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Finding strings that approximately match a pattern
In computer science, approximate string matching (often colloquially referred to as fuzzy string searching) is the technique of finding strings that match
Approximate_string_matching
Searching for patterns in text
A string-searching algorithm, sometimes called string-matching algorithm, is an algorithm that searches a body of text for portions that match by pattern
String-searching_algorithm
Approximate string matching program
agrep (approximate grep) is an open-source approximate string matching program, developed by Udi Manber and Sun Wu between 1988 and 1991, for use with
Agrep
allows matching at a phrasal level. It is used when the translator is working with translation memory (TM). It uses approximate string matching. When an
Fuzzy matching (computer-assisted translation)
Fuzzy_matching_(computer-assisted_translation)
Computer science metric of string similarity
minimizing edit distance. Approximate string matching can be formulated in terms of edit distance. Ukkonen's 1985 algorithm takes a string p, called the pattern
Edit_distance
Functional programming construct
to substitute the matching pattern with some other token sequence (i.e., search and replace). Sequence patterns (e.g., a text string) are often described
Pattern_matching
Metric that measures the distance between two strings of text
for approximate string matching or comparison and in fuzzy string searching. A requirement for a string metric (e.g. in contrast to string matching) is
String_metric
Approximate string matching algorithm
algorithm) is an approximate string matching algorithm. The algorithm tells whether a given text contains a substring which is "approximately equal" to a given
Bitap_algorithm
Command-line utility for text search
in paragraph styles "GREP styles". agrep (approximate grep) is an open-source approximate string matching program, developed by Udi Manber and Sun Wu
Grep
Computer science metric for string similarity
front; insert "n" at the end). The Hamming distance is 4. In approximate string matching, the objective is to find matches for short strings in many longer
Levenshtein_distance
Tree data structure for metric spaces
BK-trees can be used for approximate string matching in a dictionary [2]. The problem is formulated as follows: Given a pattern string P = p 1 p 2 . . . p
BK-tree
Algorithm to transform a regular expression into a finite automaton
transitions from each state can match a string of length n in time O(emn), a Thompson NFA can do pattern matching in linear time, assuming a fixed-size
Thompson's_construction
Open-source library for pattern matching in text
library for pattern matching in text, which works like a regular expression engine with the ability to do approximate string matching. It was developed
TRE_(computing)
Correcting inaccurate computer records
address that does not have a valid postal code), or with fuzzy or approximate string matching (such as correcting records that partially match existing, known
Data_cleansing
Data mining technique
operations on single sequences and can be based on exact string matching or approximate string matching methods for finding dispersed fixed length and maximal
Sequential_pattern_mining
Shell command for comparing file content
was independently discovered and described in Algorithms for Approximate String Matching, by Esko Ukkonen. The first editions of the diff program were
Diff
Type of finite-state machine in automata theory
compiling a regular expression to an NFA that can efficiently perform pattern matching on strings. Conversely, Kleene's algorithm can be used to convert an NFA
Nondeterministic finite automaton
Nondeterministic_finite_automaton
Algorithm for indexing of words by their pronunciation
similarly to the phonemes output by the processed audio signal. Approximate string matching Hamming distance Levenshtein distance Damerau–Levenshtein distance
Phonetic_algorithm
String matching algorithm
would involve no string matching, and could just query the index directly, which can be faster in practice. Approximate string matching Google Code Search
Trigram_search
Search tree data structure
prefixes. Tries can be efficacious on string-searching algorithms such as predictive text, approximate string matching, and spell checking in comparison to
Trie
String searching algorithm
abundance of the sought strings, single-string searching algorithms are impractical. A naive string matching algorithm compares the given pattern against
Rabin–Karp_algorithm
Data structure
Magne (1998), "Approximate word sequence matching over sparse suffix trees", in Farach-Colton, Martin (ed.), Combinatorial Pattern Matching, 9th Annual Symposium
Substring_index
Minimizing problem in computer programming
= O(n). RMQs are used as a tool for many tasks in exact and approximate string matching. Several applications can be found in Fischer and Heun (2007)
Range_minimum_query
Searching for patterns in compressed data
However we could always decode the entire text and then apply a classic string matching algorithm, but this usually requires more space and time and often
Compressed_pattern_matching
Algorithmic problem on pairs of sequences
off the matching items at the beginning while start ≤ m_end and start ≤ n_end and X[start] = Y[start] start := start + 1 trim off the matching items at
Longest_common_subsequence
Israeli computer scientist
on approximate string matching, Wiener Ziv Algorithm and Ornstein–Shields block-coding algorithm (1992). I. Sadeh – "On Approximate String Matching" IEEE
Ilan_Sadeh
Computer science problem
science, a longest common substring of two or more strings is a longest string that is a substring of all of them. There may be more than one longest common
Longest_common_substring
Metric in computer science
2019-10-30. Navarro, Gonzalo (March 2001), "A guided tour to approximate string matching", ACM Computing Surveys, 33 (1): 31–88, doi:10.1145/375360.375365
Damerau–Levenshtein_distance
Type of formal grammar
non-terminal symbols, a ∈ Σ is a terminal symbol, and ε denotes the empty string, i.e. the string of length 0. S is called the start symbol. In a left-regular grammar
Regular_grammar
Programming algorithm
first algorithms that performed approximate search. Navarro, Gonzalo (2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys
Wagner–Fischer_algorithm
Software to help correct spelling errors
replacements and modify the program's operation. Spell checkers can use approximate string matching algorithms such as Levenshtein distance to find correct spellings
Spell_checker
Data structure
be used as an associative map structure with the ability for incremental string search. However, ternary search trees are more space efficient compared
Ternary_search_tree
Compressed full-text substring index
backtracking has been successfully (>2000 citations) applied to approximate string matching/sequence alignment, See Bowtie https://bowtie-bio.sourceforge
FM-index
relevant and irrelevant positions in a biosequence and a method of approximate string matching that allows for substitutions. They are a straightforward modification
Spaced_seed
Number of bits that differ between two strings
PMC 2267810. PMID 18351799. Navarro, Gonzalo (2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys. 33 (1): 31–88. CiteSeerX 10.1
Hamming_distance
Patterns used in computer programming
pattern. Although globbing may now refer to glob()-style pattern matching of any string, not just expansion into a list of filesystem names, the original
Glob_(programming)
Type of wave
A vibration in a string is a wave. Initial disturbance (such as plucking or striking) causes a vibrating string to produce a sound with constant frequency
String_vibration
Phonetic algorithm for indexing words
Identification and Intelligence System Match Rating Approach Approximate string matching Hanging on the Metaphone, Lawrence Philips. Computer Language
Metaphone
Feature on word processors to automatically correct misspelled words
However, at the end of November 2018, the website went defunct. Approximate string matching Predictive text LanguageTool Autocomplete Code completion Mary
Autocorrection
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
of approximate string matching is typically divided into two sub-problems: finding approximate substring matches inside a given string and finding dictionary
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
2003 book
in strings, constant-space string matching algorithms, and the lossless compression of strings. Approximate string matching is covered in several variations
Jewels_of_Stringology
Bioengineering process
homologous regions.[page needed] This method utilizes the Wu-Manber approximate string matching algorithm to generate multiple sequence alignments.[page needed]
Protein_engineering
1, January 1967.) Navarro, Gonzalo (2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys. 33 (1): 31–88. CiteSeerX 10.1
List_of_multiple_discoveries
Deterministic finite automaton accepting set of all suffixes of particular string
(2003). "A Bit-Parallel Suffix Automaton Approach for (δ,γ)-Matching in Music Retrieval". String Processing and Information Retrieval. Lecture Notes in Computer
Suffix_automaton
Indian computer scientist
ACM Fellow in 2010 "For contributions to efficient algorithms for string matching, data streams, and internet ad auctions". He received the 2014 Imre
S. Muthukrishnan (computer scientist)
S._Muthukrishnan_(computer_scientist)
Automated information retrieval method
information integration, and task support, still need to be addressed. Approximate string matching Compound-term processing Concept mining Information extraction
Concept_search
Israeli-American computer scientist
constant-time algorithms and data structures, exact string matching, suffix trees, and approximate string matching. Shiloach, Yossi; Vishkin, Uzi (1982a), "An
Uzi_Vishkin
Wave with frequency an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
{\tfrac {2}{3}}\ L\ ,} where L {\displaystyle \ L\ } is the length of the string. In fact, each n {\displaystyle \ n} th characteristic mode, for n
Harmonic
Search algorithm parameter for phrase matching
of a phrase search with the flexibility of a keyword search. Approximate string matching Edit distance Levenshtein distance "Match phrase query". OpenSearch
Slop_(search_algorithms)
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
Wu agrep, which implements approximate matching, combines the prefiltering into the DFA in BDM (backward DAWG matching). NR-grep's BNDM extends the
Regular_expression
Mathematical model for string comparison
(implemented several times) for approximate regular expression matching TRE, library for regular expression matching that is tolerant to Levenshtein-style
Levenshtein_automaton
applications. Typical terminology services might include: Matching an arbitrary, user-defined text entry string (or regular expression) against a fixed internal
Terminology_server
uses the TRE approximate-match regex engine, so it is possible to write programs that do not depend on absolutely identical strings matching to function
CRM114_(program)
Israeli mathematician and computer scientist
currently-fastest algorithms for exact or approximate, sequential or parallel, and one- or multi-dimensional string matching. Galil worked with other computer
Zvi_Galil
nodes in some cases (e.g. Facebook or LinkedIn). 1-planarity 3-dimensional matching Bandwidth problem Bipartite dimension Capacitated minimum spanning tree
List_of_NP-complete_problems
Target in sport of bowling
USBC indicated that, effective August 1, 2023, it is certifying string pinsetters and string pin bowling as an independent category of equipment and competition
Bowling_pin
Bowed string instrument
abbreviated as cello (/ˈtʃɛloʊ/ CHEL-oh), is a medium-low pitched bowed string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually tuned in perfect
Cello
find the longest string (or strings) that is a substring (or are substrings) of two or more strings Matching wildcards Krauss matching wildcards algorithm:
List_of_algorithms
Regular expression denial-of-service attack
will then slow down or become unresponsive. Regular expression ("regex") matching can be done by building a finite-state automaton. Regex can be easily converted
ReDoS
Probability of shared birthdays
This can also be approximated using the following formula for the number of people necessary to have at least a 1/2 chance of matching: n ≥ 1 2 + 1 4
Birthday_problem
mining, a string kernel is a kernel function that operates on strings, i.e. finite sequences of symbols that need not be of the same length. String kernels
String_kernel
List of versions of the Java programming language
Pattern Matching for instanceof simplifies the common case of an instanceof test being immediately followed by cast, replacing if (obj instanceof String) {
Java_version_history
URL intended to improve the usability of a website
preview the approximate title of a target page in the browser if hyperlinked without title. If a tool to save web pages locally uses the string after the
Clean_URL
Bowed string instrument
context by playing the A harmonic on the D string (which is only an octave below the oboe A) and then matching the harmonics of the other strings. However
Double_bass
Sequence generating game between two players
Bewilderments", W. H. Freeman, 1988. L.J. Guibas and A.M. Odlyzko, "String Overlaps, Pattern Matching, and Nontransitive Games", Journal of Combinatorial Theory
Penney's_game
Purely statistical model of language
n-grams involving out-of-vocabulary words. n-grams were also used for approximate matching. If we convert strings (with only letters in the English alphabet)
Word_n-gram_language_model
Task of computing complete subgraphs
finding the maximum clique is both fixed-parameter intractable and hard to approximate. And, listing all maximal cliques may require exponential time as there
Clique_problem
Measure of similarity between two graphs
graph matching, such as error-tolerant pattern recognition in machine learning. The graph edit distance between two graphs is related to the string edit
Graph_edit_distance
General-purpose programming language
Haskell), including currying, immutability, lazy evaluation, and pattern matching. It also has an advanced type system supporting algebraic data types, covariance
Scala_(programming_language)
Conduit between embryo/fetus and the placenta
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo
Umbilical_cord
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
is a string z {\displaystyle z} that is close to maximizing C ( z ) {\displaystyle C(z)} . For combinatorial optimization, the quantum approximate optimization
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
Israeli computer scientist
computer scientist noted for his contributions to combinatorial pattern matching and string algorithms and is the founding department chair of the Computer Science
Gad_Landau
(Toronto) "An Approximate Max-Steiner-Tree-Packing Min-Steiner-Cut Theorem" Marcin Mucha (Warsaw), Piotr Sankowski (Warsaw) "Maximum Matchings via Gaussian
Machtey_Award
Type of algorithm, produces approximately correct solutions
more quickly when classic methods are too slow for finding an exact or approximate solution, or when classic methods fail to find any exact solution in
Heuristic_(computer_science)
Tree containing all suffixes of a given text
termed the matching statistics for P {\displaystyle P} . Find properties of the strings: Find the longest common substrings of the string S i {\displaystyle
Suffix_tree
Parser generator written in C++
template metaprogramming techniques. Expression templates allow users to approximate the syntax of extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) completely in C++. Parser
Spirit_Parser_Framework
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
<%b>\n' $'\0' <NUL>: <> Any series of characters is called a "string", or sometimes a "string literal". In Unix-like operating systems, all characters, printable
Bash_(Unix_shell)
System to help searching for information
(FSA) logic with a content addressable memory (CAM) to achieve an approximate string comparison of 80 million strings per second. The CAM cell consisted
Search_engine_(computing)
Computer hacking technique
software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not
SQL_injection
Electrical string musical instrument
the seven-string guitar, which typically adds a low B string below the low E; the eight-string guitar, which typically adds a low E or F# string below the
Electric_guitar
1953 American missing person case
hall advisor. He played string bass in a band, and drove a 1938 Chevrolet. Tammen left his Fisher Hall room at approximately 8PM on Sunday, April 19,
Disappearance of Ronald Tammen
Disappearance_of_Ronald_Tammen
Terms for tuning an instrument and a systems of pitches
different methods of adjustment: Tuning to a pitch with one's voice is called matching pitch and is the most basic skill learned in ear training. Turning pegs
Musical_tuning
Lowest energy state in quantum chromodynamics
local SU(3) gauge symmetry. Since it has many flavours of quarks, it has approximate flavour and chiral symmetry. This approximation is said to involve the
QCD_vacuum
Apple's general-purpose, open-source, compiled programming language
String and String? are fundamentally different types, the former is of type String while the latter is an Optional that may be holding some String value
Swift_(programming_language)
American serial killer and rapist (born 1950)
after a series of indecent exposure arrests. In 1975, Woodfield began a string of robberies and sexual assaults on women in Portland, which he committed
Randall_Woodfield
Maple (and variety Bosnian maple) or Sycamore Maple, most often with a matching striped figure, called "flame." Backs may be one-piece slab-cut or quarter-sawn
Violin construction and mechanics
Violin_construction_and_mechanics
2000 contemporary piece for concert band written by Eric Whitacre
in 2000. It has since had other arrangements written for full orchestra, string orchestra with percussion, brass ensemble, brass band, and mallet quartet
October_(Whitacre)
Measure of similarity and diversity between sets
techniques such as MinHashing and locality sensitive hashing are used to approximate the index using compact signatures. These algorithmic enhancements ensure
Jaccard_index
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
print(quoted_dos_path) # prints '"C:\\Foo\\Bar\\Baz\\ "' # A regular expression matching a quoted string with possible backslash quoting print(re.match(r'"(([^"\\]|\\.)*)"'
Python_syntax_and_semantics
American brand of acoustic and electric guitars and bass guitars
for using the six-string Bich and a modified 10-string Bich, both with a Kahler (Backup 1983 customized 10-string converted to 6-string, currently on display
B.C._Rich
as defined by Erickson et al. (2021). Mathematics: 10−183800 is the approximate probability that a typing "monkey", or an English-illiterate typing robot
Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)
Family of archive file formats used by 7-Zip
element). PPMd – Dmitry Shkarin's 2002 PPMdH (PPMII (Prediction by Partial matching with Information Inheritance) and cPPMII (complicated PPMII)) with small
7z
Counterintuitive result in probability
random string into nonoverlapping blocks matching the size of the desired text and make Ek the event where the kth block equals the desired string. However
Infinite_monkey_theorem
Keyboard instrument
acoustic energy to the air. When the key is released, a damper stops the string's vibration, ending the sound. Most notes have three strings, except for
Piano
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
performs two sequential matchings, where the second matching is executed after deleting all the edges of the first matching, to yield a set of cycles
Travelling_salesman_problem
Computer science string term
holes. Several algorithms have been developed for the problem of "string matching with don't cares", in which the input is a long text and a shorter
Partial_word
Concept in computing
know about the search string. On receipt of a search string for the first time, each agent checks its local machine for matching documents. Agents also
Gossip_protocol
Computing language
of the Lost Ark, b:4.47772] Gremlin supports declarative graph pattern matching similar to SPARQL. For instance, the following query below uses Gremlin's
Gremlin_(query_language)
English guitarist (born 1943)
exclusively used – open tuning is a five-string open G tuning: GDGBD. Richards often removes the lowest string from his guitar, playing with only five
Keith_Richards
Data analysis techniques for fraud detection
rely on specialized data analytics techniques such as data mining, data matching, the sounds like function, regression analysis, clustering analysis, and
Data analysis for fraud detection
Data_analysis_for_fraud_detection
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of string or bow strings, from an agent derivative of Middle English streng ‘string’. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with iron working, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Powerful
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German hærinc ‘herring’, German Hering, a nickname for someone supposedly resembling a herring or a metonymic occupational name for a fish seller. In some cases the Jewish surname is ornamental.English : variant spelling of Herring.
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Female
English
English variant spelling of Latin Serena, SERINA means "serene, tranquil."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps be a nickname from Middle English daring ‘trembling’, ‘crouching or transfixed with fear’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Spring.
Female
Romanian
Feminine form of Romanian Sorin, SORINA means "sun."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Oxfordshire and West Sussex named Goring, from Old English GÄringas ‘people of GÄra’, a short form of the various compound names with the first element gÄr ‘spear’.German (Göring) : see Goering.
Boy/Male
British, English
Spike of Grain
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Serena, SARINA means "serene, tranquil."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Strong; Caring
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Sining
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Excellent
Male
Greek
(Ζηνόβιος) Masculine form of Greek Zenobia, ZENOBIOS means "life of Zeus."Â
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon American English Teutonic
Wise advisor.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Winning the Service of Guru's Feet
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for a house by a stream, from Middle English brok(e) ‘brook’ + hous ‘house’.Americanized form of German Brockhaus.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Worshipped in three worlds
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, Portuguese, Shakespearean
Strength of a Spear; Spear Hunter; Spear Strength; Beloved Warrior
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Knight slain by Gawain.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Pure White
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
APPROXIMATE STRING-MATCHING
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
n.
One who, or that which, approximates.
n.
A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.
a.
Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.
adv.
With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.
a.
Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.
n.
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments.
a.
Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values.
v. t.
To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
imp. & p. p.
of Approximate
a.
Approaching; approximate.
imp.
of String
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
p. p.
of String
a.
Strong.