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Quality of an algorithm being correct with respect to a specification
theoretical computer science, an algorithm is correct with respect to a specification if it behaves as specified. Best explored is functional correctness, which
Correctness (computer science)
Correctness_(computer_science)
Topics referred to by the same term
or Correctness may refer to: What is true Accurate; Error-free Correctness (computer science), in theoretical computer science Political correctness, a
Correctness
This glossary of computer science is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in computer science, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including
Glossary_of_computer_science
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
algorithms Correctness (computer science) — property that an algorithm satisfies its specification Loop invariant — condition used to prove correctness of iterative
Outline_of_algorithms
Study of correct reasoning
plays a central role in many fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics. Logic studies arguments, which consist of a set of
Logic
Study of computation
Fundamental areas of computer science Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation, together with their associated phenomena
Computer_science
Branch of computer science
In computing, compiler correctness is the branch of computer science that deals with trying to show that a compiler behaves according to its language
Compiler_correctness
Concept in computer science
called MSR-type algorithms which have been used widely in fields from computer science to control theory. Bitcoin uses proof of work, a difficulty adjustment
Consensus_(computer_science)
Academic discipline
Logic in computer science covers the overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science. The topic can essentially be divided into three
Logic_in_computer_science
Ability of a computer system to cope with errors during execution
In computer science, robustness is the ability of a computer system to cope with errors during execution and cope with erroneous input. Robustness can
Robustness_(computer_science)
1988 paper by E. W. Dijkstra
for correctness. Despite the title, most of the article is on Dijkstra’s attempt to put computer science into a wider perspective within science, teaching
On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computer Science
On_the_Cruelty_of_Really_Teaching_Computer_Science
Type of algorithm, produces approximately correct solutions
In mathematical optimization and computer science, heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω eurísko "I find, discover") is a technique designed for problem solving
Heuristic_(computer_science)
Core of a computer operating system
A kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system that always has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel
Kernel_(operating_system)
Engineering development methodology
Correct by Construction (CbC) is a programming methodology where the proof of correctness of the program is developed with the program, as opposed to
Correct_by_Construction
Approach for designing software
methods, among other uses. Component-based software engineering Correctness (computer science) Defensive programming Fail-fast system Formal methods Hoare
Design_by_contract
Mathematical proof at least partially generated by computer
into its correctness. However, this approach of using a computer program to prove the output of another program correct does not appeal to computer proof
Computer-assisted_proof
(1960s–present) History of software List of computer science awards List of computer science journals List of computer scientists List of Internet pioneers List
List of pioneers in computer science
List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science
In computer science, a loop variant is a mathematical function defined on the state space of a computer program whose value is monotonically decreased
Loop_variant
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
A quantum computer is a computer that represents and processes information using quantum states. Quantum computations exploit phenomena such as superposition
Quantum_computing
Use of functions that call themselves
In computer science, recursion is a method of solving a computational problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same
Recursion_(computer_science)
British computer scientist (1934–2026)
Award (1973) for the paper "Proof of correctness of data representations" Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society (1978) Turing Award for "fundamental
Tony_Hoare
Dutch computer scientist (1930–2002)
ˈdɛikstraː] ; 11 May 1930 – 6 August 2002) was a Dutch computer scientist, programmer, mathematician, and science essayist. Born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands
Edsger_W._Dijkstra
Instructions a computer can execute
files are included in the correct order. Gehani, Narain (1985). Advanced C: Food for the Educated Palate. Computer Science Press. p. 196. ISBN 0-88175-078-6
Computer_program
Swedish computer scientist (born 1958)
R. John M. Hughes (born 15 July 1958) is a computer scientist and professor in the computer science department at Chalmers University of Technology. In
John Hughes (computer scientist)
John_Hughes_(computer_scientist)
Family of protocols for solving consensus
In computer science, Paxos is a family of protocols for solving consensus in a network of unreliable or fallible processors. Consensus is the process of
Paxos_(computer_science)
Invariants used to prove properties of loops
recursive programs, proving partial correctness of loops with invariants is very similar to proving the correctness of recursive programs via induction
Loop_invariant
Measures to ensure concurrent computing operations generate correct results
performance, but only in cases where application correctness is not harmed. For maintaining correctness in cases of failed (aborted) transactions (which
Concurrency_control
Programming language concept
Retrieved 23 May 2013. Franz Weber (1992). "Getting Class Correctness and System Correctness Equivalent - How to Get Covariance Right". TOOLS 8 (8th conference
Type_variance
Process of analyzing computer program behavior
In computer science, program analysis is the process of analyzing the behavior of computer programs regarding a property such as correctness, robustness
Program_analysis
with degrees in computer science. His research interests include: algebraic specification and formal software development, correctness of modular systems
Don_Sannella
Overview of computer engineering topics
Verification and validation (software) Correctness (computer science) Speech processing Image processing Computer vision Robotics Speech recognition Information
Computer engineering compendium
Computer_engineering_compendium
Mathematical program specifications
Sometimes, the motivation for proving the correctness of a system is not the obvious need for reassurance of the correctness of the system, but a desire to understand
Formal_methods
Using one interface or symbol with regards to multiple different types
1023/A:1010000313106. ISSN 1573-0557. S2CID 14124601. Tucker, Allen B. (2004). Computer Science Handbook (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-1-58488-360-9
Polymorphism (computer science)
Polymorphism_(computer_science)
The philosophy of computer science is concerned with the philosophical questions that arise within the discipline of computer science. There is still no
Philosophy of computer science
Philosophy_of_computer_science
Topics referred to by the same term
Heuristic may also refer to: Heuristic (computer science), a problem-solving technique that produces approximately correct solutions Heuristic (engineering)
Heuristic_(disambiguation)
Rules to verify computer program correctness
for reasoning rigorously about the correctness of computer programs. It was proposed in 1969 by the British computer scientist and logician Tony Hoare
Hoare_logic
Subdivisions of science defined by their scope
formal sciences are the branches of science that are concerned with formal systems, such as mathematics, logic, theoretical computer science, information
Branches_of_science
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
the term comes from mathematics use, rather than the prior use in computer science. The authors consider this overlap in terminology to be "unfortunate
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
State in which members are blocking each other
Readers-writer lock Sleeping barber problem Stalemate Synchronization (computer science) Turn restriction routing Coulouris, George (2012). Distributed Systems
Deadlock_(computer_science)
In computer science, program derivation is the derivation of a program from its specification, by mathematical means. To derive a program means to write
Program_derivation
American computer scientist
highest distinction in computer science. Liskov is one of the earliest women to have been granted a doctorate in computer science in the United States,
Barbara_Liskov
Computer science field
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification
Model_checking
American computer scientist (1945–2020)
hardware and software designs. He was the FORE Systems Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Clarke, along with E. Allen Emerson
Edmund_M._Clarke
Software that provides access that hides details
abstractions (computer science) Refinement for the opposite of abstraction in computing Indirection Integer (computer science) Heuristic (computer science) Colburn
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstraction_(computer_science)
Controlled environment used to verify the correctness of a design or model
test bench or testing workbench is an environment used to verify the correctness or soundness of a design or model. The term has its roots[citation needed]
Test_bench
Method in computer programming of forming higher-level object types
In computer science, object composition and object aggregation are closely related ways to combine objects or data types into more complex ones. In conversation
Object_composition
Interactive theorem prover software
In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal
Proof_assistant
Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming-CP97. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1330. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 222–236. doi:10.1007/BFb0017442
Distributed constraint optimization
Distributed_constraint_optimization
American computer scientist
Department of Computer Science at Princeton University. Aarti Gupta received her undergraduate degree from IIT Delhi, India and PhD in computer science from Carnegie
Aarti Gupta (computer scientist)
Aarti_Gupta_(computer_scientist)
Process to create executable computer programs
Reliability: how often the results of a program are correct. This depends on conceptual correctness of algorithms and minimization of programming mistakes
Computer_programming
Polish computer scientist
Polish computer scientist. He defended his PhD in mathematical logic in Warsaw, Poland in 1974. His research interests include program correctness and semantics
Krzysztof_R._Apt
Person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic calculators
by separate teams to check the correctness of the results. Since the end of the 20th century, the term "human computer" has also been applied to individuals
Computer_(occupation)
Chinese computer scientist (1943–2026)
1943 – January 25, 2026) was a Chinese computer scientist who was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2002, he became President of Beihang
Li_Wei_(computer_scientist)
Set of rules describing computer system
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the conceptual design and operational structure of a computer system that define
Computer_architecture
Refinement is a generic term of computer science that encompasses various approaches for producing correct computer programs and simplifying existing
Refinement_(computing)
Form of automatic memory management
In computer science, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management. The garbage collector attempts to reclaim memory that was allocated
Garbage collection (computer science)
Garbage_collection_(computer_science)
Attribute of data
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible
Data_type
British-American computer scientist
translator mother. He is currently the T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University. Valiant was awarded
Leslie_Valiant
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
producing provably correct compilers. Proving the correctness of a set of small programs often requires less effort than proving the correctness of a larger
Compiler
American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1941)
These contributions have resulted in improved correctness, performance, and reliability of computer systems. Lamport was born into a Jewish family in
Leslie_Lamport
19th century proposed mechanical computer
proposed digital mechanical general-purpose computer designed by the English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described
Analytical_engine
Concurrent program verification method
In computer science, interference freedom is a technique for proving partial correctness of concurrent programs with shared variables. Hoare logic had
Interference_freedom
American-Dutch computer scientist (born 1944)
the handle AST, is an American-born Dutch computer scientist and retired professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the
Andrew_S._Tanenbaum
American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1938)
computer science. Knuth has been called the "father of the analysis of algorithms". Knuth is the author of the multi-volume work The Art of Computer Programming
Donald_Knuth
Synchronization mechanism for enforcing limits on access to a resource
In computer science, a lock or mutex (from mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive that prevents state from being modified or accessed by multiple
Lock_(computer_science)
Formally verified C compiler
nationale de la recherche (ANR) and French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA). The compiler is specified, programmed and proven
CompCert
Of a function, an additional effect besides returning a value
In computer science, an operation or expression is said to have a side effect if it has any observable effect other than its primary effect of reading
Side effect (computer science)
Side_effect_(computer_science)
Topics referred to by the same term
is hardware- and software-compatible with the IBM Personal Computer Political correctness, language or behavior that avoids being offensive Player character
PC
Analysis of computer programs without executing them
In computer science, static program analysis (also known as static analysis or static simulation) is the analysis of computer programs performed without
Static_program_analysis
by Jane Margolis led Carnegie Mellon to try to correct the male-female imbalance in computer science. From the late 1980s until the mid-1990s, Misha
Women_in_computing
Algorithmic process of solving equations
In logic and computer science, specifically automated reasoning, unification is an algorithmic process of solving equations between symbolic expressions
Unification (computer science)
Unification_(computer_science)
Variable that represents an argument to a function
In computer programming, a parameter, or formal argument, is a variable that represents an argument to a function call. A function's signature defines
Parameter (computer programming)
Parameter_(computer_programming)
Design principle for computer programming
Separation of concerns (SoC) is a design principle in computer science and software engineering; it holds that a complex problem should be divided into
Separation_of_concerns
Unsolved problem in computer science
Unsolved problem in computer science If the solution to a problem can be verified in polynomial time, must the problem be solvable in polynomial time?
P_versus_NP_problem
Indian computer scientist (born 1976)
2002 to 2009. His primary area of research is computer science, and in particular on error-correcting codes. During 2007–2008, he visited the Institute
Venkatesan_Guruswami
Changing an expression from one data type to another
In computer science, type conversion, type casting, type coercion, and type juggling are different ways of changing an expression from one data type to
Type_conversion
a field of research, human–computer interaction is situated at the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design, media studies, and
Human–computer_interaction
Logic for proving computer program correctness
semantics is an approach based on mathematical logic for proving the correctness of computer programs. It is closely related to Hoare logic. Axiomatic semantics
Axiomatic_semantics
In computer science, algebraic semantics is a formal approach to programming language theory that uses algebraic methods for defining, specifying, and
Algebraic semantics (computer science)
Algebraic_semantics_(computer_science)
Mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages
chief aim was "a rigorous standard for proofs about computer programs, including proofs of correctness, equivalence, and termination". Floyd further wrote:
Semantics (programming languages)
Semantics_(programming_languages)
Checking software against expectations
Software testing can determine the correctness of software for specific scenarios but cannot determine correctness for all scenarios. It cannot find all
Software_testing
inference Interaction nets Girard, Jean-Yves. Linear logic, Theoretical Computer Science, Vol 50, no 1, pp. 1–102, 1987 Proofs and Types. Girard J-Y, Lafont
Proof_net
Online homework delivery system
mathematics and science. It allows students to complete their homework over the web, and receive instantaneous feedback as to the correctness of their responses
WeBWorK
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
prove the correctness of crucial software subsystems. Code reviews and unit testing, approaches to make modules more secure where formal correctness proofs
Computer_security
; Morgan, Carroll (2001). "Partial correctness for probabilistic demonic programs". Theoretical Computer Science. 266 (1): 513–541. doi:10.1016/S0304-3975(00)00208-5
Demonic_non-determinism
American computer scientist (born 1946)
certain properties. Proving correctness of a program is one of the most important problems presented in computer science. Typically in randomized testing
Richard_Lipton
Syntactic entity in a programming language with a determinable value
In computer science, an expression is a syntactic entity in a programming language that may be evaluated to determine its value of a specific semantic
Expression_(computer_science)
study of computer history Retrocomputing – Hobbyist use of older computer equipment Timeline of computing List of pioneers in computer science Vacuum-tube
History_of_computing_hardware
American engineer (1931–2024)
research, computer science, and management science. He was especially known for his work and publications in foundational questions about computer simulation
Richard_W._Conway
System with a countable number of states
In theoretical computer science, a discrete system is a system with a countable number of states. Discrete systems may be contrasted with continuous systems
Discrete_system
Overview of and topical guide to computer programming
algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as
Outline of computer programming
Outline_of_computer_programming
Formal specification language
"Proving Correctness of Multiprocess Programs". Lamport's paper also introduced safety and liveness as generalizations of partial correctness and termination
TLA+
American academic and Nobel Laureate (1916–2001)
2001) was an American scholar whose work influenced the fields of computer science, economics, and cognitive psychology. His primary research interest
Herbert_A._Simon
American annual computer science prize
technical importance to computer science. It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in the field of computer science and is often referred to
Turing_Award
Concept in computer science, referring to processes, or data
In computer science, synchronization is the task of coordinating multiple processes to join up or handshake at a certain point, in order to reach an agreement
Synchronization (computer science)
Synchronization_(computer_science)
Type of encoding method
mathematics, computer science, telecommunications, information theory, and search theory, error-correcting codes with feedback are error-correcting codes designed
Error-correcting codes with feedback
Error-correcting_codes_with_feedback
Dutch computer scientist
(born April 13, 1965, in Doetinchem) is a Dutch computer scientist. Groote studied computer science at Twente University obtaining his master's degree
Jan_Friso_Groote
Guarantee of validity following an update
In database systems, consistency (or correctness) refers to the requirement that any given database transaction must change affected data only in allowed
Consistency (database systems)
Consistency_(database_systems)
Algorithm whose behavior and output may depend on the run
In computer science and computer programming, a nondeterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors
Nondeterministic_algorithm
English computer scientist
English computer scientist. Chris Tofts studied mathematics as an undergraduate at Clare College, Cambridge, followed by a Diploma in Computer Science from
Chris_Tofts
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