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Computation of nearly accurate results
Approximate computing is an emerging paradigm for energy-efficient and/or high-performance design. It includes a plethora of computation techniques that
Approximate_computing
Something roughly the same as something else
algorithm – Class of algorithms that find approximate solutions to optimization problems Approximate computing – Computation of nearly accurate results
Approximation
Finding strings that approximately match a pattern
P.) Computing E(m, j) is very similar to computing the edit distance between two strings. In fact, we can use the Levenshtein distance computing algorithm
Approximate_string_matching
Form of shared internet-based computing
concert to perform very large tasks. Fog computing – Distributed computing paradigm that provides data, compute, storage and application services closer
Cloud_computing
Types of approximate algorithm
Soft computing is an umbrella term used to describe types of algorithms that produce approximate solutions to unsolvable high-level problems in computer
Soft_computing
Root-finding algorithm
Muller, Jean-Michel (December 2020). "Elementary Functions and Approximate Computing". Proceedings of the IEEE. 108 (12): 2146. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2020
Fast_inverse_square_root
Subset of artificial intelligence
achieved through various techniques, such as hardware acceleration, approximate computing, and model optimization. Common optimization techniques include
Machine_learning
Complexity class
are often tackled with rules-based languages in areas including: Approximate computing Configuration Cryptography Data mining Decision support Phylogenetics
NP-hardness
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
information in quantum computing, the qubit (quantum bit), serves a similar function as the bit in ordinary or "classical" computing. Unlike a classical
Quantum_computing
Experimental technology level
of the quantum computing implementation levels. In October 2023, the 1,000 qubit mark was passed for the first time by Atom Computing's 1,180 qubit quantum
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Computation machine that uses continuously varying data technology
and synthetic-aperture radar, remained the domain of analog computing (and hybrid computing) well into the 1980s, since digital computers were insufficient
Analog_computer
Property of artificial neural networks
network can approximate any continuous multivariate function. This was extended to the discontinuous case by Vugar Ismailov. In reservoir computing a sparse
Universal approximation theorem
Universal_approximation_theorem
American computer scientist and professor
contributions to energy-efficient and approximate computing. Reda’s research spans energy-efficient computing, approximate computing methodologies, embedded systems
Sherief_Reda
Indian academic
interests include compilers and programming languages, and edge computing, approximate computing, software security, system reliability, and parallel programming
Vikram_Adve
Computational method in Bayesian statistics
Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) constitutes a class of computational methods rooted in Bayesian statistics that can be used to estimate the posterior
Approximate Bayesian computation
Approximate_Bayesian_computation
which computed all prime numbers up to that limit. Computing – Manufacturing: An estimated 6×1018 transistors were produced worldwide in 2008. Computing –
Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)
Measure of detail a quantity is expressed in
computations are made using the data (although it can also be reduced). Approximate computing Arbitrary-precision arithmetic Extended precision Granularity IEEE754
Precision_(computer_science)
System with multiple networked computers
common goal for their work. The terms "concurrent computing", "parallel computing", and "distributed computing" have much overlap, and no clear distinction
Distributed_computing
Additional storage that enables faster access to main storage
In computing, a cache (/kæʃ/ KASH) is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the
Cache_(computing)
Situation where players have only a small incentive to change strategies
equilibrium computation - discusses the general problem of computing an exact or approximate Nash equilibrium. Inline citations V. Bubelis (1979). "On
Epsilon-equilibrium
Algorithmic technique using hashing
(1998). "Approximate Nearest Neighbors: Towards Removing the Curse of Dimensionality.". Proceedings of 30th Symposium on Theory of Computing. Charikar
Locality-sensitive_hashing
Programmable machine that processes data
of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906. In his work
Computer
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has long been employed in high-performance computing, but has
Parallel_computing
Loop perforation is an approximate computing technique that allows to regularly skip some iterations of a loop. It relies on one parameter: the perforation
Loop_perforation
events in the history of computing from 1950 to 1979. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing. Information revolution
Timeline of computing 1950–1979
Timeline_of_computing_1950–1979
Initiative to rethink the concept of computing
Task Force on Rebooting Computing (TFRC), housed within IEEE Computer Society, is the new home for the IEEE Rebooting Computing Initiative. Founded in
IEEE_Rebooting_Computing
Task skipping is an approximate computing technique that allows to skip code blocks according to a specific boolean condition to be checked at run-time
Task_skipping
Computer science metric of string similarity
Navarro, Gonzalo (1 March 2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys. 33 (1): 31–88. doi:10.1145/375360.375365
Edit_distance
computing from 2020 to the present. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing. Significant events in computing
Timeline of computing 2020–present
Timeline_of_computing_2020–present
String metric for measuring edit distance
707–710. Math-Net. Gonzalo Navarro, “A guided tour to approximate string matching”, ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 33, no. 1, 2001, pp. 31–88, doi:10.1145/375360
Levenshtein_distance
computing, embedded bio-signal processing for wearable and near-sensor devices, and error-tolerant workloads addressed through approximate computing variants
Coarse-grained reconfigurable array
Coarse-grained_reconfigurable_array
Concept in software engineering and computer science
Ubiquitous computing (or "ubicomp") is a concept in software engineering, hardware engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear seamlessly
Ubiquitous_computing
Number, approximately 3.14
crossing a line (x > 0), then one may approximate π based on the counts: π≈2nℓxt. Another Monte Carlo method for computing π is to draw a circle inscribed in
Pi
International Society for Computing
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New
Association for Computing Machinery
Association_for_Computing_Machinery
Economical computational problem
computing mixed-strategy NE vs computing pure-strategy NE. In each of these cases, one can consider computing an exact NE or an epsilon-approximate NE:
Nash_equilibrium_computation
Concept in statistics
In statistics, an approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability of fluctuations over time-series
Approximate_entropy
Form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts
Client-side encryption – Type of encryption Confidential computing – Privacy-enhancing computing technique Format-preserving encryption – Method in cryptography
Homomorphic_encryption
American computer scientist
on Computing, 37(2):584-610, 2007. J. S. B. Mitchell, D. M. Mount and C. H. Papadimitriou. The Discrete Geodesic Problem. SIAM Journal of Computing, 16(4):647-668
David_Mount
Executing several computations during overlapping time periods
Concurrent computing is a form of computing in which several computations are executed concurrently—during overlapping time periods, instead of sequentially—with
Concurrent_computing
Overview of and topical guide to computer science
system for computer science is the ACM Computing Classification System devised by the Association for Computing Machinery. Computer science can be described
Outline_of_computer_science
Software programming optimization technique
mitigated by explicit selection of those rules the parser will memoize. Approximate computing – category of techniques to improve efficiency Computational complexity
Memoization
Hardware acceleration unit for artificial intelligence tasks
Acceleration for General-Purpose Approximate Programs, which described an NPU architecture for accelerating approximate programs. NPU's purpose is either
Neural_processing_unit
Category of cloud computing
the main business model for computing, and cluster computing enabled multiple computers to work together. Cloud computing emerged in the late 1990s with
Software_as_a_service
The history of computing extends beyond the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology including earlier methods that relied on pen
History_of_computing
American technology company
7 billion. Also in March, OpenAI signed a five-year cloud-computing contract worth approximately $12 billion with CoreWeave for its AI infrastructure needs
CoreWeave
Indian computer scientist and academic
appointed dean of the Faculty for Computing and Information Science, now known as the Cornell Ann S. Bowers College of Computing and Information Science. Bala
Kavita_Bala
Inefficient use of storage space
of those potential holes to put the file; each of them is a heuristic approximate solution to the bin packing problem. The "best fit" algorithm chooses
Fragmentation_(computing)
Structure in biology and artificial intelligence
cybernetics Biologically-inspired computing Shao, Feng; Shen, Zheng (January 9, 2022). "How can artificial neural networks approximate the brain?". Front. Psychol
Neural_network
American computer scientist
"Elected AAAI Fellows". www.aaai.org. Association for Computing Machinery. "ACM Fellows Named for Computing Innovations that Are Advancing Technology in the
Nancy_M._Amato
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
useful in many fields, but computing it directly from the definition is often too slow to be practical. An FFT rapidly computes such transformations by factorizing
Fast_Fourier_transform
Computing company founded in 2014
Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC). HQS was founded in 2014. The company used a trapped-ion architecture for its quantum computing hardware, which Honeywell
Quantinuum
Real number that can be computed within arbitrary precision
numbers. Though the computable reals exhaust those reals we can calculate or approximate, the assumption that all reals are computable leads to substantially
Computable_number
Computing the fixed point of a function
Fixed-point computation refers to the process of computing an exact or approximate fixed point of a given function. In its most common form, the given
Fixed-point_computation
Methods for numerical approximations
method of sparse grids. Numerical analysis is also concerned with computing (in an approximate way) the solution of differential equations, both ordinary differential
Numerical_analysis
Type of malware
In computing, a trojan horse or trojan is a kind of malware that misleads users as to its true intent by disguising itself as a normal program. Trojans
Trojan_horse_(computing)
American physicist
Quantum Computing?". The Quantum Insider. Retrieved 2025-01-07. Farhi, Edward; Aram W Harrow (2016). "Quantum Supremacy through the Quantum Approximate Optimization
Edward_Farhi
Approximate string matching program
expressions. Bitap algorithm TRE (computing) Wu, Sun; Manber, Udi (20–24 January 1992). Agrep -- a fast approximate pattern-matching tool. 1992 Winter
Agrep
Kumar Shukla, Jean-Pierre Talpin From Variability Tolerance to Approximate Computing in Parallel Integrated Architectures and Accelerators by Abbas Rahimi
Rajesh_K._Gupta
Method by which work is assigned
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The
Scheduling_(computing)
Anti-aliasing algorithm
Fast approximate anti-aliasing (FXAA) is a screen-space anti-aliasing algorithm created by Timothy Lottes at Nvidia. FXAA 3 is released under a public
Fast approximate anti-aliasing
Fast_approximate_anti-aliasing
Type of computer with high performance
computing whereby a "super virtual computer" of many loosely coupled volunteer computing machines performs very large computing tasks. Grid computing
Supercomputer
Characters for drawing frames and boxes
Drawing Block Elements Geometric Shapes Symbols for Legacy Computing Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement Box Drawing U+2500-U+257F, The Unicode Standard
Box-drawing_characters
Data structures that allow approximate membership queries
space-efficient probabilistic data structures that support approximate membership queries. An approximate membership query answers whether an element is in a
Approximate membership query filter
Approximate_membership_query_filter
Digital workload distribution techniques
In computing, load balancing is the process of distributing a set of tasks over a set of resources (computing units) with the aim of making their overall
Load_balancing_(computing)
Varying methods used to calculate pi
algorithm, the formula can compute any particular base 16 digit of π—returning the hexadecimal value of the digit—without computing the intervening digits
Approximations_of_pi
Parallel computing platform and programming model
CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a proprietary parallel computing platform and application programming interface (API) developed by Nvidia
CUDA
Problem in linear algebra
(Allender & Gore 1994) The development of both exact and approximate algorithms for computing the permanent of a matrix is an active area of research.
Computing_the_permanent
Process for preserving information in DRAM
period saves energy with minor quality loss, which is an example of approximate computing. In static random-access memory (SRAM), another type of semiconductor
Memory_refresh
Open-source library for pattern matching in text
portable approximate regular expression matching library Navarro, Gonzalo (March 2001), "A guided tour to approximate string matching", ACM Computing Surveys
TRE_(computing)
Numerical analysis concept
problem. Various methods have been developed that use approximate closed-form expressions to compute the nodes. As mentioned above, in some methods formulas
Gauss–Legendre_quadrature
Quantum computing Timeline of quantum computing and communication Moore's law – observation (not actually a law) that, over the history of computing hardware
Computer performance by orders of magnitude
Computer_performance_by_orders_of_magnitude
computer. Reversible computing is not subject to this lower bound. T cannot, even in theory, be made lower than 3 kelvins, the approximate temperature of the
Limits_of_computation
design, reconfigurable systems, and new ideas like quantum computing and approximate computing. Track A: Application Design focuses on real-world examples
Design Automation and Test in Europe
Design_Automation_and_Test_in_Europe
Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods in numerical analysis are algorithms for computing expectations that arise in stochastic simulations. Just as Monte Carlo
Multilevel_Monte_Carlo_method
List of quantum computing algorithms
quantum computing List of algorithms List of artificial intelligence algorithms List of quantum and post-quantum cryptography List of quantum computing journals
List_of_quantum_algorithms
Methods of calculating definite integrals
higher-dimensional integration. The basic problem in numerical integration is to compute an approximate solution to a definite integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle
Numerical_integration
Provost for Computing & Data Sciences at Boston University. He is known for his work in distributed computing, networking, and trustworthy computing. Bahgat
List_of_Egyptian_Americans
Approximation method
is usually not known. Nevertheless, approximate arithmetic operations can be employed to compute an approximate inverse without knowing the function
Hierarchical_matrix
in the history of computing: from prehistory until 1949. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see History of computing. The Ishango bone
Timeline of computing before 1950
Timeline_of_computing_before_1950
Unsolved problem in computational complexity theory
Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, May 17-20, 2008, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 245–254, doi:10
Unique_games_conjecture
Optimization theory in computing
The approximate counting algorithm allows the counting of a large number of events using a small amount of memory. Invented in 1977 by Robert Morris of
Approximate counting algorithm
Approximate_counting_algorithm
Sequence of data items available over time
(Report). Norwegian Computing Center. Archived from the original on 2024-09-19. Retrieved 20 August 2025. SRFI 41: Streams An Approximate L1-Difference Algorithm
Stream_(computing)
United States Act of Congress
(NREN), and the High-Performance Computing and Communications Program (HPCC). The funding allocation was approximately $600 million. The act built on prior
High Performance Computing Act of 1991
High_Performance_Computing_Act_of_1991
Cloud-based data-warehousing company
processing, with integrations for tools like Tableau, Power BI, and Sigma Computing. In July 2026, Snowflake introduced Snowflake Intelligence, an enterprise
Snowflake_Inc.
American businessman (born 1964)
president and CEO of Amazon, the world's largest e-commerce and cloud computing company. According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes, he
Jeff_Bezos
GPU microarchitecture by AMD
different operation (a×b+c×d+e). v t e Approximate die size of entire MCM package that consists of single GCD (Graphics Compute Die) and six MCDs (Memory Cache
RDNA_3
Fitness approximation aims to approximate the objective or fitness functions in evolutionary optimization by building up machine learning models based
Fitness_approximation
Use of a GPU for computations typically assigned to CPUs
supercomputing it is well known that scientific computing drives the largest concentrations of Computing power in history, listed in the TOP500: the majority
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units
American multinational technology conglomerate
materials science using a combination of AI, high-performance computing and quantum computing. The service includes Copilot, a GPT-4 based large language
Microsoft
Emotion modeling in AI
entitled "Affective Computing" and her 1997 book of the same name published by MIT Press. One motivation for researching affective computing is the ability
Affective_computing
Amount of computational work that a computer system performs
In UNIX computing, the system load is a measure of the amount of computational work that a computer system performs. The load average represents the average
Load_(computing)
Global system of connected computer networks
each other's work.[citation needed] The internet also allows for cloud computing, virtual private networks, remote desktops, and remote work.[citation
Internet
Algorithms for calculating square roots
as programs to be executed on a digital electronic computer or other computing device. Algorithms may take into account convergence (how many iterations
Square_root_algorithms
Cyrillic letter
and 1911. This letter does not have any computing codes, most notably in Unicode. It is possible to approximate this letter with the Latin letter K in
Ka_with_ascender
Repetition of a process
iteration in mathematics is in iterative methods which are used to produce approximate numerical solutions to certain mathematical problems. Newton's method
Iteration
Approximation for the travelling salesman problem
algorithm or Christofides–Serdyukov algorithm is an algorithm for finding approximate solutions to the travelling salesman problem, on instances where the
Christofides_algorithm
American multinational technology company
online advertising, search engine technology, email, cloud computing, software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence
Coin graph drawing algorithms for finite connected planar graphs (approximately computing the theoretical circle-packing given by the Koebe-Andreev-Thurston
List_of_algorithms
Set of computational problems stated by Richard Karp (1973)
Theorem Proving Procedures". Proc. 3rd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC). pp. 151–158. doi:10.1145/800157.805047. ISBN 9781450374644. S2CID 7573663
Karp's 21 NP-complete problems
Karp's_21_NP-complete_problems
Optimization problem in computer science
look-up using the query point as a key to get the correct result. An approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm is allowed to return points whose distance
Nearest_neighbor_search
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APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
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APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
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