Search references for SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES. Phrases containing SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
See searches and references containing SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES!SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
Mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational
Semantics (programming languages)
Semantics_(programming_languages)
Language for controlling a computer
with less effort. These languages are known as high-level languages. Programming languages have some similarity to natural languages in that they can allow
Programming_language
Study of programming languages via mathematical objects
from the languages. Other approaches providing formal semantics of programming languages include axiomatic semantics and operational semantics. Broadly
Denotational_semantics
Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules
Comparison of programming languages
Comparison_of_programming_languages
Branch of computer science
and set theory. Formal semantics is the formal specification of the behaviour of computer programs and programming languages. Three common approaches
Programming_language_theory
Category of formal programming language semantics
Operational semantics is a category of formal programming language semantics in which certain desired properties of a program, such as correctness, safety
Operational_semantics
Approach to formal semantics
1990s, game semantics has found important applications in theoretical computer science, particularly in the semantics of programming languages, concurrency
Game_semantics
Study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal and natural languages
In logic, the semantics or formal semantics is the study of the meaning and interpretation of formal languages, formal systems, and (idealizations of)
Semantics_(logic)
Logic for proving computer program correctness
Operational semantics — in terms of the state of the computation Formal semantics of programming languages — overview Predicate transformer semantics — describes
Axiomatic_semantics
Extent to which a programming language discourages type errors
safety is the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.[vague] Type-safe languages are sometimes also called strongly
Type_safety
Proprietary language for AI accelerators
y = 1 var z = 0 z += 1 Computer programming portal Free and open-source software portal List of programming languages for artificial intelligence Sullivan
Mojo_(programming_language)
Form of source code, without regard to meaning
functional programming languages, such as Haskell, or in scripting languages, such as Python or Perl, or in imperative programming languages such as C
Syntax (programming languages)
Syntax_(programming_languages)
Study of meaning in language
structures found in all languages is sometimes referred to as universal semantics. Semantics usually focuses on natural languages but it can also include
Semantics
Programming paradigm based on modeling the logic of a computation
declarative programming is a programming paradigm that expresses the logic of a computation without fully describing its control flow. Languages that permit
Declarative_programming
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm
Functional_programming
Programming paradigm based on objects
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s).[clarification needed]
Object-oriented_programming
Topics referred to by the same term
Semantics may also refer to: Semantics (computer science), the mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages Semantics of logic, the study of the
Semantics_(disambiguation)
Formal semantics of logic programming languages
and semantics of the purely declarative subset of these languages. Confusingly, the name "logic programming" also refers to a specific programming language
Syntax and semantics of logic programming
Syntax_and_semantics_of_logic_programming
Formal study of linguistic meaning
such as the language of first-order logic, and programming languages in computer science, such as C++, JavaScript, and Python. Formal semantics is related
Formal semantics (natural language)
Formal_semantics_(natural_language)
Sequence of words formed by specific rules
science, formal languages are used, among others, as the basis for defining the grammars of programming languages and controlled natural languages (i.e., formalized
Formal_language
Lightweight programming language
programming languages, but more complicated or domain-specific features were not included; rather, it included mechanisms for extending the language,
Lua
Programming language for experimentation or art
An esoteric programming language (sometimes shortened to esolang) or weird language is a programming language designed to test the boundaries of computer
Esoteric_programming_language
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
Subfield of linguistic semantics
Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), as a subfield of linguistic semantics, is the study of word meanings. It includes the study of how words
Lexical_semantics
time-reversible programming language written at Caltech in 1982. The operational semantics of the language were formally specified, together with a program inverter
Janus (time-reversible computing programming language)
Janus_(time-reversible_computing_programming_language)
Computer programming paradigm
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, classified as imperative programming, that involves implementing the behavior of a computer program as procedures
Procedural_programming
Reformulation of Floyd-Hoare logic
programs". They define the semantics of an imperative programming paradigm by assigning to each statement in this language a corresponding predicate transformer:
Predicate transformer semantics
Predicate_transformer_semantics
Stack-based programming language
provides an opaque handle for the compiled semantics, similar to the function pointers of the C programming language. Execution tokens can be stored in variables
Forth_(programming_language)
List of programming languages types and the languages that meet its description
list of notable programming languages, grouped by notable language attribute. As a language can have multiple attributes, the same language can be in multiple
List of programming languages by type
List_of_programming_languages_by_type
of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were
History of programming languages
History_of_programming_languages
Processing of natural language by a computer
two-level morphology), semantics (e.g., Lesk algorithm), reference (e.g., within Centering Theory) and other areas of natural language understanding (e.g
Natural_language_processing
Type of logical system
logic, while the semantics determines the meanings behind these expressions. Unlike natural languages, such as English, the language of first-order logic
First-order_logic
Topics referred to by the same term
languages Formal semantics or semantics (computer science), the mathematical study of the interpretations of programming languages This disambiguation
Formal_semantics
Programming language written graphically by a user
computing, a visual programming language (visual programming system, VPL, or, VPS), also known as diagrammatic programming, graphical programming or block coding
Visual_programming_language
Programming language that is in some sense minimal
features. These programming languages have simple syntax and semantics, so one can learn them quickly and easily. Some lightweight languages (for example
Lightweight programming language
Lightweight_programming_language
Family of knowledge representation languages
sources of data such as corporate databases. The OWL languages are characterized by formal semantics. They are built upon the World Wide Web Consortium's
Web_Ontology_Language
Type of programming paradigm in computer science
Malcolm "Algebraic Semantics of Imperative Programs" MIT Press 1966 ISBN 9780262071727 Functional programming History of programming languages List of imperative
Imperative_programming
General-purpose programming language
and C Comparison of programming languages List of C compilers List of C programming books Outline of the C programming language "Thompson had made a
C_(programming_language)
Computer language specialized to a specific set of requirements or function
domain-specific programming languages. Special-purpose computer languages have always existed in the computer age, but the term "domain-specific language" has become
Domain-specific_language
Programming language for JSON
"Dynamically_typed_programming_languages" "Functional_languages" "Programming_languages" "Programming_languages_created_in_2012" "Query_languages" "2012_software"
Jq_(programming_language)
Analysis of computer programs without executing them
In contrast, ICC attempts to create from the outset specialized programming languages or methods that delineate a complexity class. Thus, SA's focus is
Static_program_analysis
Text-string-oriented programming language
SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language) is a series of programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David
SNOBOL
Type of programming language
compositional semantics with a syntax that mirrors such a semantic makes concatenative languages highly amenable to algebraic manipulation of programs; although
Concatenative programming language
Concatenative_programming_language
Programming language construct specifying an identifier's properties
Explicit"). Expression (computer science) Scope (computer science) Semantics (programming languages) For example, Java uses "declaration" (class declaration, method
Declaration (computer programming)
Declaration_(computer_programming)
specification of presentation semantics for that syntax. Many markup languages, including HTML, DSSSL, and XSL-FO, have presentation semantics, but others, such as
Presentation_semantics
Programming language
system is called gradual typing, which is also implemented in other programming languages such as ActionScript. Hack's type system allows types to be specified
Hack_(programming_language)
School of thought on cognition and problem-solving
General semantics is a school of thought that incorporates philosophic and scientific aspects. Although it does not stand on its own as a separate school
General_semantics
Documentation defining a programming language
ways in which programming language semantics can be described; all languages use at least one of these description methods, and some languages combine more
Programming language specification
Programming_language_specification
Functional programming language
Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC). Haskell's semantics are historically based on those of the Miranda programming language, which served to focus the efforts of
Haskell
Meaning represented by natural language
Computational semantics is a subfield of computational linguistics. Its goal is to elucidate the cognitive mechanisms supporting the generation and interpretation
Computational_semantics
Procedural programming language
internal and user-defined types, which became the ubiquitous C programming language. BCPL semantics with a lot of SMALGOL syntax — Ken Thompson, Ken Thompson
B_(programming_language)
Field of linguistics
distributional properties in large samples of language data. The basic idea of distributional semantics can be summed up in the distributional hypothesis:
Distributional_semantics
Organizing code into modules
language, though the syntax and semantics of Clang C modules differ from C++ modules. Modular programming can be performed even where the programming
Modular_programming
Process by which explicit type annotations are removed from a program
In programming languages, type erasure is the load-time process by which explicit type annotations are removed from a program, before it is executed at
Type_erasure
Programming paradigm
universe of the program. Most approaches to probabilistic logic programming are based on the distribution semantics, which underlies many languages such as Probabilistic
Probabilistic logic programming
Probabilistic_logic_programming
Programming language
programming and network performance analysis. Like John Backus's languages FP and FL, J supports function-level programming via its tacit programming
J_(programming_language)
Programming language close to hardware
A low-level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture, memory
Low-level programming language
Low-level_programming_language
Programming language
Go is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that is statically typed and compiled. It is known for the simplicity of its syntax and the efficiency
Go_(programming_language)
Lisp dialect
multi-paradigm programming language. The Racket language is a modern dialect of Lisp and a descendant of Scheme. It is designed as a platform for programming language
Racket_(programming_language)
Using one interface or symbol with regards to multiple different types
originally described in Christopher Strachey's Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages, where they are listed as "the two main classes" of polymorphism
Polymorphism (programming language theory)
Polymorphism_(programming_language_theory)
Programming language family
(historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix
Lisp_(programming_language)
Section of code that details a specific command
computer programming, a statement is a syntactic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out. [vague] A program written
Statement_(computer_science)
Computer programming language released in 2011
programming portal Comparison of programming languages History of programming languages List of programming languages List of programming languages by
Red_(programming_language)
Ability of a process to examine and modify itself
Invoke(fooInstance) End If Next List of reflective programming languages and platforms Mirror (programming) Programming paradigms Self-hosting (compilers) Self-modifying
Reflective_programming
Apple's general-purpose, open-source, compiled programming language
Computer programming portal List of Swift software and tools Comparison of programming languages Objective-C D (programming language) Kotlin (programming language)
Swift_(programming_language)
Irish computer scientist
contributed especially to concurrency, process calculi and programming language semantics. During 1976–77, Matthew Hennessy was an assistant professor
Matthew_Hennessy
Microsoft programming language
Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) languages, F# can use CLI types through object-oriented programming. F# support for object-oriented programming in expressions
F Sharp (programming language)
F_Sharp_(programming_language)
Protocol between IDEs and programming language-specific servers
a sophisticated understanding of the programming language that the program's source is written in. A programming tool without such an understanding—for
Language_Server_Protocol
General-purpose programming language
Intermediate Programming. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-32192-8. Information Technology Industry Council (15 October 2003). Programming languages – C++ (Second ed
C++
Set of rules defining correctly structured Prolog programs
The syntax and semantics of Prolog, a programming language, are the sets of rules that define how a Prolog program is written and how it is interpreted
Prolog_syntax_and_semantics
The C-family programming languages share significant features of the C programming language. Many of these 70 languages were influenced by C due to its
List of C-family programming languages
List_of_C-family_programming_languages
Declarative logic programming language
Derivatives of Fixpoints, and the Recursive Semantics of Datalog". In Caires, Luís (ed.). Programming Languages and Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Datalog
Computer programming for quantum computers
processor-based systems, quantum programming languages provide high-level abstractions to express quantum algorithms efficiently. These languages often integrate with
Quantum_programming
High-level programming language first released in 1980
and object-oriented high-level programming language, inspired by Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design by contract (DbC)
Ada_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
collection. Python supports multiple programming paradigms but with an emphasis on object-oriented programming and dynamic typing. Guido van Rossum began
Python_(programming_language)
Programming language for programming reactive systems
Synchronous programming, also called synchronous reactive programming (SRP), is a computer programming paradigm supported by synchronous programming languages. The
Synchronous programming language
Synchronous_programming_language
In computer science, algebraic semantics is a formal approach to programming language theory that uses algebraic methods for defining, specifying, and
Algebraic semantics (computer science)
Algebraic_semantics_(computer_science)
Programming with Jolie". Science of Computer Programming. 130: 69–96. arXiv:1410.3712. doi:10.1016/j.scico.2016.05.002. "Jolie Programming Language -
Jolie_(programming_language)
History of programming languages. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238850. ISBN 9781595937667. S2CID 555765. Johan Erikson and Björn Lisper. "A Formal Semantics for PLEX"
PLEX_(programming_language)
Structure of a formal language
formal languages. Many languages have the meanings of their strings structured according to their syntax—a practice known as compositional semantics. In
Formal_grammar
the language's syntax and semantics, to be executable both forwards and backwards deterministically. The fundamental goal of a reversible programming language
Reversible programming language
Reversible_programming_language
Programming language that uses first order logic
logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules
Prolog
General-purpose functional programming language
functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular for writing compilers, for programming language research
Standard_ML
Model of concurrent computation
Record of ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, January 1974. Carl Hewitt, et al. Behavioral Semantics of Nonrecursive Control Structure Archived
Actor_model
Synchronous programming language Dataflow programming Globally asynchronous locally synchronous Formal verification Model checking Formal semantics of programming
SIGNAL_(programming_language)
modelling languages, query languages, transformation languages, software interfaces, database schemata, domain-specific languages, markup languages, etc.
Software_language
Methodology of programming
Invariant-based programming is a programming methodology where specifications and invariants are written before the actual program statements. Writing
Invariant-based_programming
on programming languages and mechanisms supporting software evolution Maurice Nivat, research in formal languages and programming language semantics; received
List of programming language researchers
List_of_programming_language_researchers
in programming by enabling code translation into various written languages while maintaining compatibility with Python-style semantics. The language and
Non-English-based programming languages
Non-English-based_programming_languages
Branch of logic
not true – see § Semantics below. Propositional logic is typically studied through a formal system in which formulas of a formal language are interpreted
Propositional_logic
Executing several computations during overlapping time periods
Red/System – for system programming, based on Rebol Rust – for system programming, using message-passing with move semantics, and shared memory (immutable
Concurrent_computing
of Prolog, functional programming (including lazy evaluation), higher-order (with predicate abstractions), constraint programming, and objects, as well
Ciao_(programming_language)
Programming language
(SDL) and OpenGL. Vala is a programming language that combines the high-level build-time performance of scripting languages with the run-time performance
Vala_(programming_language)
classification of programming languages, an applicative programming language is built out of functions applied to arguments. Applicative languages are functional
Applicative programming language
Applicative_programming_language
Programming paradigm based on asynchronous data streams
In computing, reactive programming is a declarative programming paradigm concerned with data streams and the propagation of change. With this paradigm
Reactive_programming
Rules used for constructing, or transforming the symbols and words of a language
composition of well-formed expressions in a programming language. As in mathematical logic, it is independent of semantics and interpretation. A symbol is an idea
Syntax_(logic)
Action semantics is a framework for the formal specification of semantics of programming languages invented by David Watt and Peter D. Mosses in the 1990s
Action_semantics
American logician (born 1932)
the 1970s laid the foundations of modern approaches to the semantics of programming languages. He has also worked on modal logic, topology, and category
Dana_Scott
Sub-field of computer science
Programming languages are typically created by designing a form of representation of a computer program, and writing an implementation for the developed
Programming language design and implementation
Programming_language_design_and_implementation
Mathematical model for data types
Most mainstream computer languages do not directly support formally specifying ADTs.However, various programming language features correspond to certain
Abstract_data_type
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Parting line, A white rose
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Parting line, A white rose
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
A White Rose
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English persone, parsoun ‘parish priest’, ‘parson’ (Old French persone, from Latin persona ‘person’, ‘character’), hence a status name for a parish priest or perhaps a nickname for a devout man. The reasons for the semantic shift from ‘person’ to ‘priest’ are not certain; the most plausible explanation is that the local priest was regarded as the representative person of the parish. The phonetic change from -er- to -ar- was a regular development in Middle English.Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish names.Americanized spelling of Swedish Pärsson, Persson (see Persson).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Flower
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
Girl/Female
German, Swedish
People's Ruler; Ruler of the People
Female
English
English variant form of Latin Jacintha, JACINDA means "hyacinth flower."
Boy/Male
Irish
Loving husband.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Priest's Meadow
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who drove herds of cattle across the country to a market, from an agent derivative of Old English drÄf ‘drove’, ‘herd’.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God helps.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Victorious
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Hindu
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
SEMANTICS PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES
a.
Of or pertaining to the Urals and the Altai; as the Ural-Altaic, or Turanian, languages.
a.
Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples who speak these languages.
n.
Alt. of Semiotics
n.
Semeiology.
sing.
A Bible consisting of four different Greek versions arranged in four columns by Origen; hence, any version in four languages or four columns.
n.
The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a.
n.
The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.
n.
The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.
superl.
Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular.
n.
The science which treats of the general properties of matter; somatology.
n.
A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of the organs in the mouth -- tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip -- against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.
n.
Same as Tsetse. U () the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y.
n.
The doctrine or the science of the general properties of material substances; somatics.
n.
Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.
a.
Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in three languages.
n.
The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages).
n.
A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English.
n.
One of the three surd mutes /, /, /; -- so called in relation to their respective middle letters, or medials, /, /, /, and their aspirates, /, /, /. The term is also applied to the corresponding letters and articulate elements in other languages.
n.
Same as Semeiotics.