strength of current to the intermediate lens, the diffraction pattern is projected on a screen. Diffraction is a very powerful tool for doing a cell reconstruction
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission_electron_microscopy
Imaging using the photoacoustic effect
systems, photoacoustic/thermoacoustic computed tomography (also known as photoacoustic/thermoacoustic tomography, i.e., PAT/TAT) and photoacoustic microscopy
Photoacoustic_imaging
Scanning electron microscopy technique
information within each diffraction pattern can be analysed in more detail. For texture and orientation measurements, the diffraction patterns are binned
Electron backscatter diffraction
Electron_backscatter_diffraction
Three-dimensional imaging technique
Cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) is an imaging technique used to reconstruct high-resolution (~1–4 nm) three-dimensional volumes of samples, often
Cryogenic_electron_tomography
Reconstruction of binary images from a small number of their projections
Discrete tomography focuses on the problem of reconstruction of binary images (or finite subsets of the integer lattice) from a small number of their projections
Discrete_tomography
Medical diagnostic method
X-ray computed tomography operates by using an X-ray generator that rotates around the object; X-ray detectors are positioned on the opposite side of the
Operation of computed tomography
Operation_of_computed_tomography
Non-crystalline solid
needed] Unlike crystalline materials, which exhibit strong Bragg diffraction, the diffraction patterns of amorphous materials are characterized by broad and
Amorphous_solid
Medical imaging technique
ionizing radiation, which distinguishes it from computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. MRI is a medical application of nuclear
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Technique to investigate atomic structures using neutron scattering
to obtain a diffraction pattern that provides information of the structure of the material. The technique is similar to X-ray diffraction but, due to
Neutron_diffraction
electron diffraction CCM – Charge collection microscopy CDI – Coherent diffraction imaging CE – Capillary electrophoresis CET – Cryo-electron tomography CL
List of materials analysis methods
List_of_materials_analysis_methods
Computational imaging technique
Time-resolved and life-time microscopy Fluorescence spectroscopy X-ray diffraction tomography Biomedical imaging Terahertz and ultrafast imaging Magnetic resonance
Single-pixel_imaging
Imaging systems using changes in phase
information only in the diffraction direction, but is not sensitive to angular deviations on the plane perpendicular to the diffraction plane. This sensitivity
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Volcanism away from plate margins
boundary. For the Hawaii hotspot, long-period seismic body wave diffraction tomography provided evidence that a mantle plume is responsible, as had been
Intraplate_volcanism
Scanning microscopy using thin samples and transmitted electrons
above). CBED differs from conventional electron diffraction in that CBED patterns consist of diffraction disks, rather than spots. The width of CBED disks
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy
Study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy
equation for a monochromatic wavelength. HT is also known as optical diffraction tomography. The combination of holography and rotational scanning allows long-term
Live-cell_imaging
Indirectly forming images from measurements using algorithms
recording many diffraction patterns from overlapping regions of a sample. A localized coherent probe is scanned across the specimen, and a diffraction pattern
Computational_imaging
Imaging technique used in seismology
These allow for the imaging of the crust and upper mantle. Diffraction and wave equation tomography use the full waveform, rather than just the first arrival
Seismic_tomography
Type of microscope with electrons as a source of illumination
electron diffraction mode where a map of the angles of the electrons leaving the sample is produced. The advantages of electron diffraction over X-ray
Electron_microscope
X-ray imaging technique
Diffraction topography (short: "topography") is an imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction. Diffraction topographic images ("topographies") record
Diffraction_topography
South Korean physicist
a patent was later filed. He then implemented the first optical diffraction tomography of living cells which led to collaborative studies in biology and
Choi_Wonshik
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Max von Laue, Paul Knipping, and Walter Friedrich first observed the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. This discovery, along with the early work of Paul
X-ray
Dispersive optical device
grating, since it also uses high diffraction orders. To overcome this disadvantage, the VIPA can be combined with a diffraction grating. The VIPA is a compact
Virtually_imaged_phased_array
Quantitative phase microscope
microscopy are interferometric microscopy, optical coherence tomography and diffraction phase microscopy. Common to all methods is the use of a reference
Digital holographic microscopy
Digital_holographic_microscopy
Volcanic hotspot near the Hawaiian Islands, in the Pacific Ocean
Nataf (1998). "Detection of mantle plumes in the lower mantle by diffraction tomography: Hawaii". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 159 (3–4): 99. Bibcode:1998E&PSL
Hawaii_hotspot
projector lens (using an intermediate lens) produces a diffraction pattern (low-energy electron diffraction, LEED) at the imaging plane and recorded in a number
Low-energy electron microscopy
Low-energy_electron_microscopy
Lensless computational imaging method
space images from diffraction patterns. The first idea was the realization by Sayre in 1952 that Bragg diffraction under-samples diffracted intensity relative
Coherent_diffraction_imaging
Electron microscopy technique
image, a first-order diffraction spot is selected while the sample is tilted to excite a higher angle, typically ~ 3g, diffraction spot. The WBDF g-ng
Weak-beam dark-field microscopy
Weak-beam_dark-field_microscopy
Use of light for medical investigation
scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, laser Doppler imaging, optical coherence tomography, and transdermal optical imaging. Because light is an electromagnetic
Medical_optical_imaging
British materials scientist (born 1966)
are in electron tomography, electron holography, energy-filtered imaging and ab initio structure determination by electron diffraction. During his research
Paul_Midgley
Branch of petrology focusing on detailed descriptions of rocks
Individual mineral grains from a rock sample may also be analyzed by X-ray diffraction when optical means are insufficient. Analysis of microscopic fluid inclusions
Petrography
(ESR) Electrophoresis Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS/EDX) Electron diffraction (ED) Field flow fractionation (FFF) Flow injection analysis (FIA) Fourier
List of chemical analysis methods
List_of_chemical_analysis_methods
Induction of radioactivity by neutron radiation
Transport Cross section, Absorption, Activation Neutron scattering Neutron diffraction Small-angle neutron scattering GISANS Reflectometry Inelastic neutron
Neutron_activation
Chinese-American physicist
coherent diffraction and algorithms, replacing lenses with computation. In 1999, he demonstrated the first experimental coherent diffractive imaging (CDI)
Jianwei_Miao
Measurement method using interference of waves
established in his prize-winning memoire of 1819 that predicted and measured diffraction patterns. The Arago interferometer was later employed in 1850 by Léon
Interferometry
Form of electron microscopy
scanning electron nano diffraction (SEND), nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED), or pixelated STEM. The use of diffraction patterns as a function of
4D scanning transmission electron microscopy
4D_scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy
Research nuclear reactor in Australia
magnetic field, etc. The goniometer stage is redundant for most powder diffraction measurements, but will be important for single crystal and texture measurements
Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor
Open-pool_Australian_lightwater_reactor
Neutron tomography is a form of computed tomography involving the production of three-dimensional images by the detection of the absorbance of neutrons
Neutron_tomography
Viewing of objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye
X-ray microscopy. Optical microscopy and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams
Microscopy
Ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons
thermal, and hot neutron radiation is most commonly used in scattering and diffraction experiments, to assess the properties and the structure of materials
Neutron_radiation
Interferometer using neutron diffraction to make precise measurements
first slice, where, by diffraction from the crystalline lattice, they separate into two beams. At the second slice, they are diffracted again, with two beams
Neutron_interferometer
Physical phenomenon
sources that provide neutron radiation of varying intensities. Neutron diffraction (elastic scattering) techniques are used for analyzing structures; where
Neutron_scattering
diagnostics is the point diffraction interferometer (PDI), invented by Linnik in 1933. The reference beam is generated by diffraction from a small pinhole
Common-path_interferometer
Scientific instrument for observing small objects
instrument a viable imaging choice. They are often used in tomography (see micro-computed tomography) to produce three dimensional images of objects, including
Microscope
Materials science and powder diffraction beamline is for high-resolution powder diffraction and high pressure powder diffraction using diamond anvil cells
ALBA_(synchrotron)
Electron microscopy technique
high maximum diffraction angle allows for good separation between Bragg and Rutherford scattered electrons, therefore the maximum diffraction angle of the
Annular_dark-field_imaging
Colour in living creatures caused by interference effects
interference is created by a range of photonic mechanisms, including diffraction gratings, selective mirrors, photonic crystals, crystal fibres, matrices
Structural_coloration
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
Broglie hypothesis, diffraction was a property that was thought to be exhibited only by waves. Therefore, the presence of any diffraction effects by matter
Matter_wave
Branch of physics that studies light
of situations such as diffraction through a single gap, diffraction through multiple slits, or diffraction through a diffraction grating that contains
Optics
of integrated circuits 1988 Mostafa Kaveh For contributions to diffraction tomography and to the signal processing aspects of that imaging technique 1988
List of fellows of IEEE Communications Society
List_of_fellows_of_IEEE_Communications_Society
interference microscopy Bath interferometer (common path) Cyclic interferometer Diffraction-grating interferometer (white light) Double-slit interferometer Dual-polarization
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Type of microscope that uses X-rays
is to generate diffraction patterns, a process used in X-ray crystallography. By analyzing the internal reflections of a diffraction pattern (usually
X-ray_microscope
Neutron reflectometry is a neutron diffraction technique for measuring the structure of thin films, similar to the often complementary techniques of X-ray
Neutron_reflectometry
calorimetry Differential stress Diffraction Diffraction-limited system Diffraction grating Diffraction standard Diffraction tomography Diffuse Infrared Background
Index_of_physics_articles_(D)
Theorem in mathematics
PMID 21532686. Fourier Slice Theorem (video). Part of the "Computed Tomography and the ASTRA Toolbox" course. University of Antwerp. September 10, 2015
Projection-slice_theorem
Transport Cross section, Absorption, Activation Neutron scattering Neutron diffraction Small-angle neutron scattering GISANS Reflectometry Inelastic neutron
Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
Prompt_gamma_neutron_activation_analysis
Transport Cross section, Absorption, Activation Neutron scattering Neutron diffraction Small-angle neutron scattering GISANS Reflectometry Inelastic neutron
Neutron_backscattering
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
cancel). This is the principle behind, for example, 3-phase power and the diffraction grating. In both of these cases, the result is achieved by uniform spacing
Wave_interference
dimensional electron diffraction methods have been developed, such as automated diffraction tomography and rotation electron diffraction. These techniques
Direct methods (electron microscopy)
Direct_methods_(electron_microscopy)
Unscattered particle
popular imaging systems that rely on ballistic photon detection to create diffraction-limited images. Advantages over other existing imaging modalities (e
Ballistic_photon
Representation or reproduction of an object's form
of electrons or other particles to achieve resolutions far beyond the diffraction limit of visible light. Electron microscopes can image individual atoms
Imaging
Type of microscopy
fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) gathers information by "feeling"
Atomic_force_microscopy
Transport Cross section, Absorption, Activation Neutron scattering Neutron diffraction Small-angle neutron scattering GISANS Reflectometry Inelastic neutron
Neutron-velocity_selector
Imaging technology
Multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), also known as functional photoacoustic tomography (fPAT), is an imaging technology that generates high-resolution
Multispectral optoacoustic tomography
Multispectral_optoacoustic_tomography
transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) (electron diffraction data) kikuchipy: for Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) lumiSpy: for luminescence spectroscopy
HyperSpy
Study of molecular structures in biology
Von Laue directed X-rays at crystallized copper sulfate generating a diffraction pattern. These experiments led to the development of X-ray crystallography
Structural_biology
Microscopic optical resolution test device
elements spans the range of resolution of the unaided eye, down to the diffraction limits of conventional light microscopy. Commercially produced devices
1951 USAF resolution test chart
1951_USAF_resolution_test_chart
Subatomic particle with no charge
The energy of the gamma ray can be measured to high precision by X-ray diffraction techniques, as was first done by Bell and Elliot in 1948. The best modern
Neutron
Canadian chemist
Centurion, M., Xu, H., Miller, RJD., Li, Z.. Quantum state tomography of molecules by ultrafast diffraction. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 12 :5441, 2021. https://doi
R._J._Dwayne_Miller
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction-based imaging technique
deformation, and thus the strain of the material. Neutron diffraction: Neutron diffraction is a technique that uses a beam of neutrons to study the structure
Dark-field_X-ray_microscopy
Use of quantum correlations to image objects
narrower peaks and have a width that is four times smaller than the diffraction limit in classical lithography. Quantum lithography has potential applications
Quantum_imaging
Distance over which a propagating wave maintains a certain degree of coherence
wavelengths in the signal. In optical communications and optical coherence tomography (OCT), assuming that the source has a Gaussian emission spectrum, the
Coherence_length
English physics research facility
studies and long-wavelength diffraction. Pearl is a neutron diffractometer dedicated to high-pressure powder diffraction. Polaris is a neutron diffractometer
ISIS_Neutron_and_Muon_Source
U.S. fiber laser company
a facility near Frankfurt. In 1996, IPG launched industrial-quality, diffraction-limited (single mode) 10-W fiber lasers. IPG continued developing new
IPG_Photonics
Atomic nuclear process
Backscattering spectrometer Spin-echo spectrometer Other applications Neutron tomography Activation analysis, Prompt gamma activation analysis Fundamental research
Neutron_capture
Medical diagnostic method
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT), also known as Acousto-Optic Tomography (AOT), is a hybrid imaging modality that combines light and sound;
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography
Ultrasound-modulated_optical_tomography
the Materials oscilloscope. Simple diffraction setups due to operation in air.[clarification needed] Diffraction in forward direction for easy registration
High-energy_X-rays
Highly-polished material in particle physics
mirror with a larger effective critical angle can be made by exploiting diffraction (with non-zero losses) that occurs from stacked multilayers. The critical
Neutron_supermirror
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
Boy/Male
Muslim
Attributed to quraish
Boy/Male
Muslim
A person who laughs most na
Girl/Female
Greek
The sea nymphs.
Boy/Male
English American German
Wealthy.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit, Swedish
A Small Sword; A Knife; Birth Mark; Blemish
Female
Hebrew
(גַּל) Hebrew unisex name GAL means "mound, wave."
Girl/Female
Indian
Biblical
it is requiring or beseeching
Boy/Male
Slavic
Glory.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu
The Feet of the Guru
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
n.
Agitation from violent emotions; perturbation of mind; despair.
n.
That which diverts attention; a diversion.
n.
A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.
n.
A state of being distracted; distraction.
n.
A deviation of the rays of light toward the surface of an opaque body; inflection; diffraction.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Diffract
n.
Same as Diffraction.
superl.
Proceeding from, or indicating, madness; expressing distraction; prompted by infatuation, fury, or extreme rashness.
n.
A blowing apart or away.
n.
The act of distracting; a drawing apart; separation.
n.
Derangement of the mind; madness.
n.
State in which the attention is called in different ways; confusion; perplexity.
n.
Confusion of affairs; tumult; disorder; as, political distractions.
n.
The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; infringement; as, an infraction of a treaty, compact, rule, or law.
a.
That produces diffraction.
n.
A diversity of direction; detachment.
n.
Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage.
n.
The deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, causing the appearance of parallel bands or fringes of prismatic colors, as by the action of a grating of fine lines or bars.
n.
One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction band; -- called also interference fringe.
n.
Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of anxiety; insanity; madness.