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Computer science field
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification
Model_checking
Transition system
the transition system, originally proposed by Saul Kripke, used in model checking to represent the behavior of a system. It consists of a graph whose
Kripke structure (model checking)
Kripke_structure_(model_checking)
abstraction model checking is a form of model checking for systems where an actual representation is too complex in developing the model alone. So, the
Abstract_model_checking
This article lists model checking tools and gives an overview of the functionality of each. The following table includes model checkers that have a web
List_of_model_checking_tools
Computer science textbook
Principles of Model Checking is a textbook on model checking, an area of computer science that automates the problem of determining if a machine meets
Principles_of_Model_Checking
In model checking, a field of computer science, a region is a convex polytope in R d {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{d}} for some dimension d {\displaystyle
Region_(model_checking)
Proving or disproving the correctness of certain intended algorithms
dictionary. Automated theorem proving Model checking List of model checking tools Formal equivalence checking Proof checker Property Specification Language
Formal_verification
In model checking, a subfield of computer science, a clock is a mathematical object used to model time. More precisely, a clock measures how much time
Clock_(model_checking)
Process of analyzing computer program behavior
[clarification needed] Model checking refers to strict, formal, and automated ways to check if a model (which in this context means a formal model of a piece of
Program_analysis
specifications. Model checking and symbolic execution are used to verify the safety-critical properties of device drivers. The input to the model checker is
Device driver synthesis and verification
Device_driver_synthesis_and_verification
In computer science, especially model checking and abstract interpretation, widening refers to at least two different techniques in the analysis of abstract
Widening_(computer_science)
Computer program for the Boolean satisfiability problem
verification of hardware and software. In model checking (in particular, bounded model checking), SAT solvers are used to check whether a finite-state system satisfies
SAT_solver
In model checking, a subfield of computer science, a signal or timed state sequence is an extension of the notion of words in a formal language, in which
Signal_(model_checking)
American computer scientist (1954–2024)
development of symbolic model checking. The citation reads: For their invention of symbolic model checking, a method of formally checking system designs, which
E._Allen_Emerson
Statistics models class
In statistics, a generalized additive model (GAM) is a generalized linear model in which the linear response variable depends linearly on unknown smooth
Generalized_additive_model
Tool for verifying the correctness of software models
then converted into Büchi automata as part of the model-checking algorithm. In addition to model-checking, SPIN can also operate as a simulator, following
SPIN_model_checker
Modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time
computer science, this type of model checking is often used to verify that an algorithm is structured correctly. To check LTL specifications on infinite
Linear_temporal_logic
Technique for symbolic model checking and logic calculi
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) is a technique for symbolic model checking. It is also applied in modal logic tableau calculi algorithms to optimise
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement
Counterexample-guided_abstraction_refinement
American computer scientist (1945–2020)
was an American computer scientist and academic noted for developing model checking, a method for formally verifying hardware and software designs. He was
Edmund_M._Clarke
Declarative specification language
designed for model-checking in that it permits the definition of infinite models. The Alloy Analyzer is designed to perform finite scope checks even on infinite
Alloy (specification language)
Alloy_(specification_language)
Mathematical program specifications
intervention. Model checkers can quickly get bogged down in checking millions of uninteresting states if not given a sufficiently abstract model. Proponents
Formal_methods
Formal model in concurrency theory
support for analysis of CSP processes both through refinement checking, and LTL model-checking. ProB can also be used to verify properties of combined CSP
Communicating sequential processes
Communicating_sequential_processes
Finite-state model checker for concurrent and real-time systems
domains. It includes user interfaces, model editor and animated simulator. PAT implements various model checking techniques catering for different properties
PAT_(model_checker)
Application of model-based design
producing test cases. Model checkers can also be used for test case generation. Originally model checking was developed as a technique to check if a property
Model-based_testing
Analysis of computer programs without executing them
language extended with ACSL (ANSI/ISO C Specification Language) ). Model checking, considers systems that have finite state or may be reduced to finite
Static_program_analysis
used for a variety of other purposes, including model checking of distributed applications model checking of user interfaces test case generation by means
Java_Pathfinder
Greek-French computer scientist
along with Edmund M. Clarke and E. Allen Emerson, for his work on model checking. Joseph Sifakis was born in Heraklion, Crete in 1946 and lives in France
Joseph_Sifakis
Computer language security feature
Taint checking is a feature in some computer programming languages, such as Perl, Ruby or Ballerina designed to increase security by preventing malicious
Taint_checking
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
electronic design automation (EDA) include formal equivalence checking, model checking, formal verification of pipelined microprocessors, automatic test
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Programming language
subsequently use mCRL2 for model checking against mu-calculus property specifications. (Alternatively, the Vereofy model checker also supports verification
Reo_Coordination_Language
systems. Much of this work showed how formal verification techniques like model checking could be used to gain a high level of assurance that agent based systems
Agent_verification
Reimplementation and extension of SMV model checker
model checker, the first model checking tool based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs). The tool has been designed as an open architecture for model checking
NuSMV
Formal specification language
are written in a formal language, they are amenable to finite model checking. The model checker finds all possible system behaviours up to some number
TLA+
Theory in computer science
computationally efficient to model check, it has become more common in industrial use, and many of the most successful model-checking tools use CTL as a specification
Computation_tree_logic
ISBN 978-3-540-32419-5. Maler, Oded; Nickovic, Dejan; Pnueli, Amir (2008). "Checking temporal properties of discrete, timed and continuous behaviors". Pillars
Metric_temporal_logic
Branching-time logic that is a superset of LTL and CTL
years later in 1981 E. M. Clarke and E. A. Emerson invented CTL and CTL model checking. CTL* was defined by E. A. Emerson and Joseph Y. Halpern in 1983. CTL
CTL*
path includes all members of F infinitely often. Fair CTL model checking restricts the checks to only fair paths. There are two kinds of fair quantifiers:
Fair_computational_tree_logic
Subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic
Computer-aided proof Formal verification Logic programming Proof checking Model checking Proof complexity Computer algebra system Program analysis (computer
Automated_theorem_proving
Nonlinear relationship between stress and strain
elastic-plastic transition. As it is a phenomenological model, checking the fit of the model with actual experimental data for the particular material
Ramberg–Osgood_relationship
formal verification (a methodology from computer science), finite state model checking needs to find a Büchi automaton (BA) equivalent to a given linear temporal
Linear temporal logic to Büchi automaton
Linear_temporal_logic_to_Büchi_automaton
Israeli computer scientist
model checking, program synthesis and runtime verification. With Edmund M. Clarke and Orna Grumberg, he is the coauthor of the book Model Checking (MIT
Doron_A._Peled
Data structure for Boolean functions
contains the set of problems with polynomially sized BDDs[citation needed] Model checking Radix tree Barrington's theorem Hardware acceleration Karnaugh map,
Binary_decision_diagram
Graphical representation of a workflow
verify such a specification using model checking techniques. Specification and Description Language Business Process Modeling Notation Control-flow graph Data
Activity_diagram
fact-checking websites includes websites that provide fact-checking services about both political and non-political subjects. Whether a fact-checking site
List of fact-checking websites
List_of_fact-checking_websites
Symbolic trajectory evaluation (STE) is a lattice-based model checking technology that uses a form of symbolic simulation. STE is essentially used for
Symbolic trajectory evaluation
Symbolic_trajectory_evaluation
Concept in computer science
Sagiv, Mooly (2007). "Thread-Modular Shape Analysis". Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (PDF). Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Separation_logic
Fragment of metric temporal logic
In model checking, the Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) is a fragment of Metric Temporal Logic (MTL). This fragment is often preferred to MTL because
Metric interval temporal logic
Metric_interval_temporal_logic
static code analysis techniques such as abstract interpretation and model checking combined with constraint satisfaction techniques to detect or prove the
List of tools for static code analysis
List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis
Approach to static program analysis
multiplication. These domains can be combined using the reduced product. Model checking Symbolic simulation Symbolic execution List of tools for static code
Abstract_interpretation
Process of verifying information in non-fictional text
Fact-checking is the process of verifying the factual accuracy of questioned reporting and statements. Fact-checking can be conducted before or after
Fact-checking
Extension of propositional modal logic
Doron A. Peled (1999). Model Checking. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT press. ISBN 0-262-03270-8., chapter 7, Model checking for the μ-calculus, pp
Modal_μ-calculus
developed for checking that a program conforms to a hyperproperty. HyperLTL and some model checking algorithms have been developed for checking that a finite
Hyperproperty
Technique used in formal verification of computer systems
technique for reducing the size of the state-space to be searched by a model checking or automated planning and scheduling algorithm. It exploits the commutativity
Partial_order_reduction
American model, runway coach, and television personality (born 1958)
In 2026, he appeared in the Netflix documentary, Reality Check: Inside America's Next Top Model. Alexander was born in the South Bronx, New York City, the
J._Alexander_(model)
Model for designing artificial intelligence
Semantics:2017 Model Checking Agent Programming Languages MCAPL (Zenodo) Brahms "Home". jacamo.sourceforge.net. A. S. Rao and M. P. Georgeff. Modeling Rational
Belief–desire–intention software model
Belief–desire–intention_software_model
Bug in the Intel P5 Pentium floating-point unit
bug, a technique applicable to the SRT algorithm called "word-level model checking" was developed in 1996. Intel went on to use formal verification extensively
Pentium_FDIV_bug
continuous PDDL+ models with processes and events; also timed initial literals and timed initial fluents. rumur Model checking list of model checking tools Dill
Murφ
Bounded model checker
Serdar; Tautschnig, Michael; Tuttle, Mark R. (April 2021). "Code-level model checking in the software development workflow at Amazon Web Services". Software:
C_Bounded_Model_Checker
Microsoft research project
Microsoft Research, aimed at verifying software safety properties using model checking techniques. It was implemented in OCaml, and has been used to find many
SLAM_project
can be automatically generated by software using model checking or symbolic execution. Model checking can ensure all the paths of a simple program are
Test_design
Structured visual modeling technique
safety and security properties are satisfied. Model checking has often been applied to system models to check that hazardous states can’t be reached during
Behavior_tree
Automaton which either accepts or rejects infinite inputs
Büchi, who invented them in 1962. Büchi automata are often used in model checking as an automata-theoretic version of a formula in linear temporal logic
Büchi_automaton
Class of process mining techniques
process conformance checking (a.k.a. conformance checking for short) is a family of process mining techniques to compare a process model with an event log
Conformance_checking
Integrated tool environment
PRObabilistic reachability analysis. (Discontinued) SMC for Statistical Model Checking. "Case Studies". UPPAAL academic website UPPAAL commercial website Design
Uppaal_Model_Checker
automata; a transformation is given here. In formal verification, the model checking method needs to obtain an automaton from a LTL formula that specifies
Generalized_Büchi_automaton
Computer science and logic conference
Dill, "Model-checking for real-time systems" Jerry R. Burch, Edmund Clarke, Kenneth L. McMillan, David L. Dill, James Hwang, "Symbolic model checking: 10^20
Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
Symposium_on_Logic_in_Computer_Science
Israeli computer scientist
Chair of Science at the Technion. Grumberg is noted for developing model checking, a method for formally verifying hardware and software designs. With
Orna_Grumberg
American computer scientist
initial work on symbolic model checking based on binary decision diagrams culminated in the creation of the SMV/nuSMV family of model checkers. He also pioneered
Kenneth_L._McMillan
Concept in theoretical computer science
In model checking, a subfield of computer science, a timed word is an extension of the notion of words, in a formal language, in which each letter is associated
Timed_word
American computer scientist
Laboratories. His research has included formal modeling and analysis of reactive systems, hybrid systems, model checking, software verification, design automation
Rajeev_Alur
Extended static checking (ESC) is a collective name in computer science for a range of techniques for statically checking the correctness of various program
Extended_static_checking
Ability to execute a task in a non-serial manner
nondeterminism which raises issues with model checking because it causes explosion in the state space and can even cause models to have an infinite number of states
Concurrency (computer science)
Concurrency_(computer_science)
Extraction of information from a running system to verify certain properties
the complexity of traditional formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, by analyzing only one or a few execution traces
Runtime_verification
Type of machine learning model
Parity Benchmark. Fact-checking and misinformation detection benchmarks are available. A 2023 study compared the fact-checking accuracy of LLMs including
Large_language_model
Model Checking for Programming Languages using VeriSoft POPL 1997 Cormac Flanagan and Patrice Godefroid, Dynamic partial-order reduction for model checking
ISP_Formal_Verification_Tool
Creating a new graph from an existing graph
based on EMF, supporting in-place and model-to-model transformation, critical pair analysis, and model checking. PROGRES, an integrated environment and
Graph_rewriting
In model checking, a field of computer science, timed propositional temporal logic (TPTL) is an extension of propositional linear temporal logic (LTL)
Timed propositional temporal logic
Timed_propositional_temporal_logic
Rules that guarantee predictable computer memory operation
guarantees sequential consistency. Verifying sequential consistency through model checking is undecidable in general, even for finite-state cache coherence protocols
Consistency_model
Problem in math and computer science
exponential size in the size of the description. In symbolic model checking, the model (the underlying graph) is described with the aid of a symbolic
Reachability_problem
Loop transformation technique
part of certain formal verification techniques, in particular bounded model checking. The overhead in "tight" loops often consists of instructions to increment
Loop_unrolling
An alternating timed automaton (ATA) is a modeling formalism that combines features of timed automaton and an alternating finite automaton to succinctly
Alternating_timed_automaton
Concept in model checking (computer science)
In model checking, a branch of computer science, linear time properties are used to describe requirements of a model of a computer system. Example properties
Linear_time_property
Logical formulation of graph properties
{\displaystyle G} . The algorithmic problem of model checking concerns testing whether a given graph models a given sentence. The algorithmic problem of
Logic_of_graphs
Theorem in computability theory
abstract interpretation. Yet another direction for verification is model checking, which can only apply to finite-state programs, not to Turing-complete
Rice's_theorem
Branch of computational complexity theory
parameterized model checking problem for this tuple. Each problem instance is: Input: ϕ ∈ Γ {\displaystyle \phi \in \Gamma } , and a finite model A {\displaystyle
Parameterized_complexity
2026 American documentary television series
Reality Check: Inside America's Next Top Model is an American documentary television series directed by Mor Loushy and Daniel Sivan. The three-part series
Reality Check: Inside America's Next Top Model
Reality_Check:_Inside_America's_Next_Top_Model
Clarke – model checking John Cocke – reduced instruction set computer (RISC) Edgar F. Codd (1923–2003) – formulated the database relational model Jacques
List_of_computer_scientists
verification Tool (BLAST) is a software model checking tool for C programs. The task addressed by BLAST is the need to check whether software satisfies the behavioral
BLAST_model_checker
Branch of artificial intelligence
to model checking - both are essentially problems of traversing state spaces, and the classical planning problem corresponds to a subclass of model checking
Automated planning and scheduling
Automated_planning_and_scheduling
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
model checking In computer science, model checking or property checking is, for a given model of a system, exhaustively and automatically checking whether
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Dutch theoretical computer scientist
interests are formal methods, computer aided verification, in particular model checking and deductive program verification, concurrency theory, and semantics
Joost-Pieter_Katoen
Polish computer scientist living in the UK
Formal Methods 2024 conference, Milan, September 2024. 'Probabilistic Model Checking for the Data-Rich World' BCS 2020 Lovelace Lecture, on-line event, May
Marta_Kwiatkowska
Properties can be verified by checking equivalences between concrete and abstract system descriptions or by model checking temporal formulas (expressed
TAPAs_model_checker
2015 Microsoft operating system version
with no TPM or TPM 1.2; it is also the last to officially lack a CPU model check before installation. Support ended on October 14, 2025, except for editions
Windows_10
Software verification technique
approach is also applicable to model checking. In a concolic model checker, the model checker traverses states of the model representing the software being
Concolic_testing
partial order reduction and symmetry reduction. Formal methods Model checking SPIN model checker M. Sirjani. Formal Specification and Verification of Concurrent
Rebeca_(programming_language)
language, The computational complexity of tasks such as satisfiability or model checking for the logical fragment can be no higher than the same tasks in the
Fragment_(logic)
Canadian electrical and computer engineer
supervised by Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, was Qualitative Analysis, Model Checking, and Controller Synthesis of Hybrid Systems. After postdoctoral studies
Mireille_Broucke
German theoretical computer scientist
1965) is a German theoretical computer scientist known for her work in model checking, temporal logic, and automata theory. She is a professor at TU Dresden
Christel_Baier
Topics referred to by the same term
cognitive impairments and dementia Verification and validation (software), checking that software meets specifications and fulfills its intended purpose Verification
Validation
MODEL CHECKING
MODEL CHECKING
Boy/Male
Australian, French
Famous Ruler
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Wealthy.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Model; Example
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Model; Idea
Surname or Lastname
English (Surrey)
English (Surrey) : unexplained. Compare Moad.
Male
Yiddish
Pet form of Yiddish Mordche, MOTEL means "devotee of Marduk."Â
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Model or Pattern
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sample, Model, Paragon
Boy/Male
Hindu
Model state of india
Female
Yiddish
(×”Ö¸×דֶעל) Pet form of Yiddish Hode, HODEL means "myrtle tree."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ayilyam | அயீலà¯à®¯à®®
Model state of india
Ayilyam | அயீலà¯à®¯à®®
Girl/Female
Hebrew
From the tower.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Sample; Model; Paragon
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Example; Model; Demo
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi
Enjoyment
Boy/Male
Egyptian
To model.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Model, Example
Girl/Female
British, English, German, Russian
Supper
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old German personal name, Godilo, Godila.German (Gödel) : from a pet form of a compound personal name beginning with the element gÅd ‘good’ or god, got ‘god’.Variant of Godl or Gödl, South German variants of Gote, from Middle High German got(t)e, gö(t)te ‘godfather’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from the Yiddish male personal name Godl, a pet form of God, a variant of biblical Gad.
Boy/Male
Latin
Swarthy.
MODEL CHECKING
MODEL CHECKING
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Lord Vishnu
Male
Hebrew
(עֻזָּה, ×¢Ö»×–Ö¼Ö¸×) Hebrew name UZZA means "power, strength." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a man slain by God for touching the ark.
Girl/Female
Latin
True image; honest image. Biblical - from the maiden who handed Christ her handkerchief on the...
Boy/Male
Biblical
Searching out.
Female
French
Feminine form of French Alexandre, ALEXANDRIE means "defender of mankind."
Boy/Male
Arabic
Diligent; Industrious
Boy/Male
Tamil
Yajur Veda
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Quite
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Tender; Affectionate
Biblical
whom God made
MODEL CHECKING
MODEL CHECKING
MODEL CHECKING
MODEL CHECKING
MODEL CHECKING
n.
Prevailing popular custom; fashion, especially in the phrase the mode.
v. i.
To make a copy or a pattern; to design or imitate forms; as, to model in wax.
n.
Manner of doing or being; method; form; fashion; custom; way; style; as, the mode of speaking; the mode of dressing.
n.
Anything which serves, or may serve, as an example for imitation; as, a government formed on the model of the American constitution; a model of eloquence, virtue, or behavior.
a.
Suitable to be taken as a model or pattern; as, a model house; a model husband.
imp. & p. p.
of Model
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Model
n.
Something intended to serve, or that may serve, as a pattern of something to be made; a material representation or embodiment of an ideal; sometimes, a drawing; a plan; as, the clay model of a sculpture; the inventor's model of a machine.
a.
Of or pertaining to a mode or mood; consisting in mode or form only; relating to form; having the form without the essence or reality.
n.
Any copy, or resemblance, more or less exact.
n.
That by which a thing is to be measured; standard.
n.
The scale as affected by the various positions in it of the minor intervals; as, the Dorian mode, the Ionic mode, etc., of ancient Greek music.
a.
Indicating, or pertaining to, some mode of conceiving existence, or of expressing thought.
v. t.
To model.
n.
A person who poses as a pattern to an artist.
v. t.
To plan or form after a pattern; to form in model; to form a model or pattern for; to shape; to mold; to fashion; as, to model a house or a government; to model an edifice according to the plan delineated.