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See searches and references containing DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES!DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
Language family
The Dravidian languages are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, primarily in South India, but also in parts of North India, Bangladesh
Dravidian_languages
Proposed language family
Elam (present-day southwestern Iran and southeastern Iraq) to the Dravidian languages of South Asia. Later versions (2015–) of the hypothesis entail a
Elamo-Dravidian_languages
South Asian ethnolinguistic group
The Dravidian peoples, Dravidian-speakers or Dravidians, are a collection of ethnolinguistic groups native to South Asia who speak Dravidian languages. There
Dravidian_peoples
Reconstructed common ancestor of the Dravidian languages
Proto-Dravidian is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Dravidian languages native to the Indian subcontinent. It is thought to
Proto-Dravidian_language
Southern Dravidian language branch
Dravidian (also called "South Dravidian I") is one of the four major branches of the Dravidian languages family. It includes the literary languages Tamil
South_Dravidian_languages
Branch of the Dravidian language family
The North Dravidian languages are a branch of the Dravidian languages that includes Brahui, Kurukh and Malto. Northern Dravidian is characterized by the
North_Dravidian_languages
Dravidian language
member of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is one of the few languages that has primary
Telugu_language
Dravidian language of Tulu Nadu region
the family of Dravidian languages. It was the first branch to split from Proto-South Dravidian, which in turn descends from Proto-Dravidian. Tulu shares
Tulu_language
directly or ultimately from Dravidian languages. While the origin of some of the words can be traced to specific languages, others have disputed or uncertain
List of English words of Dravidian origin
List_of_English_words_of_Dravidian_origin
Hypothetical ancestor of the South Dravidian languages
Proto–South Dravidian is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the southern Dravidian languages native to southern India. Its descendants
Proto–South Dravidian language
Proto–South_Dravidian_language
Language family of northern Eurasia
The Uralic languages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/ yoor-AL-ik), sometimes called the Uralian languages (/jʊəˈreɪliən/ yoor-AY-lee-ən), are a language family native to
Uralic_languages
Dravidian language
the Dravidian languages, a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent. It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family
Tamil_language
Languages of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages
Languages_of_India
India, the native languages of the Indian subcontinent have been divided into various language families, of which Indo-Aryan and Dravidian are the most widely
Linguistic_history_of_India
Dravidian folk religion refers to the indigenous traditions and cultural practices of the Dravidian languages speaking people in the India and Indian
Dravidian_folk_religion
Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Japonic, Dravidian, Indo-European, Afroasiatic, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan, Kra–Dai and Koreanic. Many languages of Asia, such as Chinese,
Languages_of_Asia
are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Tibeto-Burman, 10 Indo-Aryan, 7 Austroasiatic and 2 Dravidian languages in Bangladesh. Bangladesh
Languages_of_Bangladesh
Indian political ideology
and 1950s. Dravidian Nationalism was thus based on three ideologies: dismantling of Brahmin hegemony; revitalization of the Dravidian languages (that include
Dravidian_nationalism
Academic study of Dravidian culture
Dravidian studies (also Dravidology, Dravidiology) is the academic field devoted to the Dravidian languages, literature, and culture. It is a superset
Dravidian_studies
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up dravidian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Dravidian, Dravidan, or Dravida may refer to: Dravidian languages, a family of languages spoken mainly
Dravidian
Form of Tamil used from 300 BCE to 700 CE
Tamil preserves many features of Proto-Dravidian, the reconstructed common ancestor of the Dravidian languages, including the inventory of consonants
Old_Tamil
term Indic languages is also used to refer to these languages, though it may be narrowed to refer only to Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages. The subcontinent
Languages_of_South_Asia
Dravidian language spoken in Pakistan
Balochistan, Pakistan. It is geographically isolated from other Dravidian languages, with the nearest being over 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) away in South
Brahvi_language
Language of the Bronze Age civilization of the Indus Valley
this unknown language: A prevalent hypothesis places it within or near the Dravidian languages, perhaps identical with Proto-Dravidian itself. Proposed
Harappan_language
Language of India
South-Central Dravidian languages are believed to have diverged from the Southern branch of Proto-Dravidian several centuries BCE. South-Central Dravidian and South
Konda_language_(Dravidian)
Indian subcontinent during Indo-Aryan migrations, including the Dravidian languages. Scholars have claimed to identify a substantial body of loanwords
Substratum_in_Vedic_Sanskrit
Political parties in Tamil Nadu, India
and Western Indian languages are classified as Indo-Aryan, whereas the South Indian languages are classified as Dravidian. Dravidian politics has developed
Dravidian_parties
Dravidian language of eastern India
closely related language to Kurukh is Malto; together with Brahui, all three languages form the North Dravidian branch of the Dravidian language family. It
Kurukh_language
Languages of Eurasia before the arrival of Indo-European languages
language Vedda language Burushaski language Dravidian languages Munda languages Nihali language Tibeto-Burman languages Substrates to early undifferentiated
Pre-Indo-European_languages
Dravidian ethnic group in Pakistan
Dravidian languages only exist further south in India has led to two hypotheses — either the Brahvis are a relict population of Dravidians remaining from
Brahui_people
Dravidian languages spoken in South India
Commissioner, India". Michail Andronov, 2003. A comparative grammar of the Dravidian languages Mallikarjuna Swamy, S. (1990). A descriptive study of Aadikarnataka
Kannadoid_languages
biblical and post-biblical words originating from Old Tamil or the Dravidian languages in general, a number of them have competing etymologies, and some
Tamil_loanwords_in_Hebrew
Abandoned language family proposal
proposal linking the Dravidian languages to Korean and (in some versions) to Japanese. A genetic link between the Dravidian languages and Korean was first
Dravido-Korean_languages
Native Tamil name for Sri Lanka
īḻam is a characteristic phoneme for Dravidian languages that is now retained only in the closely related languages Tamil and Malayalam. Conventionally
Eelam
Extinct language of the ancient Elamites of Iran
cuneiform script. An Elamo-Dravidian family connecting Elamite with the Brahui language of Pakistan and Dravidian languages of India was suggested in 1967
Elamite_language
Malayalam language group
The Malayalamoid languages, also known as the Malayalam languages, are the group of Dravidian languages and dialects most closely related to Malayalam
Malayalamoid_languages
Indo-Aryan language of India
"grandfather" or "elder brother" borrowed from Dravidian languages Undir: "rat" borrowed from Munda languages A lot of English words are commonly used in
Marathi_language
Symbols of the Indus Valley Civilisation
argue that the Indus script recorded an early form of the Dravidian languages (Proto-Dravidian). Early proponents included the archaeologist Henry Heras
Indus_script
schools offer these non-Dravidian languages. Thus, students will attend their respective language classes at designated language centres, held by the Board
Languages_of_Singapore
Dravidian language spoken in southern India
kurumɐ]), refers to a group of languages within the Southern Dravidian branch of the Dravidian language family These languages are spoken by the Kurumba communities
Kurumba_languages
University in Andhra Pradesh, India
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala for an integrated development of Dravidian languages and culture. It was the brainchild of former Chief Minister N. T
Dravidian_University
the Dravidian languages spoken by 20% of Indians. Other languages belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families
Bible translations into the languages of India
Bible_translations_into_the_languages_of_India
Dravidian language spoken in India
Coorgi) is a Dravidian language spoken in Kodagu district (Coorg) in Southern Karnataka, India. It is an endangered language. The language has two dialects:
Kodava_language
Language spoken in India
any other surrounding language families of South Asia, such as Munda, Indo-Aryan, and Dravidian languages, nor to other language isolates like Burushaski
Nihali_language
Topics referred to by the same term
subcontinent Languages of the Indian subcontinent, all the indigenous languages of the region regardless of language family, including: Dravidian languages Munda
Indic_languages
Proposed superfamily of Eurasian and African languages
Ural-Altaic family, as well as the Afroasiatic languages and the hypothetical Elamo-Dravidian languages. The Nostratic hypothesis originated with Holger
Nostratic_languages
Feature of language
Basque Burushaski Cherokee Cushitic languages (Afar, Beja, Bilen, Oromo, Saho, Sidama, Somali) Dakota Dravidian languages (Brahvi, Duruwa, Gondi, Kannada
Subject–object–verb word order
Subject–object–verb_word_order
Dravidian language of India
Cholanaikkan (IPA: [t͡ʃoːlɐnaːjkːɐn]) is a Southern Dravidian language spoken by the Cholanaikkan people in the hilly forests of the Nilambur Valley of
Cholanaikkan_language
Indo-Aryan language of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, not considering the aboriginal Vedda languages, was that which occurred between South Dravidian and Sinhala. It seems plausible to assume prolonged
Sinhala_language
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of the early
Indo-Aryan_languages
Dravidian language of Nilgiri Hills, India
vowels of other Tamil-Toda languages. Toda language has sixteen vowels, an unusually large number for a Dravidian language. There are eight vowel qualities
Toda_language
Dravidian language group
The Tamiloid languages, also known as the Tamil languages, are the group of Dravidian languages most closely related to Tamil. In addition to Tamil itself
Tamiloid_languages
Obsolete language-family proposal
added the Dravidian languages to this grouping on the basis of similarities in grammatical structure, postulating that the Scythian languages had once
Turanian_languages
Dravidian language spoken in India
pre-Dravidian speech. That then became the basis of the language, which must have subsequently been in close contact with the other tribal languages of
Irula_language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
Purana. The grammatical influence of the Dravidian languages on the structure and syntax of Indo-Aryan languages is difficult to fathom. Some linguists
Konkani_language
Indian linguist (1928–2012)
1928 – 11 August 2012) was an Indian linguist who specialised in Dravidian languages. He was born in Ongole in the Madras Presidency of British India
Bhadriraju_Krishnamurti
Species of grass
Janochloa antidotalis (Punjabi: ਘਮੂਰ ghamur, English: blue panicgrass, synonym Panicum antidotale) is a species of grass. it is the sole species in genus
Janochloa
Dravidian language
Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge Language Surveys, Cambridge University Press, pp. 26–27, ISBN 0521299446 Steever, Sanford B. (2015). The Dravidian Languages. Routledge
Malto_language
Language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with other languages
Elamite. In The Ancient Languages of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Aksum. pp. 47–50. David McAlpin, "Toward Proto-Elamo-Dravidian", Language vol. 50 no. 1 (1974);
Language_isolate
Dravidian language
15919 standard. Malayalam (മലയാളം, Malayāḷam, [mɐlɐjaːɭɐm] ) is a Dravidian language, primarily spoken by the Malayali people, native to the Indian state
Malayalam
Malayali people living outside India
Gulf diaspora Malaysian Malayali Malayali Americans Malayali Australians Dravidians Tamil diaspora Telugu diaspora Peter, Benoy; Sanghvi, Shachi; Narendran
Malayali_diaspora
Type of synthetic language
Korean, Dravidian languages (e.g., Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Brahui) and Swahili. Despite occasional outliers, agglutinative languages tend to
Agglutinative_language
British civil servant
the Dravidian languages as a separate language family. Robert Caldwell, who is often credited as the first scholar to propose a separate language family
Francis_Whyte_Ellis
plateau with Central Asia. Similarly, Nuristani languages, Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages are spoken sparsely at some regions where the plateau
Languages_of_Afghanistan
D.N.S. (2015) [1998]. "Tulu". In Steever, Sanford B. (ed.). The Dravidian Languages. Routledge. pp. 158–177. ISBN 978-1-136-91164-4. Conti Rossini, Carlo
List of languages by first written account
List_of_languages_by_first_written_account
Dravidian language spoken in India
structure of this language is comparable to other similar languages such as Kui which all fall under the classification of a Dravidian language. According to
Kuvi_language
South-Central Dravidian language of India
Krishnamurti (2003). The Dravidian languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 25. "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues
Koya_language
Dravidian language
Kannada (Kannada: [ˈkənːəɖa] ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of
Kannada
Dravidian language spoken in India
them as different languages. Koraga is a member of the Dravidian family of languages. It is further classified into the Southern Dravidian family. Koraga
Koraga_language
Dravidian language spoken in India
Koitur (Kōī, Kōītōr, IPA: [koː.iː, koː.iː.t̪oːr]), is a South-Central Dravidian language, spoken by about three million Gondi people, chiefly in the Indian
Gondi_language
of Dravidian languages are represented by Kurux, and the Munda languages of the Austroasiatic family by Santali and Mundari. The indigenous languages of
Languages_of_Nepal
Rulers of the Pandya dynasty (1422–1618)
N.; Vān̲amāmalai, Nā (1981). Interpretation of Tamil Folk Creations. Dravidian Linguistics Association. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016.
Tenkasi_Pandyas
Languages spoken in Bihar (India)
Tharu; the Dravidian languages Kurukh (84,000 speakers in 2011), Kulehiya/Malto (76,000) and Mal Paharia, as well as the Austroasiatic languages Santali
Languages_of_Bihar
Architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture
Dravidian architecture, or the Southern Indian temple style, is an architectural style in Hindu temple architecture that emerged from Southern India,
Dravidian_architecture
is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages. Kayla Qwara
List of Jewish diaspora languages
List_of_Jewish_diaspora_languages
Austroasiatic languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent
The Munda languages are a group of closely-related languages spoken by about eleven million people in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Historically, they have
Munda_languages
Linguist and Dravidologist (1939–2016)
for his work on the comparative and historical linguistics of the Dravidian languages. He also wrote about the Sanskrit grammatical tradition (vyākaraṇa)
P._S._Subrahmanyam
Dravidian ethnic group
spelt Malayalees and sometimes known by the demonym Keralites) are a Dravidian ethnic group native to the southern Indian state of Kerala and the union
Malayalis
Indo-Aryan language native to the Maldives
sound system of Maldivian is similar to that of Dravidian languages. Like other modern Indo-Aryan languages the Maldivian phonemic inventory shows an opposition
Maldivian_language
hundred languages. Most Indians speak a language belonging to the families of the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European (c. 77%), the Dravidian (c. 20.61%)
List of languages by number of native speakers in India
List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India
Ancient Indo-Aryan language of South Asia
classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused
Sanskrit
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
of the surrounding Dravidian languages, Saurashtra is Indo-Aryan. There is some debate amongst speakers of the Saurashtra language as to which script
Saurashtra_language
It includes words from Australian Aboriginal languages, Balti, Berber, Caló, Czech, Dravidian languages, Egyptian, Greek, Hungarian, Ligurian, Mongolian
List of Spanish words of various origins
List_of_Spanish_words_of_various_origins
Southern Dravidian language of India
Malasar (Malayar, IPA: [mɐlɐsɐr, mɐlɐjɐr]) is a Southern Dravidian language spoken by a Scheduled tribe of India. It is close to Eravallan. Malasar at
Malasar_language
Dravidian language spoken in Eastern India
Kanda, Kodu(lu) (Kōdu), Kuinga (Kūinga), Kuy) is a South-Central Dravidian language spoken by the Kandhas, eastern Indian state of Odisha. It is mostly
Kui_language_(India)
Term for space or æther
spiritualism in the late 19th century CE. In many modern Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages the corresponding word retains a generic meaning of "aether"
Akasha
Dravidian language of South India
Kulavatha, is a Dravidian language mainly spoken by the Yerukala tribe. Yerukala is linguistically close to South Dravidian languages such as Ravula and
Yerukala_language
Organisation
under the Government of Karnataka which preserves and promotes the Kodava language, literature and culture. The Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy was founded
Kodava_Sahitya_Academy
Immigration patterns of different lineages of people of India
the dispersal of Dravidian and Indo-European languages in southern Asia. It is hypothesized that the proto-Elamo-Dravidian language, most likely originated
Peopling_of_India
The language families of Africa Map of the Austronesian languages Map of major Dravidian languages Distribution of the Indo-European language family
List_of_language_families
Indigenous languages of Australia
Aboriginal languages are those languages spoken by Australian Aboriginal people. There are more than 250 distinct languages. Australian languages have historically
Australian Aboriginal languages
Australian_Aboriginal_languages
Telugu dialect spoken in South Asia
200,000 people reported their languages as 'Vadari' in the 2011 census. Ethnologue treats it as separate Dravidian language closely related to Telugu, but
Waddar_language
Region in India
of the people in South India speak at least one of the four major Dravidian languages: Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. During its history, a number
South_India
Sanskrit term for time
Indian languages, samayam, or samay in Indo-Aryan languages, is a unit of time. In contemporary usage, samayam means time in Dravidian languages such as
Samayā
Central Dravidian language spoken in India
26. Krishnamurti (2003), pp. 85, 87 Krishnamurti, B. (2003), The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-43533-8 ISBN 0-521-77111-0
Ollari_language
In linguistics, a commonly seen sequence of sounds meaning "mother" and "father"
Very few languages lack labial consonants (this mostly being attested on a family basis, in the Iroquoian and some of the Athabaskan languages), and only
Mama_and_papa
Dravidian language spoken in India
Krishnamurti (2003). The Dravidian languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 25. ISBN 9780521771115. "First book on Madiya language released in city". 9 July
Madiya_language
Central Dravidian language of India
tribal Central Dravidian language spoken in Maharashtra and Telangana states of India. It falls under the Kolami–Naiki group of languages. It is the most
Kolami
Dravidian language of Kerala and Tamil Nadu
the Dravidian languages, close to Malayalam, with some viewing it as an independent language and others as a dialect of Malayalam. The language is critically
Kadar_language
Canadian-American linguist (1904–2005)
known, non-literary languages of the Dravidian family. His work on the Toda language remains essential reading for students of Dravidian. His phonetic descriptions
Murray_Barnson_Emeneau
travel, tourism, insurance
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Ethnic
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Property Owner; A Landlord; Wealthy
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by the outer wall of a castle, Middle English baile, from Old French bail(le) ‘enclosure’ (see Bailey 2).Spanish : variant of Baile.Indian (Karnataka) : Hindu (Brahman) name, probably a topographic name from Tulu bail ‘low-lying land’ (Dravidian vayal ‘plain’, ‘field’).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
a.
Of or pertaining to the Dravida.
a.
Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in three languages.
n.
The name given to one the cultivated Dravidian languages, closely related to the Tamil.
sing.
A Bible consisting of four different Greek versions arranged in four columns by Origen; hence, any version in four languages or four columns.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.
n. pl.
A race of Hindostan, believed to be the original people who occupied the land before the Hindoo or Aryan invasion.
n.
A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.
n.
The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a.
a.
Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples who speak these languages.
n.
A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of the organs in the mouth -- tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip -- against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages.
n.
A Darvidian language spoken in the northern parts of the Madras presidency. In extent of use it is the next language after Hindustani (in its various forms) and Bengali.
n.
One of the three surd mutes /, /, /; -- so called in relation to their respective middle letters, or medials, /, /, /, and their aspirates, /, /, /. The term is also applied to the corresponding letters and articulate elements in other languages.
n.
The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages).
n.
Same as Tsetse. U () the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y.
n.
The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.
n.
The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.
n.
A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English.
n.
One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and Southern India.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Urals and the Altai; as the Ural-Altaic, or Turanian, languages.
n.
Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.
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