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Sound change towards glottal articulation
experimental approach to debuccalization and supplementary gestures Rice, Keren (1989), A Grammar of Slave "Debuccalization" (Chapter 4 of Paul D. Fallon's
Debuccalization
Sounds spelled with the digraph ⟨th⟩
distribution of th-debuccalization imposes special constraints on the progress of th-fronting in Glasgow. In accents with th-debuccalization, the cluster /θr/
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩
Consonant sound change
occlusion, to lose its place of articulation (a phenomenon called debuccalization, which turns a consonant into a glottal consonant like [h] or [ʔ])
Lenition
Ancient forms of the Greek language
(debuccalization): Latin sex, English six, ancient Greek ἕξ /héks/. PIE *s was elided between vowels after an intermediate step of debuccalization: Sanskrit
Ancient_Greek
Northern Siberian Turkic language
"not").[clarification needed] The historical change of *s > h, known as debuccalization, is a common sound-change across the world's languages, being characteristic
Yakut_language
Consonant followed by a strong burst of air
kʰː/. The term aspiration sometimes refers to the sound change of debuccalization, in which a consonant is lenited (weakened) to become a glottal stop
Aspirated_consonant
Romance language
Andean highlands. Debuccalization is frequently called "aspiration" in English, and aspiración in Spanish. When there is no debuccalization, the syllable-final
Spanish_language
Mayan language spoken in Mexico and Belize
is the dissimilation of identical consonants next to each other by debuccalizing to avoid geminate consonants. If a word ends in one of the glottalized
Yucatec_Maya_language
Latin-script digraph
Th is a digraph in the Latin script; it was originally introduced into Latin to transliterate Greek loanwords. In modern languages that use the Latin alphabet
Th_(digraph)
Topics referred to by the same term
with a strong burst of air Voiceless glottal fricative, the sound [h] Debuccalization, the conversion of a consonant to [h] or [ʔ] Rough breathing, a symbol
Aspiration
[s] vs. its weakening to [h] (called aspiration, or more precisely debuccalization), or its loss; and the tendency, in areas of central Mexico and of
Spanish dialects and varieties
Spanish_dialects_and_varieties
Pronouncing "t" as a glottal stop
(before a lateral), or [ɾ]. As a sound change, it is a subtype of debuccalization. The pronunciation that it results in is called glottalization. Apparently
T-glottalization
Dravidian language
vowels the v becomes y, eg. vennela > yennela. Some aspirates might be debuccalized to a h while previous actual h's might be deleted, eg. mukham, mahā >
Telugu_language
Romance language
such as distinctive regional phonology and vocabulary (for example, a debuccalization process stronger than that of Portuguese, a different system of the
Portuguese_language
Variety of American English
typically precede voiced consonants, and devoicing may be realized with debuccalization (where /d/ is realized as [.], for instance). AAVE speakers may not
African-American Vernacular English
African-American_Vernacular_English
Variety of Spanish language
many Peninsular and Latin American dialects, syllable-final /s/ is not debuccalized, and is always pronounced as an alveolar sibilant ([s]) rather than as
Philippine_Spanish
Situational pronunciation of /r/ in non-rhotic varieties of English
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Linking_and_intrusive_R
Spanish dialects spoken in Extremadura, Spain
spoken in Extremadura that is most similar to Galician-Portuguese. Debuccalization (reduction to [h]) of [s] and [θ] in syllable-final position, as is
Castúo
Demonym for anything related to the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
causes debuccalization of the coda sibilant: mesmo [meɦmu]. Many Brazilians assume that is specific to Rio, but in the Northeast, debuccalization has long
Carioca
Set of varieties of Spanish language
pasada [laheˈmanapaˈsaða]. As a reaction to the stigmatization of s-debuccalization and elision, hypercorrections are frequent. For example, speakers may
Caribbean_Spanish
Variety of Spanish language
'blue'). Debuccalization or elision of /s/ In syllable-final position (i.e., before a consonant or at the end of a word), /s/ is debuccalized to [h] or
Puerto_Rican_Spanish
Set of varieties of Spanish language
prevalent in Colombian Paisa region, and Andean Spanish dialects. Debuccalization of syllable-final /s/ to [x], [h], or dropping it entirely, so that
Peninsular_Spanish
Phonetic phenomenon in Uralic languages
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Consonant_gradation
Variety of Portuguese language
such as distinctive regional phonology and vocabulary (for example, a debuccalization process stronger than that of Portuguese, a different system of the
Brazilian_Portuguese
Sounds and pronunciation of Ancient Greek
Greek phonology. In Proto-Greek, the PIE sibilant *s became /h/ by debuccalization in many cases. PIE *so, seh₂ > ὁ, ἡ /ho hɛː/ ('the') (m f) — compare
Ancient_Greek_phonology
Class of Ancient Greek verbs
without the present-stem sound changes. Kiparsky analyzes the process as debuccalization of s (σ) to h in Proto-Greek, metathesis of h and the sonorant so that
Aorist_(Ancient_Greek)
Reconstructed ancestor language of Persian, Avestan, Kurdish, Pashto and others
western Iranian languages into Persian. *s > *h Specifically, this debuccalization occurred when not preceded *k, *n, *p, *t or followed *t (which otherwise
Proto-Iranian_language
Romance language spoken in Spain
Spanish: General loss of intervocalic d, e.g. mieu [ˈmjeu] 'fear'. Debuccalization of post-vocalic /s/, /ks/ and /θ/ into [h] (s-aspiration), e.g. estal
Extremaduran_language
Sound change converting an alveolar consonant to a rhotic consonant
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Rhotacism
Omission of sounds in words or phrases
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Elision
Grammatical change of vowels in Indo-European languages
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Indo-European_ablaut
Type of phonation
formerly had these sounds. Breathy voice can also be observed in place of debuccalized coda /s/ in some dialects of Spanish, e.g. [ˈtoðoɦ lo ˈθiɦneh som ˈblaŋkoh]
Breathy_voice
Type of secondary articulation in speech
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Velarization
Use of English by speakers with different native languages
always follow this process in their native languages, what is known as debuccalization. Native speakers of Arabic, Tagalog, Japanese, Korean, and important
English as a second or foreign language
English_as_a_second_or_foreign_language
System for writing in Spanish
prorrogar, infrarrojo, autorretrato, arriesgar. For many speakers, /s/ may debuccalize or be deleted in the syllable coda (at the end of words and before consonants)
Spanish_orthography
Continuous sequence of sounds in spoken language
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Connected_speech
Phonetic sound change
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Consonant_voicing_and_devoicing
Ancient Greek prefix
Proto-Indo-European phoneme *s at the beginning of a word became *h by debuccalization and syllabic *m̥ became *a, giving the combined form *ha-. The initial
Copulative_a
Historical change in the Spanish language
The phonetic sound change /f/ → [h] (a form of debuccalization), followed by a phonemic restructuring resulting in the complete loss of the sound (/f/
Evolution of Latin /f/ in Spanish
Evolution_of_Latin_/f/_in_Spanish
Levantine Arabic dialect
glottal stop [ʔ], e.g. دقيقة /daqiːqa/ 'minute' becomes [dʔiːʔa]. This debuccalization of /q/ is a feature shared with Syrian Arabic, Palestinian Arabic,
Lebanese_Arabic
Variety of Spanish used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
phoneme /x/; additionally, in many dialects it exists as a result of the debuccalization of /s/ in syllabic coda (a process commonly termed aspiration in Hispanic
Early_Modern_Spanish
Indo-Aryan language native to Sindh
of post-nasal consonants (e.g. MIA danta > Sindhi ɗ̣andu "tooth") Debuccalization of intervocalic -s- > -h- (shared with some Punjabi varieties, primarily
Sindhi_language
Language in Indonesia
Lampungic cluster is debuccalization, which occurs in almost all varieties. PLP *p and *t are often targets of debuccalization; *k is less affected by
Lampung_language
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨h⟩ in IPA
Indian Tamil பகை/pakai [pɐhɛ(i̯)] 'hate' Intervocalic singular /k/ has debuccalized for most except in Brahmin and Sri Lankan Tamil. In total it can be [kʰ
Voiceless_glottal_fricative
Phonological process involving the addition of one or more sounds to a word
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Epenthesis
Linguistic phenomenon where sounds diverge
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Dissimilation_(phonology)
Japanese dialect
the Tokyo Shitamachi dialect. The use of /h/ in place of /s/. Some debuccalization of /s/ is apparent in most Kansai speakers, but it seems to have progressed
Kansai_dialect
Ancient Greek dialect group
Proto-Greek korwā → Attic korē, "girl" Attic retained Proto-Greek h- (from debuccalization of Proto-Indo-European initial s- or y-), but some other dialects lost
Attic_Greek
Sound change of vowels assimilating to each other, especially in Germanic languages
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Umlaut_(linguistics)
Paraguay. Most speakers with ancestors born in the coastal regions may debuccalize or aspirate syllable-final /s/ to [h] or entirely drop; this, está [esˈta]
Spanish language in the United States
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Production of a sound while the velum is lowered
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Nasalization
Phenomenon in linguistics
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Assimilation_(phonology)
Variety of Spanish language
"purest" dialects in all of coastal Latin America because it does not debuccalize /s/ between vowels[is "in syllable coda" what is meant?] and retains
Peruvian_Spanish
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɦ⟩ in IPA
coda. Might also be deleted. Cearense dialect gente [ˈɦẽt͡ʃi] 'people' Debuccalized from [ʒ], [v] or [z]. Mineiro dialect dormir [doɦˈmi(h)] 'to sleep' Before
Voiced_glottal_fricative
Variety of Spanish language
Panamanian Spanish, and other varieties of Caribbean Spanish, is the debuccalization of the /s/ sound at the end of a syllable or word, such as in the word
Panamanian_Spanish
Loss of word-final sounds
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Apocope
through other means. Kortlandt effect Proto-Indo-European *d undergoes debuccalization, becoming the laryngeal *h₁, whenever it is followed by a dental consonant
Glossary of sound laws in the Indo-European languages
Glossary_of_sound_laws_in_the_Indo-European_languages
Script of various Middle Iranian languages
spelled with postvocalic ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ even after the consonants had been debuccalized to ⟨h⟩ in the living language. The Pahlavi script consisted of two widely
Pahlavi_scripts
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Tone_(linguistics)
Variety of Spanish language
most of the interior of Mexico is the preservation, or absence of debuccalization, of syllable-final /s/. On the other hand, /s/-weakening is very frequent
Mexican_Spanish
Inuit language of northwestern Greenland
most notable phonological difference from West Greenlandic is the debuccalization of West Greenlandic /s/ to /h/ (often pronounced [ç]) except for geminate
Inuktun
Vowel sound change
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Monophthongization
have [ʎ] as a distinct phoneme. Most speakers of coastal dialects may debuccalize or aspirate syllable-final /s/ to [h], or drop it entirely, so that está
Spanish language in the Americas
Spanish_language_in_the_Americas
Secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Labialization
Sound changes
to dental stops [t̪, d̪], or merger with alveolar stops [t, d] Th-debuccalization: lenition to [h] Th-alveolarization: merger with alveolar fricatives
Phonological history of English
Phonological_history_of_English
Establishment that serves coffee
sale of not only coffee but also chocolate, sherbet or tea. The [q] is debuccalized to [ʔ]. See also Arabic phonology#Local variations. For a depiction of
Coffeehouse
Elision through dissimilation
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Haplology
Syllabic separation of two adjacent vowels
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Vowel_hiatus
Insertion of a sound at the beginning of a word
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Prothesis_(linguistics)
Alternate phonetic realization of a morpheme
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Alternation_(linguistics)
Cushitic language spoken in Eritrea
→ [β]; syncope, as in the name of the language, /bɨlín/ → [blín]; debuccalization with secondary articulation preserved, as in /dérekʷʼa/ → [dɛ́rɛʔʷa]
Bilen_language
Adding sounds to the end of a word
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Paragoge
Change in tone contour based on adjacent syllable tones
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Tone_sandhi
Phonological sound change
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Assibilation
Sound change in vowels
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Vowel_harmony
Loss of a sound within a word
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Syncope_(phonology)
Vowel shift
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Raising_(sound_change)
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɣ⟩ in IPA
Sri Lankan பகை/pakai [pɐɣɛ(i̯)] 'hate' Intervocalic singular /k/ has debuccalized for most except in Brahmin and Sri Lankan Tamil. In total it can be [kʰ
Voiced_velar_fricative
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨x⟩ in IPA
(non-standard) பகை/pakai [pɐxɛ(i̯)] 'hate' Intervocalic singular /k/ has debuccalized for most except in Brahmin and Sri Lankan Tamil. In total it can be [kʰ
Voiceless_velar_fricative
Process of language change that affects pronunciation or sound system structure
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Sound_change
Grammatical structure
Proto-Indo-European *yos: in Proto-Greek, y before a vowel usually changed to h (debuccalization). Cognates include Sanskrit relative pronouns yas, yā, yad (where o
Relative_clause
Polynesian language spoken in Easter Island
language (which they have lost), but other phonemes, through a process of debuccalization: e.g. Tahitian /ʔ/ is the regular outcome of PPn *k and *ŋ (but not
Rapa_Nui_language
Romance language of the West Iberian group
River Sella, Llanes and Cabrales. The dialect is characterized by the debuccalization of word-initial /f/ to [h], written ⟨ḥ⟩ (ḥoguera, ḥacer, ḥigos and
Asturian_language
etc.—the interdental [θ] in words such as cinco, hacer, and lazo debuccalization and eventual loss of Latin initial /f/ in most contexts, marked in
History of the Spanish language
History_of_the_Spanish_language
Consonant sound change
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Delateralization
Phonological process of sound change
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Synaeresis
Type of sound change at morpheme or syllable boundaries
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Sandhi
Phonological system of the Japanese language
before all vowels up through Late Middle Japanese, but was eventually debuccalized to [h] before /a, e, o/ and palatalized to [ç] before /i, j/: after these
Japanese_phonology
Loss of the vowel at the beginning of a word
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Apheresis_(linguistics)
Switching the order of sounds
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Metathesis_(linguistics)
Process by which monophthongs become diphthongs and triphthongs
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Vowel_breaking
Group of languages of the 5th century BCE – 12th century CE
needed] is not represented orthographically. Finally, aspirated spirants debuccalize (ɣʱ, ðʱ, βʱ > ɦ), the spirant β > ʋ (romanized as v), and remaining spirants
Prakrit
Phonological process
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Final-obstruent_devoicing
Consonantal sound often represented by ⟨z⟩ in IPA
'communism' Allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants, when it is not debuccalized to [h ~ ɦ]. Present in dialects which realize /s/ as a non-retracted
Voiced_alveolar_fricative
kn- as tn-, dn-, implying that a stage of assimilation (or perhaps debuccalization to /ʔn/) preceded that of complete reduction. The cluster is preserved
Phonological history of English consonant clusters
Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters
Concepts in poetic meter
Sanskrit su- (zero-grade). In Proto-Greek, s between vowels became h (debuccalization), and later was lost. Synaeresis Vowel breaking διαίρεσις. Liddell
Diaeresis_(prosody)
Gur language of Northern Ghana
phonemically among other Western dialects. /s/ debuccalizes as a glottal [h] when in intervocalic position. /ɡ/ debuccalizes as a glottal stop [ʔ] post-vocalic position
Dagbani_language
Sound change where one feature separates into two; opposite of fusion
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Unpacking_(linguistics)
Pronunciation of a latent word-final consonant immediately before a following vowel sound
Consonant voicing and devoicing Assibilation Spirantization L-vocalization Debuccalization Fortition Epenthesis Prothesis Paragoge Unpacking Vowel breaking Elision
Liaison_(French)
word-initial voiceless fricatives f, θ, and χʷ all merged to f, whereas χ debuccalized to h (except before a liquid where it became g); thus, in Latin, the
History_of_Latin
DEBUCCALIZATION
DEBUCCALIZATION
DEBUCCALIZATION
DEBUCCALIZATION
Boy/Male
Tamil
Unique, One, United
Girl/Female
Sikh
Praiseworthy master
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shivas name
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Indian
Herald; Messenger; Friend; To Puff Up; Companion
Male
Chinese
brightness, splendour.
Girl/Female
Indian
Charming
Female
Egyptian
, the power of light or heat.
Girl/Female
Danish, French, German
Assistant; Spring Up; Grow; Thrive
Boy/Male
Indian
The just
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Dennis, DENYS means "follower of Dionysos."
DEBUCCALIZATION
DEBUCCALIZATION
DEBUCCALIZATION
DEBUCCALIZATION
DEBUCCALIZATION