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Logic founded on unproven premises
begging the question or assuming the conclusion (Latin: petitio principii) is an informal fallacy that occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth
Begging_the_question
Logical fallacy
Begging the question, is more formally synonymous with “ignoring a question under the assumption it has already been answered.” Begging the question often
Appeal_to_the_stone
Question containing an unjustified assumption
36–37 Archived 2023-04-07 at the Wayback Machine "Fallacy: Begging the Question". The Nizkor Project. Archived from the original on March 10, 2019. Retrieved
Loaded_question
Form of incorrect argument in natural language
including the fallacy of equivocation, the fallacy of amphiboly, the fallacies of composition and division, the false dilemma, the fallacy of begging the question
Informal_fallacy
murdered their parents asking for leniency). Begging the question (petitio principii) – using the conclusion of the argument in support of itself in a premise
List_of_fallacies
Type of trolling or harassment
aggrieved party, and the target presented as closed-minded and unreasonable. Another maneuver of sealioning is the "Just Asking Questions" tactic, which frames
Sealioning
Logical fallacy
democracy. Ad hoc hypothesis Begging the question Epistemic commitment Equivocation List of fallacies Motte-and-bailey fallacy Moving the goalposts Persuasive
No_true_Scotsman
Type of informal fallacy
The motte-and-bailey fallacy (named after the motte-and-bailey castle), also called the castle and courtyard, is a form of argument and an informal fallacy
Motte-and-bailey_fallacy
Philosophical argument
internalism is true, then the OQA may avoid begging the question against the naturalist by claiming that the moral properties and the motivations to act belong
Open-question_argument
Logical fallacy in which the conclusion provides the premise
closely related to begging the question, and in modern usage the two generally refer to the same thing. Circular reasoning is often of the form: "A is true
Circular_reasoning
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Circularity may refer to: Circular definition Circular economy Circular reasoning, also known as circular logic Begging the question
Circularity
Form of incorrect argument and informal fallacy
Edition. Philosophy portal Ad hominem – Attacking the person rather than their argument Begging the question – Logic founded on unproven premises Devil's advocate –
Straw_man
Purported fallacy in explaining good reductively
objects that this[clarification needed] would be committing the fallacy of begging the question. Appeal to nature Appeal to novelty Appeal to tradition Moralistic
Naturalistic_fallacy
Question that has a built-in supposition
with petitio principii (begging the question), which offers a premise no more plausible than, and often just a restatement of, the conclusion. Closely connected
Complex_question
Type of informal fallacy
ignoratio elenchi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ad hominem Begging the question Chewbacca defense Enthymeme Evasion (ethics) Genetic fallacy List
Irrelevant_conclusion
Fallacy that since an argument contains a logical fallacy, its conclusion must be false
fallacy at all is present. Thus in some contexts it may be a form of begging the question, and it is also a special case of ad lapidem. Argument from ignorance
Argument_from_fallacy
Internet adage about Nazi comparisons
an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one." The law's creator, Mike Godwin, maintains
Godwin's_law
Deceit in which one states a truth that is irrelevant or implies a falsehood
challenge the assumption behind the question. This can lead the person questioned to be accused of "dodging the question". Begging the question Mental reservation
Evasion_(ethics)
Exclusive reliance on quantitative observations in decision-making
quantifiable with his famous "There are unknown unknowns" answer to a question posed at a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) news briefing on February 12
McNamara_fallacy
Type of fallacious argument (logical fallacy)
In propositional logic, affirming the consequent (also known as converse error, fallacy of the converse, or confusion of necessity and sufficiency) is
Affirming_the_consequent
Informal fallacy
That was the novelty: the right not to be right, not to be reasonable: "the reason of unreason." Aumann's agreement theorem Begging the question – Logic
I'm_entitled_to_my_opinion
Fallacy of treating an abstraction as if it were a real thing
ascription of life and sentience to the thing in question, whereas the pathetic fallacy is much broader and more allusive. The animistic fallacy involves attributing
Reification_(fallacy)
Mistakenly drawing statistical inference from independent events
in teaching mathematics. None of the participants had received any prior education regarding probability. The question asked was: "Ronni flipped a coin
Gambler's_fallacy
Internet rage incitement technique
trustworthiness. Betteridge's law of headlines – Journalistic adage on questions in headlines Chumbox – Form of online advertising Digital display advertising –
Rage-baiting
Fallacy regarding hypocrisy
discredit the opponent's argument by attacking the opponent's own personal behaviour and actions as being inconsistent with their argument, so that the opponent
Tu_quoque
Type of informal fallacy
A double-barreled question (sometimes, double-direct question) is an informal fallacy. It is committed when someone asks a question that touches upon
Double-barreled_question
Logical fallacy of inconsistency
because the similarity is based on oversimplification or ignorance of additional factors. The pattern of the fallacy is often as such: If A is the set containing
False_equivalence
Fallacious approach to mislead an audience
something that misleads or distracts from an important question, a relevant argument, or the solving of a mystery or crime. It may be either a logical
Red_herring
Attacking the person rather than their argument
referring to a class of sophistry that applies an ambiguously worded question about people to a specific person. ("Can a man see with an eye he doesn't
Ad_hominem
Formal fallacy
concept belonging to the same group as the first must also share these properties. When it is an attempt to win favor by exploiting the audience's preexisting
Association_fallacy
Informal fallacy
argument to the purse, is the informal fallacy of drawing conclusions based on the speaker's financial status. The term generally refers to the assumption
Argumentum_ad_crumenam
Rhetorical tactic and potential fallacy
like the word "normal", in some contexts, it can carry an implicit value judgment. An appeal to nature would thus beg the question, because the conclusion
Appeal_to_nature
Fallacy of assumption of causation based on sequence of events
out the connection. A simple example is "The rooster crows immediately before sunrise; therefore the rooster causes the sun to rise." The form of the post
Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc
Informal fallacy
something is claimed to be true or false because of a lack of evidence to the contrary. The fallacy is committed when one asserts that a proposition is true because
Argument_from_ignorance
Book written by C. S. Lewis
biblical scholars, of begging the question against miracles, insisting that modern disbelief in miracles is a cultural bias thrust upon the historical record
Miracles_(book)
Faulty deductive reasoning due to a logical flaw
reasoning with a flaw in its logical structure (the logical relationship between the premises and the conclusion). A formal fallacy is contrasted with
Formal_fallacy
Management attitude for innovation or development
management research has shown the existence of a strong bias against ideas from the outside. The reasons for not wanting to use the work of others are varied
Not_invented_here
Informal fallacy in comparing actualities with ideals
Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017. Browne, M Neil; Keeley, Stuart M (2004). Asking the right questions: a guide to critical
Nirvana_fallacy
Epistemologically probative proposition
of the purpose of persuasively arguing for the conclusion based on one or more premises that differ from it (see ignoratio elenchi and begging the question)
Self-evidence
Overused, unoriginal phrase or opinion
short, generic truisms that offer seemingly simple answers to complex questions or that distract attention away from other lines of thought. They are
Cliché
Formal fallacy, aka Linda Problem
Gigerenzer and Ralph Hertwig criticized the Linda problem on grounds such as the wording and framing. The question of the Linda problem may violate conversational
Conjunction_fallacy
Evidence relying on personal testimony
personal experiences, or observations, collected in a non-systematic manner. The term anecdotal encompasses a variety of forms of evidence, including personal
Anecdotal_evidence
Unclear communication
Obfuscation is the obscuring of the intended meaning of communication by making the message difficult to understand, usually with confusing and ambiguous
Obfuscation
Allegedly unexplained human incineration
laterally with some difficulty. The fires in question are relatively small, achieving considerable destruction by the wick effect, and nearby objects
Spontaneous_human_combustion
to begging the question. This relates to Kantian[citation needed] transcendental aspects of the world, in which a new factor can be included, if the current
Epistemological_solipsism
Type of informal fallacy
Poisoning the well (or attempting to poison the well) is a type of informal fallacy where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented
Poisoning_the_well
Type of formal fallacy
is the logical fallacy of taking something for granted because it is possibly the case. The fact that an event is possible does not imply that the event
Appeal_to_probability
American reality show personality
his work: "I am content with people asking questions", he stated in 2016. Between Two Worlds: Lessons from the Other Side. Simon and Schuster. 2016. ISBN 9781501152658
Tyler_Henry
Apparent, but false, correlation between causally-independent variables
causal effect on the other, because each equals a real variable times the price level, and the common presence of the price level in the two data series
Spurious_relationship
Legendary creature in folklore of the Americas
about the size of a small bear, and with a distinctive row of spines extending from the neck to the base of the tail. In contrast, reports from the Southwestern
Chupacabra
Type of logical fallacy
fallacy that combines circular reasoning, the genetic fallacy and ad hominem with presumption or condescension. The Bulverist presumes that a speaker's argument
Bulverism
Hypothesis that reality could be a computer simulation
further argues that the simulation argument amounts to "begging the question," due to the "embarrassing question" of the nature of the underlying reality
Simulation_hypothesis
Statistical fallacy
or prior, expectation of the particular relationship in question before examining the data. For example, before examining the information, one might have
Texas_sharpshooter_fallacy
American paranormal investigators and authors
haunting of the Snedeker family in Southington, Connecticut, later called into question the veracity of the accounts in his book, saying, "The family involved
Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren
Statement of infinite regress
informal fallacy of begging the question. In one interpretation, the goal of positing the existence of a world turtle is to explain why the earth seems to
Turtles_all_the_way_down
Refutation of a logical fallacy
medication to raise HDL decreases the chance of having a heart attack. Further research has called this conclusion into question. Instead, it may be that other
Correlation does not imply causation
Correlation_does_not_imply_causation
Logic error due to ignoring the base rate
Retrieved 2010-06-12.. Professor Ray Hill questioned even this first step (1/8,500 vs 1/1,300) in two ways: firstly, on the grounds that it was biased, excluding
Base_rate_fallacy
Rising of a human body and other objects into the air by mystical means
Levitation or transvection, in the paranormal or religious context, is the claimed ability to raise a human body or other object into the air by mystical means
Levitation_(paranormal)
Distraction technique and anti-debate tactic
is an informal fallacy or rhetorical tactic in which someone focuses on the tone or emotional expression of an argument rather than its factual or logical
Tone_policing
Supposed 1943 US Navy experiment
The Philadelphia Experiment was an alleged event claimed to have been witnessed by an ex-merchant mariner named Carl M. Allen at the United States Navy's
Philadelphia_Experiment
Knowledge of the hidden or the paranormal
to Éliphas Lévi and Papus. The earliest use of the term occultism in the English language appears to be in "A Few Questions to 'Hiraf'", an 1875 article
Occult
Fallacy of inferring on the whole from a part
about the population from which the sample is drawn. The fallacy of composition is the converse of the fallacy of division. "Every brick in the wall is
Fallacy_of_composition
Formal fallacy
The formal fallacy of affirming a disjunct, also known as the fallacy of the alternative disjunct or a false exclusionary disjunct, occurs when a deductive
Affirming_a_disjunct
Rhetorical device or literal parade with grotesque costumes
Fourth of July parades in parts of the United States in the 19th century, and "Horribles Parades" continue to be part of the Independence Day celebration in
Parade_of_horribles
Philosophical argument
charged with begging the question. A deterministic connection begs the question because proponents of Frankfurt-style cases are assuming the very thing
Frankfurt_cases
Logical fallacy
Denying the antecedent (also known as denial of the antecedent, inverse error, or fallacy of the inverse) is a formal fallacy of inferring the inverse
Denying_the_antecedent
1977 book by Jay Anson
very serious ethical question when lawyers become literary agents." Weber himself "filed a two-million-dollar lawsuit against the couple, charging them
The_Amityville_Horror
American remote viewing pioneer (1933–2013)
Happen to You When the Soviets Take Over? Autobiography: Penetration: The Question of Extraterrestrial and Human Telepathy (1998). The Men Who Stare at
Ingo_Swann
Logical reasoning method
might. So this falsifies the statement but begs the question. Finally, Hume provides many possible "unintended consequences" of the argument. For instance
Argument_from_analogy
Idea that a concept is ill-defined, and therefore cannot be discussed
Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago Press: 79–98. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226051826.003.0006. Guerber, H. A. (1909). "4: Thor. Sif, the Golden-haired"
Loki's_wager
Rhetorical argument
agent in question takes the first step he will be impelled forward through the sequence, losing control so that in the end he will reach the catastrophic
Slippery_slope
Misleading use of a term with multiple meanings
equivocation ("calling two different things by the same name") is an informal fallacy resulting from the failure to define one's terms, or knowingly and
Equivocation
Formal fallacy about knowledge of objects
In philosophical logic, the masked-man fallacy (also known as the intensional fallacy or epistemic fallacy) is the false assumption that knowledge or a
Masked-man_fallacy
Urban legend based on a region in North Atlantic
answer questions about the Triangle because those questions are not valid in the first place [...] Ships and planes behave in the Triangle the same way
Bermuda_Triangle
Fallacy of claiming the majority is always correct
to the people') is an informal fallacy that asserts a claim is true, good, or correct because many people allegedly think so. Other names for the fallacy
Argumentum_ad_populum
Claim of supernatural activity
while a claimed "disembodied" voice was heard. During the interview both girls were asked the question, "How does it feel to be haunted by a poltergeist?"
Enfield_poltergeist
Topics referred to by the same term
reciprocation. Begging may also refer to: Begging in animals, when an animal solicits being given resources by another animal Begging the question, a logical
Begging_(disambiguation)
Bias towards recently acquired information
recall if its implications are not called into question by the difficulty they have in recalling it. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Amos Tversky and
Availability_heuristic
Assumption of a single cause where multiple factors may be necessary
The fallacy of the single cause, also known as complex cause, causal oversimplification, causal reductionism, root cause fallacy, and reduction fallacy
Fallacy_of_the_single_cause
Credit for a work given to the wrong person
the Matthew effect. A quotation is often attributed to someone more famous than the real author. This leads the quotation to be more famous, but the real
False_attribution
Argument that uses faulty reasoning
(argumentum ad hominem) Assuming the conclusion of an argument, a kind of circular reasoning, also called "begging the question" (petitio principii) Making
Fallacy
View of past as inferior to the present
that the thinking, art, or science of an earlier time is inherently inferior to that of the present, simply by virtue of its temporal priority or the belief
Chronological_snobbery
Fallacy where validity is determined by origin
bearing on the truth or falsity of the claim in question. Genetic accounts of an issue may be true and may help illuminate the reasons why the issue has
Genetic_fallacy
Conspiracy theory of reptilian humanoids
were lizard people who enjoyed the taste of human flesh. Amused by Rumsfeld's refusal to directly answer the question, C.K. suggested it was a possible
Reptilian_conspiracy_theory
Fallacy
committing a commonly identified fallacy of informal logic—namely, begging the question against an earnest, intelligent, logically competent relativist.
Relativist_fallacy
Psychological defense mechanism
differentiate the original deterministic explanation of the behavior or feeling in question.[failed verification] Quintilian and classical rhetoric used the term
Rationalization_(psychology)
the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been widely critiqued by scientists. The subculture
List_of_cryptids
Informal fallacy that the truth is always a compromise
the false compromise, argument from middle ground, fallacy of gray, middle ground fallacy, or golden mean fallacy—is the fallacy of assuming that the
Argument_to_moderation
Situation in which one cannot avoid a problem because of contradictory constraints
it conveys no information at all. Philosophy portal Novels portal Begging the question Circular reasoning Cornelian dilemma Deadlock Double bind False dilemma
Catch-22_(logic)
Interpretation of out-of-body experiences
the soul (ba) as having the ability to hover outside the physical body via the ka, or subtle body. The yaskomo of the Waiwai is believed to have the ability
Astral_projection
Type of fallacy in modal logic
More on "The" Modal Fallacy, retrieved 22 October 2014 Franzén, Torkel, Eternal Questions: Free Will and Divine Omniscience, archived from the original
Modal_fallacy
Assertion without proof
opinion. The fallacy of defending a proposition by baldly asserting that it is "just how it is" distorts the argument by opting out of it entirely: the claimant
Ipse_dixit
Wine box claimed to be haunted
The stone that was in the box is something that is a signature creation of mine also. Make no mistake, I conceived of the Dybbuk Box – the name, the term
Dybbuk_box
Claimed form of extrasensory perception
the existence of the paranormal is not accepted by the scientific community. The scientific community widely considers parapsychology, including the study
Clairvoyance
1967 film allegedly containing footage of Bigfoot
Critics also argue that the lack of modern footage of similar quality raises questions about why the most cited Bigfoot film dates to the late 1960s. Bernard
Patterson–Gimlin_film
Rhetorical cliché phrase
pleads with her nanny not to quit by begging her to "think of the children!". Laity wrote that the popular use of the phrase evokes strong feelings in those
Think_of_the_children
Informal logical fallacy
known as argument from personal incredulity, appeal to common sense, or the divine fallacy, is a fallacy in informal logic. It asserts that a proposition
Argument_from_incredulity
Attempt to persuade or to determine the truth of a conclusion
questions, namely criteria for assessing dialectically the reasonableness and acceptability of an argument. The matching critical questions are the standard
Argument
Type of uncertainty of meaning where several interpretations are possible
(28 May 2024). The anthropology of ambiguity. Manchester University Press. doi:10.7765/9781526173850. ISBN 978-1-5261-7385-0. "Questions and Answers on
Ambiguity
Allegedly haunted doll
Robert the Doll is a reportedly haunted doll exhibited at the East Martello Museum in Key West, Florida. He was once owned by painter, author, and Key
Robert_(doll)
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BEGGING THE-QUESTION
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : topographic name for someone who lived by a common pasture, Middle English tye (Old English tēag).North German : from a short form, Tide, of the personal name Dietrich.
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name THI means "poem."
Boy/Male
English
From the enclosure.
Female
Greek
 Short form of Greek and Latin Dorothea, THEA means "gift of God." Compare with another form of Thea.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English thewe ‘thrall’, ‘slave’ (Old English þēow).
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : variant of Tye.
Boy/Male
Irish Scandinavian
Spearlike.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Balding.
Girl/Female
Greek American
Goddess; godly. Also as abbreviation of names like Althea and Dorothea. The mythological Thea was...
Male
English
Short form of English Theodore, THEO means "gift of God," and other names beginning with Theo-.
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, Irish, Scandinavian
Spear-like; Lives on the Hill
Female
German
Pet form of German Kätharina, KÄTHE means "pure."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Liggins.
Female
Turkish
Turkish name BELGIN means "clear."
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name THU means "autumn."
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Small child.
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name TSE means "rock."
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Middle English word tye, TYE means "pasture."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places in England named with northern Middle English bigging ‘building’ (from Old Norse). This word came to denote especially an outbuilding, and is still used in and around Northumberland and Cumbria.
Female
English
 Pet form of English Theodora, THEA means "gift of God." Compare with another form of Thea.
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
BEGGING THE-QUESTION
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