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genetics, chromosomal polymorphism is a condition where one species contains members with varying chromosome counts or shapes. Polymorphism is a general
Chromosomal_polymorphism
Photographic display of total chromosome complement in a cell
gametes and the rest of the body), between members of a population (chromosome polymorphism), in geographic specialization, and in mosaics or otherwise abnormal
Karyotype
Species of beetle
chromosomes (aneuploidy) and their structure (chromosomal polymorphism). The variability occurs as a result of chromosome fusions or disassociations. "Chilocorus
Chilocorus_stigma
Type of biological selective process
The polymorphism survives in almost all habitats, though the proportions of morphs varies considerably. The alleles controlling the polymorphism form
Balancing_selection
Human DNA groupings
to as Y-chromosomal Adam, is the most recent common ancestor from whom all currently living humans are descended patrilineally. Y-chromosomal Adam is
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup
polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different forms or phenotypes in a population of a species. Different types of polymorphism have
List_of_polymorphisms
Topics referred to by the same term
engineering Chromosomal polymorphism, a condition where one species contains members with varying chromosome counts or shapes Cell polymorphism, variability
Polymorphism
Species of mammal
S. antinorii. This is an example of chromosomal polymorphism (chromosomal variability as a result of chromosome fusions or disassociations). These karyotypes
Common_shrew
Patrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans
In human genetics, the Y-chromosomal Adam (more technically known as the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor, shortened to Y-MRCA), is the patrilineal
Y-chromosomal_Adam
Sex chromosome in the XY sex-determination system
(STR) Y linkage Y-chromosomal Aaron Y-chromosomal Adam Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world "Homo sapiens Y chromosome genes". CCDS Release
Y_chromosome
Species having two or more distinct forms
[citation needed] Since all polymorphism has a genetic basis, genetic polymorphism has a particular meaning: Genetic polymorphism is the simultaneous occurrence
Polymorphism_(biology)
Single nucleotide in genomic DNA at which different sequence alternatives exist
C1236T polymorphism changes a GGC codon to GGT at amino acid position 412 of the polypeptide (both encode glycine) and the C3435T polymorphism changes
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Single-nucleotide_polymorphism
Ethnic group
journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2026 (link) Human Chromosomal Polymorphism in a Hungarian Sample Hungarian genetics researches 2008–2009 (in
Hungarians
Chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed
within the same chromosomal arm, and the segment between the two breaks inserts itself in the opposite direction in the same chromosome arm. The breakpoints
Chromosomal_inversion
Number of sets of chromosomes of a cell
ruwenzoriensis, 12n=108) species. Over evolutionary time scales in which chromosomal polymorphisms accumulate, these changes become less apparent by karyotype –
Ploidy
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common among Native Americans
cn11-1963/q.2017.0067. Shan; et al. (September 2014). "Genetic polymorphism of 17 Y chromosomal STRs in Kazakh and Uighur populations from Xinjiang, China"
Haplogroup_Q-M242
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction
Chromosome
Family of mammals
rhinoceros has 84 chromosomes (diploid number, 2N, per cell), all other rhinoceros species have 82 chromosomes. Chromosomal polymorphism might lead to varying
Rhinoceros
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The unique-event polymorphism that defines this clade is the single-nucleotide polymorphism known as M184. T-M184
Haplogroup_T-M184
Type of chromosome
history from essential chromosomal DNA. The wheat-infecting fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici contains 8 dispensable B chromosomes, which is the largest
B_chromosome
Berezikov E, Schärer L, Rubtsov NB (2016). "Evidence for Karyotype Polymorphism in the Free-Living Flatworm, Macrostomum lignano, a Model Organism for
List of organisms by chromosome count
List_of_organisms_by_chromosome_count
12th-century tribal confederation of the Mongolian Plateau
Zhabagin, M. K. (2017). Analysis of the Relationship Between Y-Chromosome Polymorphism and Tribal Structure in the Kazakh Population (in Russian). Moscow:
Naimans
South Asian ethnolinguistic group
Partha P. Majumder (December 2001), "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and
Dravidian_peoples
Molecular biology technique
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences, known as polymorphisms, in order to distinguish
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
Restriction_fragment_length_polymorphism
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
L.; Hammer, M. F. (2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5):
Haplogroup_J_(Y-DNA)
Group of genes from one parent
each branch founded by a unique-event polymorphism mutation (often, but not always, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)). Each clade under a branch, containing
Haplotype
Single-nucleotide polymorphism Unique-event polymorphism Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups List of Y-STR markers Sequence information for 218 M series
List of Y-DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms
List_of_Y-DNA_single-nucleotide_polymorphisms
Type of paternal lineage
SL, Hammer MF (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5):
Haplogroup_R1b
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
PMC 4149484. PMID 25170956. Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC" (2002). "A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups". Genome
Haplogroup_R1a
Morehouse, Caroline B.; Short, Meghan E.; et al. (July 2008). "The chromosomal polymorphism linked to variation in social behavior in the white-throated sparrow
Alternative_mating_strategy
Genus of lemurs
subspecies of A. laniger, or that the species exhibits intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism. No species or subspecies other than the eastern woolly lemur have
Woolly_lemur
Kazakh clan of the Middle jüz
Mongolic or Turkic-speaking communities — is fully supported by Y-chromosome polymorphism data. Genetic studies of patrilineal lines show a strong affinity
Argyn
Parson, Walther (17 August 2012). "Frequency data for 17 Y-chromosomal STRs and 19 Y-chromosomal SNPs in the Tyrolean district of Reutte, Austria". Int J
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
Y-DNA_haplogroups_in_populations_of_Europe
Czech-American immunologist (1936–2023)
markers, primarily chromosomal polymorphism and t-haplotypes. The karyotype of the house mouse normally consists of 40 telocentric chromosomes, but in certain
Jan_Klein
DNA analysis of Gujarati populations
Inverted Y chromosome polymorphism in Gujarati Muslims of South Africa The pericentric inversion of the Y-chromosome (inv(Y)) is a rare chromosomal heteromorphism
Genetic studies on Gujarati people
Genetic_studies_on_Gujarati_people
Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
chromosome haplogroups Genetic Genealogy Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular Phylogeny Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosomal Aaron
Haplogroup_R1
Proposed language family
Partha P. Majumder (December 2001), "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and
Elamo-Dravidian_languages
Species of worm
Journal of Zoology 1999, 66:207-214. De Vries EJ, Baguñà J, Ball IR: Chromosomal polymorphism in planarians and the plate tectonics of the western Mediterranean
Schmidtea_mediterranea
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Haplogroup DE is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations, or UEPs, M1(YAP), M145(P205)
Haplogroup_DE
single-nucleotide polymorphism on the Y chromosome. Y-SNPs are often used in paternal genealogical DNA testing. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a change
Y-SNP
Species of fungus
M.; Cantoral, J. M.; Collado, I. G.; Rebordinos, L. (2004). "Chromosomal polymorphism in Botvytis cinerea strains". Hereditas. 124: 31–38. doi:10.1111/j
Botrytis_cinerea
Turkic ethnic group
research of population genetics, mainly of autosomal markers and Y-chromosome polymorphism, it is believed that during the 13th to 15th centuries that the
Kazakhs
Branch of genetics
characterized by an acquired chromosomal abnormality, whose prognostic value is crucial. The identification of these chromosomal abnormalities has led to
Cytogenetics
Ethnic group of far eastern Russia
expansion in the Nivkh gene pool based on data on autosomal SNP and Y chromosome polymorphism". Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 28 (6): 659–666. doi:10
Nivkh_people
Cross-referencing different names for Human Y chromosome DNA groupings
L.; Hammer, M. F. (2008), "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree", Genome Research, 18 (5):
Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
Conversion_table_for_Y_chromosome_haplogroups
Turkic ethnic group
Central Asian context (Y-chromosome polymorphism)". Zerjal T. et al|Title=A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central
Turkmens
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosomal Aaron Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups in
Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)
Ariella; Majumder, Partha P. (2001), "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and
List of R1a frequency by population
List_of_R1a_frequency_by_population
Turkic ethnic group of southern Moldova and southwestern Ukraine
Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data". PLOS ONE. 10 (9) e0135820. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035820K. doi:10
Gagauz_people
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Revealed by Y Chromosomes." PLoS ONE 6(8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282 Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. (2007). "Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups
Haplogroup_Q-M120
Ethnic group native to Norway
Olaisen, Bjørnar (1 December 2006). "Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway". Forensic Science International. 164 (1): 10–19.
Norwegians
Turkic ethnic group
Контексте Взаимодействия Генофондов Западной И Восточной Евразии [Y Chromosome Polymorphism In The Turkish-Speaking Population Of Altai, Sayan, Tien-Shan And
Kyrgyz_people
Group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders that affect Finns much more frequently
Sistonen P, Béres J, de Knijff P, Aula P, Sajantila A (1999). "Y chromosomal polymorphisms reveal founding lineages in the Finns and the Saami". European
Finnish_heritage_disease
Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (1998), High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and
History_of_Hinduism
Large chromosome with thousands of DNA strands
5 mm in length and 20 μm in diameter. The chromosomal strands are formed after repeated division of the chromosome in the absence of cytoplasmic division
Polytene_chromosome
Chromosomal system
The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river
ZW_sex-determination_system
Species of amphibian
Herpetology, vol. 17, no. 1, 2018, p. 39. Barth, Adriane, et al. "Chromosome Polymorphism in Phyllomedusa Rohdei Populations (Anura: Hylidae)." Journal of
Phyllomedusa_burmeisteri
Presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
cells in an individual, it is called chromosomal mosaicism. In general, individuals who are mosaic for a chromosomal aneuploidy tend to have a less severe
Aneuploidy
Geneticist team who work to standardize classification for human Y-DNA
The Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) was a collection of scientists who worked toward the understanding of human Y chromosomal phylogenetics and evolution
Y_Chromosome_Consortium
Species of deer
Rubes, Jiri; Duarte, José Maurício Barbanti (February 2021). "Chromosomal Polymorphism and Speciation: The Case of the Genus Mazama (Cetartiodactyla;
Amazonian_brown_brocket
Preferential transmission of alleles over others during meiosis
"Suppression of Sex-Ratio Meiotic Drive and the Maintenance of Y-Chromosome Polymorphism in Drosophila". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
Meiotic_drive
Biological field of study
PMID 30337554. Perera N, Galhena G, Ranawaka G (June 2021). "X-chromosomal STR based genetic polymorphisms and demographic history of Sri Lankan ethnicities and
Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia
Genetics_and_archaeogenetics_of_South_Asia
Matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans
hypothesis Timeline of evolution Timeline of human evolution Y-chromosomal Aaron Y-chromosomal Adam Women in prehistory "the synonymous mutation rate of Kivisild
Mitochondrial_Eve
Human mitochondrial DNA
and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570 Different
Haplogroup_J_(mtDNA)
Group of similar haplotypes
share a common ancestor identified by a particular single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation. More specifically, a haplotype is a set of closely linked
Haplogroup
Species of fungus
oxysporum f.sp. cubense were deduced from the high level of chromosomal polymorphisms found among strains, random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints
Fusarium_oxysporum
Historical semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group
millennium) history of the European Jews. Based on analysis of Y chromosomal polymorphisms, Hammer estimated that the rate might have been as high as 0.5%
Khazars
Language family
Partha P. Majumder (December 2001), "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and
Dravidian_languages
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic Altena
Haplogroup_I-M170
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Martínez-Cruz B, et al. (2012). "Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events". PLOS ONE. 7 (3) e34288. Bibcode:2012PLoSO
Haplogroup_H_(Y-DNA)
Species of amphibian
11646/zootaxa.2447.1.1. Birstein, V. J.; Mazin, A. L. (1982). "Chromosomal polymorphism of Bufo bufo: Karyotype and C-banding pattern of B. b. verrucosissima"
Common_toad
West Slavic ethnic group
Slav-German border (Limes Sorabicus) in the light of research into Y-chromosome polymorphism in contemporary and historical German populations". Geographia
Sorbs
Ethnic group
Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data". PLOS ONE. 10 (9) e0135820. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035820K. doi:10
Romani_people
Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Crimea
migrations in the gene pool of Crimean and Kazan Tatars: analysis of y-chromosome polymorphism Archived 2018-04-26 at the Wayback Machine Агджоян А. Т., Утевская
Crimean_Tatars
Ethnic group native to Sweden
needed] According to recent genetic analysis, both mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms showed a noticeable genetic affinity between Swedes and other Germanic
Swedes
Gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome
Restriction fragment length polymorphism) SSLP (or Simple sequence length polymorphism) AFLP (or Amplified fragment length polymorphism) AAD (or Arbitrarily
Genetic_marker
Military estate of East Slavic people
Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ" [ORIGIN OF THE MAIN GROUPS OF COSSACKS BASED ON Y-CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM]. researchgate.net (in Russian). Odesa National University Herald
Cossacks
One gene variant masking the effect of another in the other copy of the gene
versions in the population as a whole. This is called polymorphism, and is caused by mutations. Polymorphism can have an effect on the dominance relationship
Dominance_(genetics)
Species of grass
Boguslavsky, N. S. Badaev and A. V. Zelenin. 1988. Intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism of Triticum araraticum (Poaceae) detected by C-banding technique
Triticum_araraticum
Variant of DNA sequence at a locus
error Mendelian inheritance Mitosis Penetrance Polymorphism Punnett square Single-nucleotide polymorphism UK: /ˈæliːl, əˈliːl/; modern formation from Greek
Allele
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution
Gene_duplication
Immigration patterns of different lineages of people of India
Majumder PP (December 2001). "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from Central Asia and
Peopling_of_India
Ukrainian ethnic group
studies conducted on the Zaporozhian Cossack genetics show that their Y-chromosomal genetic makeup forms the southern fragment of East Slavic population
Zaporozhian_Cossacks
West Slavic ethnic group
differences between Kashubians from Poland and other Poles as far as Y chromosome polymorphism is regarded. When it comes to mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, according
Kashubians
Austroasiatic language branch of China
Weihua; Zou, Ju; Tang, Wenru; Guo, Yue; Xiao, Chunjie (2007). "Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms Define the Origin of the Mang, an Isolated Population in China"
Pakanic_languages
Y-chromosome haplogroup
PMID 19061982. De Filippo C, Barbieri C, Whitten M, et al. (March 2011). "Y-Chromosomal Variation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights into the History of Niger-Congo
Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country
Haplogroup_G_(Y-DNA)_by_country
Species of insect (fruit fly)
size) in Drosophila subobscura and its relationship with chromosomal inversion polymorphism". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 17 (4): 841–855. doi:10
Drosophila_subobscura
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Turkmens from Karakalpakstan in their Central Asian context (Y-chromosome polymorphism)". Underhill PA, Myres NM, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Zhivotovsky LA
Haplogroup_P_(Y-DNA)
Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia
Ariella; Majumder, Partha P. (2001). "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and
Indus_Valley_Civilisation
Partha P. Majumder (December 2001), "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and
Evolution_of_languages
People of Ethiopia
movements in northern/eastern Africa and western Eurasia: new clues from Y-chromosomal haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (6):
Ethiopians
German–Polish border since the end of World War II
Slav-German border (Limes Sorabicus) in the light of research into Y-chromosome polymorphism in contemporary and historical German populations". Geographia
Oder–Neisse_line
Species of fly
"Genetics of Natural Populations. XXVIII. Supplementary Data on the Chromosomal Polymorphism in Drosophila willistoni in its Relation to the Environment". Evolution
Drosophila_willistoni
Species of deer
Rubes, Jiri; Duarte, José Maurício Barbanti (February 2021). "Chromosomal Polymorphism and Speciation: The Case of the Genus Mazama (Cetartiodactyla;
Gray_brocket
Hypothesis on language affiliation
development was the discovery of specific Y-chromosomal markers linked to a language. These Y-chromosomal variants do not cause language change, but happened
Father_tongue_hypothesis
Study of genetics in natural populations
Ford E.B. 1940. Polymorphism and taxonomy. In Huxley J. The new systematics. Oxford University Press. Ford E.B. 1965. Genetic polymorphism. All Souls Studies
Ecological_genetics
The Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) is an open-access, annotated collection of population samples typed for Y chromosomal sequence variants
Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database
Y_Chromosome_Haplotype_Reference_Database
Laboratory process
AA, Daly PA, Zolnick MR, Clark AM (1978). "Twins and Q-banded chromosome polymorphisms". Hum Genet. 45 (3): 253–8. doi:10.1007/BF00278724. PMID 570167
Blood_group_genotyping
East Slavic ethnic group
Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data" Di Luca, F.; Giacomo, F.; Benincasa, T.; Popa, L.O.; Banyko, J
Ukrainians
Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri; et al. (24 December 2008). "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe"
Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
Y-DNA_haplogroups_by_ethnic_group
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
First; Victorious
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Full of Strength
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Hard as a Diamond
Boy/Male
Indian, Sindhi, Traditional
Prince; Leader
Girl/Female
Scottish American French English Italian
Manly.
Boy/Male
English
From the willow ford.
Boy/Male
Indian
Active; Inteligent
Boy/Male
English American
Son of Rand.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Creation, Construction, Arrangement
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
Son; Cool
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
CHROMOSOMAL POLYMORPHISM
n.
The coexistence among individuals of the same species of three distinct forms, not connected, as a rule, by intermediate gradations; the condition among individuals of the same species of having three different shapes or proportions of corresponding parts; -- contrasted with polymorphism, and dimorphism.
n.
Existence in many forms; polymorphism.
n.
A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
n.
Existence in many forms; the coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.
n.
Same as Pleomorphism.
n.
One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant of Weismann.
n.
The capability of assuming different forms; the capability of widely varying in form.