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Historical semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group
for the King of the Khazars. Although anachronistic in retrodating the Khazars to this period, the legend, by placing the Khazar khagan on a throne of
Khazars
Largely abandoned theory about Jewish descent
to the Khazars is meager and subject to conflicting interpretations. Speculation that Europe's Jewish population originated among the Khazars has persisted
Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry
Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry
Khazar king
their self-designation is unknown. Khazars Khazar Correspondence Yitzhak ha-Sangari Erdal, Marcel (2007). "The Khazar Language". In Golden, Peter B.; Ben-Shammai
Bulan_(Khazar)
Series of wars fought for control of the Caucasus
resulting from the Arab–Khazar conflict, since Alans from the North Caucasus were resettled there by the Khazars. The Khazars resumed their raids on Muslim
Arab–Khazar_wars
King of Khazaria
Joseph ben Aaron was king of the Khazars during the 950s and 960s. Joseph was the son of Aaron II, a Khazar ruler who defeated a Byzantine-inspired war
Joseph_(Khazar)
Series of conflicts between the Khazars and the Circassian peoples
wanting to pay tribute to Khazars and maintain their independence in North Caucasus. In the last quarter of the 7th century, the Khazars entered the North Caucasus
Khazar–Circassian_wars
History Of The Jewish Khazars. Princeton University Press. pp. 251–252. Dunlop, D. M. (1954). The History Of The Jewish Khazars. Princeton University
List_of_Khazar_rulers
Book by Milorad Pavić
said, 'We are all Khazars in the age of nuclear threat and poisoned environment.' A ballet adaption of the Dictionary of the Khazars was staged at Madlenianum
Dictionary_of_the_Khazars
10th-century diplomatic communiques
Cordoba, and Joseph Khagan of the Khazars. The correspondence is one of only a few documents attributed to a Khazar author, and potentially one of only
Khazar_Correspondence
played a major part. The Khazar Khaganate played a key role for the viking trade route in the 8th and 9th-centuries: the Khazars bought slaves captured
Khazar_slave_trade
Alleged founder of the Khazar Khaganate
according to a number of Russian sources the founder of the Khazar Khaganate. The Khazars traced their origin to the Turkic Ashina clan who also founded
Irbis_(Khazar)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Khazar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The Khazars were a semi-nomadic people who created an empire between the late 7th and 10th centuries
Khazar_(disambiguation)
Extinct Turkic language spoken by Khazars
Khazar, also known as Khazaric, was a Turkic dialect group spoken by the Khazars, a group of semi-nomadic Turkic peoples originating from Central Asia
Khazar_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Khazar myth may refer to: Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry Antisemitic theories associated with Khazars Khazar hypothesis of Cossack ancestry An
Khazar_myth_(disambiguation)
Khagan
hypothesized that the Khazars reorganized themselves after 969 in Crimea and the Taman peninsula. Graetz further maintained that the Khazar Jewish representatives
David_(Khazar)
Khagan of Khazaria
alive when Bulanids attempted to impose Judaism on Khazars. Bihar was the father of Tzitzak, the Khazar princess who married the son of Byzantine Emperor
Bihar_(Khazar)
King of Khazaria
his son Hezekiah. Dunlop, Douglas M. (1954). The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton University Press. p. 144. Brook, Kevin Alan (2018). The Jews
Obadiah_(Khazar)
Name for the Caspian and, earlier, the Black Sea
Sea of the Khazars is the name of the Caspian Sea in Arabic (Arabic: بحر الخزر — Bahr al-Khazar), Persian (Persian: دریای خزر — Daryā-ye Khazar), Turkish
Sea_of_the_Khazars
King of Khazaria
Zachariah, or Zacharias, was a Khagan of the Khazars who was reported in the account of St. Cyril. The start and end dates of his reign are unknown but
Zachariah_(Khazar)
King of Khazaria
Littlefield. Dunlop, Douglas M. (1954). The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Bibliography of Khazar Studies
Benjamin_(Khazar)
c. 880–1240 East Slavic state in Europe
conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated trade from the Volga-Don steppes to
Kievan_Rus'
Serbian writer, literary historian and university professor
during his lifetime, the most famous of which was the Dictionary of the Khazars (1984). Upon its release, it was hailed as "the first novel of the 21st
Milorad_Pavić
King of Khazaria
Khazars, although the latter is more likely. Hezekiah was succeeded by his son Menasseh I. Zuckerman, Constantine (1995). "On the date of the Khazars'
Hezekiah_(Khazar)
Country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia
to the Khazars. Rurik's son Igor and Igor's son Sviatoslav subsequently subdued all local East Slavic tribes to Kievan rule, destroyed the Khazar state
Russia
964–965 Kievan Rus conquest
Khaganate and the largest cities of the Khazars have been looted. But it is noted that the centers of the Khazar state remained until the 11th century.
Rus' conquest of Khazar Khaganate
Rus'_conquest_of_Khazar_Khaganate
Ruined fortress in Russia
the Khazars as long as they paid tribute to the khagan. Constantine Porphyrogenitus records in his work De Administrando Imperio that the Khazars asked
Sarkel
Azerbaijani chess player (born 2005)
Khazar Babazada (Azerbaijani: Xəzər Babazadə) is an Azerbaijani chess player, international master (since 2022). According to the March 2023 ranking, he
Khazar_Babazada
Raion in Baku, Azerbaijan
district also includes 642 Karabakh War veterans and 1 National Hero. Khazars "Rayonun Deputatları | Azərbaycan Respublikası Bakı Şəhəri Xəzər Rayon
Khazar_raion
The exact history of the term is uncertain, but possibly refers to the Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry. Twinkie: United States European Americans
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Military raids from 9th to 11th centuries
the country of the Khazars. In order to secure a peaceful passage through the land of the Khazars, the Rus' promised the Khazars half of their spoils
Caspian expeditions of the Rus'
Caspian_expeditions_of_the_Rus'
Capital of Khazaria from 750 CE
History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton University Press. pp. 245–246, 248. Dunlop, Douglas M. (1954). The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton University
Atil
1976 book by Arthur Koestler
of antiquity, but from Khazars, a Turkic people who allegedly mass-converted to Judaism. Koestler hypothesized that the Khazars after their conversion
The_Thirteenth_Tribe
discussion. Lists of Khazar cities are already contained in the Arab-Persian geographical literature contemporary to the Khazars. The oldest is found
List_of_Khazar_cities
City
the historical location of the headquarters of the Khazar Khagan during the period of the Arab–Khazar wars in the 8th century. In 737, Al-Bayda was the
Al-Bayda_(Khazar_city)
King of Khazaria
Publishers. p. 666. Zuckerman, Constantine (1995). "On the date of the Khazars' Conversion to Judaism and the Chronology of the Kings of the Rus' Oleg
Hanukkah_(Khazar)
Anonymous Khazar letter
Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism". The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives - Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium.
Schechter_Letter
married to the Khazar ruler Sabriel. She encouraged her husband to convert to Judaism and he did so. Serach is not mentioned in the Khazar Correspondence
Serach_(Khazar)
Ongoing conflict since 2014
Kingdom Empire of Trebizond Principality of Theodoro Crimean Goths Akatziri Khazars Kipchaks Genoese Gazaria Genoese–Mongol Wars Crimean Khanate Crimean campaigns
Russo-Ukrainian_war
Antisemitic conspiracy theory invoking the medieval Khazars
clandestine cabal of "fake" Jews – supposedly descended from the medieval Khazars – controls global finance, media, and politics. The phrase has circulated
Khazarian_Mafia
Khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate (618–628)
of the Khazars, the westernmost of the tribes owing allegiance to the Western Göktürks; this branch of the family may have provided the khazars with their
Tong_Yabghu
Khagan of Khazaria
25,000. The Khazars, commanded by Barjik khagan, reportedly numbered 40,000. The Arabs were victorious, losing 4,000 men to the Khazars' 7,000. Advancing
Barjik
Byzantine empress from 741 to 750
Empire. Harper. 1894-01-01. p. 407. Erdal, Marcel, "The Khazar Language" in The World of the Khazars. Brill, 2007. p. 80, n. 22 "Irene, wife of Constantine
Tzitzak
King of Khazaria
Jewish Turkic ruler of the Khazars mentioned in the Khazar Correspondence but not mentioned in Judah ben Barzillai's Khazar king list in Sefer ha-Ittim
Zebulun_(Khazar)
Oghuz Turkic dynasty
Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks
Seljuk_dynasty
Historical expansion of Turkic tribes and languages
and to pay an annual tribute. The origin of the Khazars is unclear. According to Al-Masudi, the Khazars were called Sabirs in Turkic. Dunlop (1954) suggests
Turkic_migration
Prince of Kiev from 945 to 972
For more information on these and other references, see Khazars#Late references to the Khazars. Christian 298. Most historians believe the Greeks were
Sviatoslav_I
Israeli historian (1910–1970)
1941 Polak published the article "The Khazars' Conversion to Judaism". Up until then, the culture of the Khazars was outside the scope of Polak's research
Abraham_Polak
American historian of Central Asia (born 1941)
Russian Steppe. Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing. Golden, Peter (2005). Хазары, евреи и славяне [Khazars, Jews and Slavey] (in
Peter_Benjamin_Golden
632–668 nomadic empire in Eastern Europe
Bulgaria disintegrated under Khazar pressure in 668. Some Bulgars remained in the former Onoguria, under the domination of the Khazars. Some[who?] also believe
Old_Great_Bulgaria
Azerbaijani diplomat (born 1978)
Khazar Ibrahim (Azerbaijani: Xəzər İbrahim, born May 30, 1978, in Azerbaijan) is the appointed ambassador of Azerbaijan to the United States. Khazar Ibrahim
Khazar_Ibrahim
King of Khazaria
Isaac was a Jewish ruler of the Khazars mentioned in the Khazar Correspondence. He probably reigned in the mid to late ninth century CE. Little is known
Isaac_(Khazar)
Umayyad caliph from 720 to 724
routed by the Khazars in Armenia, south of the Caucasus. The defeat marked the culmination of the Caliphate's winter campaign against the Khazars and resulted
Yazid_II
Part of 8th century in Byzantine Chersonesus
first came into close contact with the Khazars during its war against Sasanian Iran in 626–630 AD. The Khazars then provided the Byzantines with valuable
Khazar Protectorate over Cherson
Khazar_Protectorate_over_Cherson
Country in Southeastern and Central Europe
Transylvania. The Gesta also listed many peoples—Slavs, Bulgarians, Vlachs, Khazars, and Székelys—inhabiting the same regions. The reliability of the Gesta
Romania
Football club in Azerbaijan (2004–2016)
Khazar Lankaran FK (Azerbaijani: Xəzər Lənkəran Futbol Klubu) was an Azerbaijani football club based in Lankaran that last played in the Azerbaijan Premier
Khazar_Lankaran_FK
Topics referred to by the same term
Khazar or Khezer (Persian: خزر), in Iran, may refer to: Khazar 1 Khazar 2 Khazar 3 This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical
Khazar,_Iran
Jewish ethno-religious group in Crimea
population at large. During the period of Khazar rule, some degree of intermarriage between Crimean Jews and Khazars could have occurred, but suggestions that
Krymchaks
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
Biblical "Ashkenaz" with northern Asia Minor and specifically with the Khazars, an argument disputed by his contemporary Jacob Mann. Conforming to the
Ashkenazi_Jews
Byzantine emperor from 775 to 780
Leo IV the Khazar (Greek: Λέων ὁ Χάζαρος, romanized: Léōn ō Khazaros; 25 January 750 – 8 September 780) was Byzantine emperor from 775 to 780 AD. He was
Leo_IV_the_Khazar
10th-century Arab traveller and ethnographer
He also notably described the lifestyle of the Oghuz Turks while the Khazars, Cumans, and Pechenegs were still around. Ibn Fadlan's detailed writings
Ahmad_ibn_Fadlan
Country in Southeastern and Central Europe
critically acclaimed and internationally recognized. His Dictionary of the Khazars is widely regarded as one of the defining works of postmodern literature
Serbia
Polish footballer (born 1988)
substitute in the first qualifying first leg match of the UEFA Cup versus Khazar Lankaran from Azerbaijan, in which he scored the only goal of the evening
Robert_Lewandowski
14th-century Nakh kingdom
Demonym Chechen-Ingush Government Kingdom • Gayur-khan King Preceded by Succeeded by Alania Durdzuketia Khazars Principality of Okotskaya Tarki Shamkhalate
Simsim
King of Khazaria
Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2006. Douglas M. Dunlop, The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954. Norman Golb and Omeljan
Menahem_(Khazar)
Khagan Bek is the title used by the bek (generalissimo) of the Khazars. Khazar kingship was divided between the Khagan and the Bek or Khagan Bek. Contemporary
Khagan_Bek
737 Umayyad victory over the Khazars
M (1954), The history of the Jewish Khazars.[1] Artamonov, M. I. (1962). История хазар [History of the Khazars]. Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994), The
Battle_of_Volga_River
Early medieval Khazar fortification
was an early medieval Khazar fortification situated near the city of Semikarakorsk (Rostov Oblast, Russia). An early medieval Khazar fortress in Rostov Oblast
Semikarakorsk_Fortress
730 battle of the Second Arab-Khazar War
back again in 729. In the year 730, the Khazars launched their counterattack against the Umayyads. The Khazars numbered 30,000 men under the command of
Battle_of_Marj_Ardabil
5th-7th–century nomadic ethnic group north of the Caucasus
similar names: Qazar, Qazaq, Yazar, and Qačar. Al-Masudi recorded that the Khazars were named as such in Persian, while in Turkic it is Sabir, implying the
Sabir_people
Khazar warlord
Dunlop. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954. Thomas S. Noonan. "The Khazar-Byzantine World of the Crimea
Georgius_Tzul
Ukrainian ethnic group
and Khazars. The role of these tribes in the ethnogenesis of the Cossacks is disputed, although later Cossack sources claimed a Slavicised Khazar ancestry
Zaporozhian_Cossacks
Umayyad caliph from 724 to 743
Arminiya but he was slain and his troops were annihilated by the Khazars in 730. The Khazars then sacked Ardabil, the capital of Adharbayjan and the chief
Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik
Ethnoreligious group
theories and identify as descendants of the Khazars. Some specialists in Khazar history question the Khazar theory of Karaim origins, noting the following:
Crimean_Karaites
King of Khazaria
Menasseh or Nisi ben Moses was a Jewish Turkic ruler of the Khazars mentioned in the Khazar Correspondence. He probably reigned in the mid to late 9th
Nisi_(Khazar)
Shaddadid emir from 985 to 1031
led an expedition against the Khazars around 1030. The Khazars reportedly killed 10,000 of his soldiers. Since the Khazar Khaganate had been destroyed
Fadl_ibn_Muhammad
7th century war in Transcaucasia
saw the accurate and strong Khazar archers, whose arrows rained down upon them like heavy hailstones, and how they Khazars, like ravenous wolves that had
Perso-Turkic_war_of_627–629
Stalled artificial islands in Azerbaijan
The Khazar Islands (Azerbaijani: Xəzər adaları), also known as Caspian Islands, is a stalled development of artificial islands 25 km (16 mi) south of Baku
Khazar_Islands
9th-century Khazar rebels who joined the Magyars and Rus'
Golden, Peter B. The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives, p. 33, 150. Brill, 2007. Golden, Peter B. (1980). Khazar Studies: An Historico-Philological
Kabar
Sheleg minted in Kabir, Khazar Khaganate since ca 5th c AD
Yarmaq was name for Khazar Khaganate currency. The term for silver coin was sheleg (it might have direct connection to the term shekel. The currency was
Khazar_coinage
State in North Caucasus, 9th-13th centuries
Caucasus fell under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate. They remained staunch allies of the Khazars in the 9th century, supporting them against
Alania
Ethnic group
Khazar Khanate, there was a Khazar settlement in the village of Tarki near Makhachkala. Many Khazar scholars believe that the capital of the Khazar Khanate
History of the Jews in Makhachkala
History_of_the_Jews_in_Makhachkala
Jewish noble banking family
argue that there is a vast conspiracy by the "Rothschild family" or the "Khazars" or some other entity... David Norman Smith (2013). "Anti-Semitism". In
Rothschild_family
Capital and largest city of Azerbaijan
during the 8th century AD. The city frequently came under assault from the Khazars and (starting from the 10th century) from the Rus'. Akhsitan I built a
Baku
Biblical figure
Tarna (cf. a Tarniach people who fled to the Avars from the Turks) Khazar (Khazars) Zanor (or Janur) (cf. a Zabender people who fled to the Avars from
Togarmah
First known Hungarian chieftain (9th century)
after the Khazars defeated the Pechenegs and forced them to resettle in the land of the Hungarians, whom they defeated and split in two, the Khazars picked
Levedi
Pars Khazar is an Iranian small appliance manufacturer in Rasht. The company was founded in November 1982.[citation needed] Historically a major producer
Pars_Khazar
University in Baku, Azerbaijan
Khazar University (Azerbaijani: Xəzər Universiteti, which directly translates as Caspian University) is a private university located in Baku, Azerbaijan
Khazar_University
Ruler of Chuni, 680s CE
Dunlop. The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954. Peter B. Golden. Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological
Alp_Iluetuer
Azerbaijani football club
Khazar Baku FK (Azerbaijani: Xəzər Futbol Klubu) is an Azerbaijani football club based in Khazar raion, Baku. The club was founded in 2017 and participates
Khazar_Baku_FK
c. 930 CE Hebrew-language letter; first mention of Kyiv (Kiev)
being connected to the Khazars. Ligeti, as elaborated by Prieto and Outhwaite, notes that Turkic rune usage by Kyivan Khazars is unlikely, and not exclusive
Kievan_Letter
Hungarian leader from c. 850 to c. 895
he accepted the Khazar khagan's suzerainty in the first decade of his reign, but the Hungarians acted independently of the Khazars from around 860. The
Álmos
Ruler of Bulgars
from 667 to 690 CE. Theophanes and Nicephorus record his rule after the Khazars defeated the Bulgars and Old Great Bulgaria disintegrated in 668 CE. There
Batbayan
Dynasty of rulers in Arabia
the East European grasslands in 583. Kotzarig's subjects became known as Khazars. His brother Bulgarios with 10,000 men acquired Dacia from Maurice (emperor)
Kazarig
History of the Turkic peoples
626–627: Eastern Roman Emperor Heraclius' request for help from the Khazars, the Khazars' invasion of the Caucasus by defeating the Sassanids after the Sassanids
Turkic_history
Twenty-three early medieval gold vessels found in what is now Romania
re-exported by the Khazars, as middlemen; others were imitations made in Khazar workshops, ruins of which have been found near the ancient Khazar fortress of
Treasure_of_Nagyszentmiklós
Battle in 652 AD
Shahrbaraz. Based at Derbent, Abd al-Rahman led frequent raids against the Khazars over the following years, but these were small-scale affairs, and no event
Battle_of_Balanjar_(652)
Genoese colony in the Black sea
Crimean peninsula. The name Gazaria derives from Khazaria, though the Khazars had ceased to rule over the area well before the Genoese arrived. The political
Genoese_Gazaria
French philosopher and orientalist (1823–1892)
among the first scholars to advance the Khazar theory, which held that Ashkenazi Jews were descendants of the Khazars, Turkic peoples who had adopted the
Ernest_Renan
Football club
FK Khazar Sumgayit (Azerbaijani: Xəzər Futbol Klubu) was an Azerbaijani football club. Founded in 1960, under the name of Metallurq, the club during its
FK_Khazar_Sumgayit
9th-century Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries
to the Khazars, but this may be a later invention. The account of his life presented in the Latin "Legenda" claims that he learned the Khazar language
Cyril_and_Methodius
travel, tourism, insurance
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