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Semiconductor that has been doped
An extrinsic semiconductor is one that has been doped; during manufacture of the semiconductor crystal a trace element or chemical called a doping agent
Extrinsic_semiconductor
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
("doping") to its crystal structure. When two regions with different doping levels are present in the same crystal, they form a semiconductor junction. The
Semiconductor
Defunct American computer hardware company
Crystal Semiconductor Corporation was an American computer company based in Austin, Texas, and active from 1984 to the early 2000s. Founded by Michael
Crystal_Semiconductor
Electronic component that exploits the electronic properties of semiconductor materials
A semiconductor device is an electronic component that relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material (e.g., silicon, germanium, gallium
Semiconductor_device
Early radio receiver component
materials at the surface of the detector's semiconducting crystal forms a crude semiconductor diode, which acts as a rectifier, conducting electric current
Crystal_detector
Method of crystal growth
Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals (monocrystals) of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium
Czochralski_method
Two-terminal electronic component
resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction
Diode
Synthetic ingot of crystal
solidifies and eventually a large, cylindrical boule is produced. A semiconductor crystal boule is normally cut into circular wafers using an inside hole
Boule_(crystal)
Thin slice of semiconductor used for the fabrication of integrated circuits
high purity monocrystalline semiconductor, such as silicon or germanium, called a boule, is formed by pulling a seed crystal from a melt. Donor impurity
Wafer_(electronics)
Crystal growth process relative to the substrate used as seed
nanotechnology and in semiconductor fabrication. Indeed, epitaxy is the only affordable method of high quality crystal growth for many semiconductor materials. In
Epitaxy
Intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor
desired properties in the device that the semiconductor is intended for. Doping a semiconductor in a good crystal introduces allowed energy states within
Doping_(semiconductor)
Form of silicon with a continuous, unbroken crystal lattice
1016/s0022-0248(02)02241-8. Capper, Peter; Rudolph, Peter (2010). Crystal growth technology: semiconductors and dielectrics. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-32593-1
Monocrystalline_silicon
Italian multimedia device
256 colors (monitor), 800 × 600 with 65,536 colors (TV) Audio: Crystal Semiconductor Corporation CS4231 + Oak Mozart OTI 605 (compatible with the MPC2
Olivetti_Envision
Defunct American electronics manufacturer
Aureal Semiconductor Inc. was an American electronics manufacturer, best known throughout the mid-late 1990s for their PC sound card technologies including
Aureal_Semiconductor
Device measuring ionizing radiation
In ionizing radiation detection physics, a semiconductor detector is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect
Semiconductor_detector
Type of semiconductor
inorganic semiconductors the band gaps are typically 1–2 eV. This implies that molecular crystals are, in fact, insulators rather than semiconductors in the
Organic_semiconductor
Conceptual opposite of an electron
net positive charge at the hole's location. Holes in a metal or semiconductor crystal lattice can move through the lattice as electrons can, and act similarly
Electron_hole
Semiconductor materials are nominally small band gap insulators. The defining property of a semiconductor material is that it can be compromised by doping
List of semiconductor materials
List_of_semiconductor_materials
Type of electrical junction
physics, a metal–semiconductor (M–S) junction is a type of electrical junction in which a metal comes in close contact with a semiconductor material. It is
Metal–semiconductor_junction
Pure semiconductor without any significant dopant species present
An intrinsic semiconductor, also called a pure semiconductor, undoped semiconductor or i-type semiconductor, is a semiconductor without any significant
Intrinsic_semiconductor
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to manufacture semiconductor devices, typically integrated circuits (ICs) such as microprocessors
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Topics referred to by the same term
glassware". Crystal healing, a pseudoscientific alternative medicine technique that uses semiprecious stones and crystals Crystal Semiconductor - audio electronics
Crystal_(disambiguation)
formerly called group VI). These semiconductors crystallize either in the zincblende lattice structure or the wurtzite crystal structure. They generally exhibit
II-VI_semiconductor_compound
Solid material with highly ordered microscopic structure
corundum crystal. In semiconductors, a special type of impurity, called a dopant, drastically changes the crystal's electrical properties. Semiconductor devices
Crystal
base of the crystal. When current was applied to the "base" lead, the electrons or holes would be pushed out, across the block of semiconductor, and collect
History_of_the_transistor
Simple radio receiver circuit for AM reception
is capacitive. A semiconductor crystal detector that demodulates the radio signal to extract the audio signal (modulation). The crystal detector functions
Crystal_radio
Substance added to material to alter its properties
incorporated into the crystal lattice of the substance. The crystalline materials are frequently either crystals of a semiconductor such as silicon and
Dopant
American semiconductor company
ON Semiconductor Corporation (stylized and doing business as onsemi) is an American semiconductor supplier company, based in Scottsdale, Arizona. Products
Onsemi
list of countries by semiconductor exports, using the Harmonised System code 8541. This includes diodes, transistors, semiconductor−based transducers, photosensitive
List of countries by semiconductor exports
List_of_countries_by_semiconductor_exports
Material with a continuous, unbroken crystal lattice
many other single crystals besides inorganic single crystals capable semiconducting, including single-crystal organic semiconductors. Monocrystalline silicon
Single_crystal
Energy range in a solid where no electron states exist
influences the electronic structure of semiconductors and, therefore, their optical band gaps. In a regular semiconductor crystal, the band gap is fixed owing to
Band_gap
Overview of and topical guide to semiconductors
Amorphous semiconductor Compound semiconductor Magnetic semiconductor Organic semiconductor Two-dimensional semiconductor Wide-bandgap semiconductor Diamond
Outline_of_semiconductors
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
junction is a combination of two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, in a single crystal. The "n" (negative) side contains freely-moving
P–n_junction
Early semiconductor company
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, later known as Shockley Transistor Corporation, was a pioneering semiconductor developer founded by William Shockley
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory
Shockley_Semiconductor_Laboratory
American semiconductor company
buy Silicon Labs for $7.5 billion. Silicon Labs was founded by Crystal Semiconductor (now owned by Cirrus Logic Inc.) alumni Nav Sooch, Dave Welland
Silicon_Labs
Purification process by moving a molten zone along a metal bar
base to initiate a chosen direction of crystal growth. When high purity is required, such as in semiconductor industry, the impure end of the boule is
Zone_melting
Dopant atom that can form a n-type region
crystal and carry a current, thus acting as a charge carrier. Acceptor (semiconductors) Electron donor "Fundamentals: Doping: n- and p-semiconductors"
Donor_(semiconductors)
Defunct American semiconductor company (1984-2002)
Dallas Semiconductor, founded in 1984, acquired by Maxim Integrated in 2002, then acquired by Analog Devices in 2021, was a company that designed and
Dallas_Semiconductor
Type of transistor
control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals:
Field-effect_transistor
Semiconductor laser
diode (LD, also injection laser diode or ILD or semiconductor laser or diode laser) is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode in which
Laser_diode
Tendency of crystalline materials to split along favored planes
generally cleaved by impact, as in diamond cutting. Synthetic single crystals of semiconductor materials are generally sold as thin wafers which are much easier
Cleavage_(crystal)
Dopant atom that, when added to a semiconductor, can form a p-type region
around the crystal as a charge carrier. This process can sustain in an electric current useful in electronic circuits. Donor (semiconductors) Electron
Acceptor_(semiconductors)
Crystal Semiconductor Corporation. November 1993. Retrieved 10 October 2020. DT1050 Digitalker: Standard Vocabulary Kit (PDF). National Semiconductor
List_of_sound_chips
Very pure silicon obtained by vertical zone melting
coil, which creates a localized molten zone from which the crystal ingot grows. A seed crystal is used at one end to start the growth. The whole process
Float-zone_silicon
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS /ˈsiːmɒs/ SEE-moss) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process
CMOS
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
reported a solid-state continuous time crystal in a driven-dissipative exciton–polariton condensate in a semiconductor microcavity, with its time-crystalline
Time_crystal
Chemical compound
ZnTe. This solid is a semiconductor material with a direct band gap of 2.26 eV. It is usually a p-type semiconductor. Its crystal structure is cubic, like
Zinc_telluride
List of academic journals in semiconductor research
IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems Journal of Crystal Growth Journal of Electronic
List of semiconductor journals
List_of_semiconductor_journals
Crystal growth process
method for thin-film deposition of single crystals. MBE is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, including transistors. MBE is used
Molecular-beam_epitaxy
Series of laptops
TFT 800x600 Intel Pentium @ 133 MHz C&T 65550 2 MB 16 MB - 144 MB Crystal Semiconductor CS4232 & Yamaha OPL3 tecra_710cdt 720CDT 12.1" TFT 1024x768 CS4232
Dynabook_Tecra
Device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal
174–179. Signetics Linear Data Manual, Vol. 2: Industrial. 1989. Crystal Semiconductor CS4397 datasheet. Brian Brumfield (2014-09-02). "Selectric Repair
Digital-to-analog_converter
Chemical compound
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure. Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices
Gallium_arsenide
Small piece of a single crystal used to initiate growth of a larger crystal
sites. One example where a seed crystal is used to grow large boules or ingots of a single crystal is the semiconductor industry where methods such as
Seed_crystal
Types of energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist
conservation of energy and crystal momentum (i.e., conservation of total k-vector). A photon with an energy near a semiconductor band gap has almost zero
Direct_and_indirect_band_gaps
Field-effect transistor device
application of TFTs is in TFT liquid-crystal displays. TFTs can be fabricated with a wide variety of semiconductor materials. Because it is naturally abundant
Thin-film_transistor
American fabless semiconductor company
in 1989 (symbol: CRUS).[citation needed] Cirrus Logic acquired Crystal Semiconductor, a supplier of analog and mixed-signal converter ICs, in 1991. In
Cirrus_Logic
State of matter with properties of both conventional liquids and crystals
Liquid crystal in fluid form is used to detect electrically generated hot spots for failure analysis in the semiconductor industry. Liquid crystal lenses
Liquid_crystal
Free-moving particle which carries an electric charge
possible. In p-type semiconductors, "effective particles" known as electron holes with positive charge move through the crystal lattice, producing an
Charge_carrier
Type of field-effect transistor
In electronics, the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor
MOSFET
Series of thin client computer
TV-out (removed in the Sun Ray 1), a Philips Semiconductor SAA7114 video decoder/scaler, Crystal Semiconductor audio CODEC, Sun Microelectronics Ethernet
Sun_Ray
Line of midrange to high end desktop replacements
10/100 Ethernet with 3Com or Lucent 56K modem in Communications Bay Crystal Semiconductor CS4624 with CS4297A Intel AC'97 codec 0.5W Stereo speakers Internal
ThinkPad_A_series
Sound card for IBM PC compatibles
16-bit recording through a separate daughterboard based on the Crystal Semiconductor CS4231 audio codec. Computer Gaming World in 1993 criticized the
Gravis_UltraSound
Egyptian engineer (1924–2009)
(the base) on top of single crystal semiconductor substrates (the collector), with the emitter being a crystalline semiconductor piece with a top or a blunt
Mohamed_M._Atalla
Chemical compound made of three different elements
described as crystals of types ABX2, A2B2X7, ABX5, A2BX6, and A3BX5. A particular class of ternary compounds are the ternary semiconductors, particularly
Ternary_compound
General MIDI standard
2018-01-23. Retrieved 2009-05-23. EETimes (1997-10-06). "Atmel and Crystal Semiconductor Settle Copyright Lawsuit with Roland Corp. U.S." EE Times. Retrieved
Roland_GS
Periodic optical nanostructure that affects the motion of photons
structure of natural crystals gives rise to X-ray diffraction and that the atomic lattices (crystal structure) of semiconductors affect their conductivity
Photonic_crystal
Physical phenomenon
silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, and single crystal silicon. Hence, semiconductor strain gauges with a very high coefficient of sensitivity
Piezoresistive_effect
Chemical element with atomic number 14 (Si)
complexity of the crystal chemistry of silicides was mapped, along with the solid-state physics of doped semiconductors. The first semiconductor devices did
Silicon
Tin oxide mineral
It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals. Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite was the chief
Cassiterite
Primitive type of bipolar junction transistor
pulled from a bath of molten semiconductor, which then grows into a rod-shaped crystal (boule). The molten semiconductor is doped N-type at the start
Grown-junction_transistor
American chemist (born 1959)
method for the first controlled synthesis of free-standing single-crystal semiconductor nanowires, providing the groundwork for predictable growth of nanowires
Charles_M._Lieber
American computer company
device. The SoundExpression made use of an audio chipset designed by Crystal Semiconductor. Also in June 1995, Boca Research began talks with Hayes Microcomputer
Boca_Research
Semiconductor materials with a larger band gap
semiconductors (also known as WBG semiconductors or WBGSs) are semiconductor materials which have a larger band gap than conventional semiconductors.
Wide-bandgap_semiconductor
Laptop model series
133 MHz C&T HIQV32 (CT65550) @ 2 MB 16 MB @ 66 MHz (80 MB Max) Crystal Semiconductor CS4232 and Yamaha OPL3 (YMF262) Windows 95 or Windows for Workgroups
Dynabook_Portégé
Chemical compound
forms p-type semiconductor (Extrinsic semiconductor) due to tin vacancies and is a low temperature superconductor. SnTe exists in three crystal phases. At
Tin_telluride
Electronic oscillator circuit
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a piezoelectric crystal as a frequency-selective element. The oscillator frequency is
Crystal_oscillator
integrate a variety of standard electronic components in a monolithic semiconductor crystal in 1952. A year later, Harwick Johnson filed a patent for a prototype
Invention of the integrated circuit
Invention_of_the_integrated_circuit
Research of materials
development of revolutionary technologies such as rubbers, plastics, semiconductors, and biomaterials. Before the 1960s (and in some cases decades after)
Materials_science
Taiwanese semiconductor companies
MStar Semiconductor, Inc. (Chinese: 晨星半導體股份有限公司; pinyin: Chénxīng Bàndǎotǐ Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) was a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company specializing
MStar
Wide-bandgap semiconductor and abrasion-resistant ceramic
wide bandgap semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as powder and crystals since 1893 for
Silicon_carbide
Semiconductor-electrolyte junction potential
depends on many factors, such as the material, pH and crystal structure of the material In semiconductors, valence electrons are located in energy bands. According
Flat_band_potential
American electronics company
Mostek Corporation was a semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturer, founded in 1969 by L. J. Sevin, Louay E. Sharif, Richard L. Petritz and other
Mostek
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. It is one of the fundamental building blocks of modern
Transistor
Union of crystal groups with related structures and lattices
boron nitride (w-BN) and other semiconductors. In most of these compounds, wurtzite is not the favored form of the bulk crystal, but the structure can be favored
Hexagonal_crystal_family
forbidden in the bulk of the semiconductor. In bulk semiconductor band structure calculations, it is assumed that the crystal lattice (which features a periodic
Metal-induced_gap_states
Quasiparticle which is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole
hundreds of meV, depending on the crystal, occur in many semiconductors including Cu2O, GaAs, other III-V and II-VI semiconductors, transition metal dichalcogenides
Exciton
Series of laptops by IBM
755CE, the 755CSE, and the 755CD also replaced the sound chip by Crystal Semiconductor of prior 755 models with the Mwave, a digital signal processor designed
ThinkPad_755
Oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide
of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion
Rutile
Chemical compound
Gallium phosphide (GaP), a phosphide of gallium, is a compound semiconductor material with an indirect band gap of 2.24 eV at room temperature. Impure
Gallium_phosphide
Chemical semiconductor compound
bandgap semiconductor commonly used in blue light-emitting diodes since the 1990s. The compound is a very hard material that has a Wurtzite crystal structure
Gallium_nitride
designed in-house. It was based on OPTi 928 reference design with Crystal Semiconductor codec for a "Sound Blaster and Windows Sound System Compatible"
List of Turtle Beach Corporation products
List_of_Turtle_Beach_Corporation_products
Workstations family by IBM
(with Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 adapter in PCI slot) Onboard audio Crystal Semiconductor (single chip) 1 shared ISA/PCI connector, 2 dedicated ISA connectors
IBM_IntelliStation
American audio technology company
its technology to the audio chip manufacturers (ESS Technology, Crystal Semiconductor/Cirrus Logic and Yamaha), who at that time supplied 70% of the PC
Sensaura
Korean-born American engineer and inventor (1931–1992)
(the base) on top of single crystal semiconductor substrates (the collector), with the emitter being a crystalline semiconductor piece with a top or a blunt
Dawon_Kahng
Colour in living creatures caused by interference effects
S2CID 121911730. Yablonovitch, Eli (December 2001). "Photonic Crystals: Semiconductors of Light" (PDF). Scientific American. 285 (6): 46–55. Bibcode:2001SciAm
Structural_coloration
Branch of physics and electrical engineering
billion in 2018. Karl Ferdinand Braun's development of the crystal detector, the first semiconductor device, in 1874 and the identification of the electron
Electronics
Ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material
In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. Ordered structures
Crystal_structure
Personal computer audio codec
modem Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236, CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297, CS4299 Creative Technology[specify] Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 C-Media
AC'97
Display that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid
Liquid-crystal_display
Electrical device that converts AC to DC
The crystal detector, the earliest type of semiconductor diode, was used as a detector in some of the earliest radio receivers, called crystal radios
Rectifier
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CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR
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