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Maneuver done by the Apollo spacecraft
Transposition, docking, and extraction (often abbreviated to transposition and docking) was a maneuver performed during Apollo lunar landing missions from
Transposition, docking, and extraction
Transposition,_docking,_and_extraction
Topics referred to by the same term
conductors of a transmission line Transposition cipher, an elementary cryptographic operation Transposition, docking, and extraction an orbital maneuver performed
Transposition
Series of orbital maneuvers
Salyut[citation needed] In the Apollo spacecraft, a maneuver known as transposition, docking, and extraction was performed an hour or so after Trans Lunar Injection
Space_rendezvous
Joining of two or more space vehicles
required first a transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver between the Apollo command and service module (CSM) mother spacecraft and the Lunar Module
Docking and berthing of spacecraft
Docking_and_berthing_of_spacecraft
Component of the Apollo spacecraft
mission required the LM to dock with the CSM on return from the Moon, and also in the transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver at the beginning
Apollo command and service module
Apollo_command_and_service_module
Second crewed Moon landing
and twenty minutes later, the CSM separated from the S-IVB, after which Gordon performed the transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver to dock with
Apollo_12
American astronaut (born 1930)
trajectory toward the Moon. About thirty minutes later, the transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver was performed: this involved separating the command
Buzz_Aldrin
American astronaut (1930–2021)
performed the transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver. This involved separating Columbia from the spent S-IVB stage, turning around, and docking with the
Michael_Collins_(astronaut)
Laws describing planetary orbits
Kepler from 1609 to 1621 in three works Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi and Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae. The laws were based on Kepler's concept
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
Aborted Moon landing mission in the Apollo program
Alexander; Waugh, Lennox J. (February 17, 2017). "Day 1: Transposition, Docking and Extraction". Apollo Lunar Flight Journal. Retrieved August 16, 2025
Apollo_13
Defining the orbit of an object in space
reference, as seen in the adjacent image. Commonly used reference planes and origins of longitude include: For geocentric orbits (e.g., artificial satellites
Longitude of the ascending node
Longitude_of_the_ascending_node
Orbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
rotation on its axis, 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (one sidereal day). The synchronization of rotation and orbital period means that, for an observer
Geosynchronous_orbit
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
bodies and the centrifugal pseudo-force balance each other. This can make Lagrange points an excellent location for satellites, as orbit corrections, and hence
Lagrange_point
Table of positions of astronomical objects at given times
In astronomy and celestial navigation, an ephemeris (/ɪˈfɛmərɪs/; pl. ephemerides /ˌɛfəˈmɛrɪˌdiːz/; from Latin ephemeris 'diary', from Ancient Greek ἐφημερίς
Ephemeris
Either of two extreme points in a celestial object's orbit
Sun. The terms aphelion and perihelion apply in the same way to the orbits of Jupiter and the other planets, the comets, and the asteroids of the Solar
Apsis
Trajectory of Earth around the Sun
96 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. The point towards which the Earth in
Earth's_orbit
American super heavy-lift expendable rocket
launch. The CSM and LM separated from the spent third stage 50 minutes later in a maneuver known as transposition, docking, and extraction. If it remained
Saturn_V
Curved path of an object around a point
(December 1972). "Rotating Black Holes: Locally Nonrotating Frames, Energy Extraction and Scalar Synchrotron Radiation". The Astrophysical Journal. 178: 347–370
Orbit
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital plane or axis of direction of the orbiting object. For a satellite
Orbital_inclination
Spacecraft end-of-life orbit
life to reduce the probability of colliding with operational spacecraft and generating space debris. A graveyard orbit is used when the change in velocity
Graveyard_orbit
Orbit around Earth between 160 and 2000 km
with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25. Most of the artificial objects in outer space
Low_Earth_orbit
Orbit around the barycenter of the Sun
by the Sun's gravity, and orbit points close to the center of the Sun ('heliocentric' in a strict sense). The outer planets, and other more distant objects
Heliocentric_orbit
Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon
then performed the transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver, separating the CSM from the S-IVB stage, turning around, and docking its nose to the
Apollo_10
Type of geocentric orbit
wavelengths, such as weather and spy satellites, and for other remote-sensing satellites, such as those carrying ocean and atmospheric remote-sensing instruments
Sun-synchronous_orbit
First crewed Moon landing (1969)
minutes and 47 seconds and started at 16:16:16 UTC. About 30 minutes later, with Collins in the left seat and at the controls, the transposition, docking, and
Apollo_11
Measure of amount of effort to change trajectory
known as "change in velocity"), symbolized as Δ v {\textstyle {\Delta v}} and pronounced /dɛltə viː/, as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure
Delta-v
Circular orbit above Earth's Equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
Nigerian prime minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa aboard the USNS Kingsport docked in Lagos on August 23, 1963. The first satellite placed in a geostationary
Geostationary_orbit
Mathematical equation describing the motion of a rocket
and can thereby move due to the conservation of momentum. The equation is named after—and usually credited to—Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, who derived and
Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Astrodynamic equation
system consisting of a central body of mass M and a much smaller, orbiting body of mass m {\displaystyle m} , and suppose the two bodies interact via a central
Orbit_equation
Orbital data format
time, the epoch. Using a suitable prediction formula, the state (position and velocity) at any point in the past or future can be estimated to some accuracy
Two-line_element_set
Movement during spaceflight
Rendezvous is commonly followed by docking or berthing, procedures which bring the spacecraft into physical contact and create a link between them. Spaceflight
Orbital_maneuver
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
interaction between the gravitational pull of the two planetary bodies and the Coriolis and centrifugal force on a spacecraft. Halo orbits exist in any three-body
Halo_orbit
Fourth crewed Moon landing
5, 2018. Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. (1998). "Transposition, Docking and Extraction". Apollo 15 Flight Journal. NASA. Archived from the original
Apollo_15
Maintenance of a particular orbit
Earth's gravity field from that of a homogeneous sphere and gravitational forces from the Sun and Moon will in general perturb the orbital plane. For a
Orbital_station-keeping
Problem in physics and celestial mechanics
motivated by the desire to understand the motions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and visible stars. The classical physical problem can be stated as follows: Each
N-body_problem
Movement around a celestial body that remains below its Karman line
usually due to a launch vehicle malfunction. Such satellites include EOS 02 and AzaadiSAT, which were deployed into a 76 km × 356 km (47 mi × 221 mi) transatmospheric
Transatmospheric_orbit
Photograph of Earth taken by Apollo 17 crew
from the original on August 18, 2025. "Apollo 17 Day 1: Transposition, Docking and Extraction". NASA. 2022. Archived from the original on October 23,
The_Blue_Marble
Earth-centered orbit above low Earth orbit and below geostationary orbit
orbit (LEO) and below a high Earth orbit (HEO) – between 2,000 and 35,786 km (1,243 and 22,236 mi) above sea level. The boundary between MEO and LEO is an
Medium_Earth_orbit
Concept in celestial mechanics
parameter μ of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of that body. For two bodies, the parameter may be expressed as
Standard gravitational parameter
Standard_gravitational_parameter
Ω, and the argument of perihelion ω. The longitude of periapsis is a compound angle, with part of it being measured in the plane of reference and the
Longitude_of_periapsis
Temporary orbit used during the launch of a spacecraft
approach the station while a Space Shuttle was docked or when a Soyuz or Progress was maneuvering to dock or depart. Charles D. Brown (1998). Spacecraft
Parking_orbit
Transfer orbit used to reach geosynchronous or geostationary orbit
Geostationary and geosynchronous orbits are very desirable for many communication and Earth observation satellites. However, the delta-v, and therefore financial
Geostationary_transfer_orbit
Topics referred to by the same term
Transposition and docking, formally Transposition, docking, and extraction, a maneuver performed in space flight Training and development, a function of human
T&D
Term in geometry; longest and shortest semidiameters of an ellipse
ellipse is its longest diameter: a line segment that runs through the center and both foci, with ends at the two most widely separated points of the perimeter
Semi-major and semi-minor axes
Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes
Parameters that define a specific orbit
in astronomy and orbital mechanics. A real orbit and its elements change over time due to gravitational perturbations by other objects and the effects
Orbital_elements
Concept in celestial mechanics
trajectory – no other forces are acting on the object, such as propulsion and friction No other gravity-producing objects exist. Although the term escape
Escape_velocity
Moment in time used as a reference point in astronomy
orbital elements of a celestial body, as they are subject to perturbations and vary with time. These time-varying astronomical quantities might include
Epoch_(astronomy)
Orbit with a fixed distance from the barycenter
case, not only the distance, but also the speed, angular speed, potential and kinetic energy are constant. There is no periapsis or apoapsis. This orbit
Circular_orbit
Fifth crewed Moon landing
performed by Mattingly and known as transposition, docking, and extraction, went smoothly. Following transposition and docking, the crew noticed the exterior
Apollo_16
Angle defining a position in an orbit
angle measured at the center of the ellipse between the orbit's periapsis and the current position. The eccentric anomaly is one of three angular parameters
Eccentric_anomaly
Time an astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object
semimajor axis a is equal to the radius of the orbit, and the orbital velocity is constant and equal to v o = G M r {\displaystyle v_{\text{o}}={\sqrt
Orbital_period
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
\right)~,} and here mean anomaly represents uniform angular motion on a circle of radius a. Mean anomaly can be calculated from the eccentricity and the true
Mean_anomaly
System for specifying positions of celestial objects
reference points available to a situated observer (e.g. the true horizon and north to an observer on Earth's surface). Coordinate systems in astronomy
Astronomical coordinate systems
Astronomical_coordinate_systems
Complex type of orbit
spiral into the hole and not fast enough to escape) enters a complex orbit pattern, bounded by a near and far distance to the hole and tracing an oscillating
Rosetta_orbit
Fuel-efficient orbital maneuver
fuel than traditional transfers. These routes work in the Earth–Moon system and also in other systems, such as between the moons of Jupiter. The drawback
Low-energy_transfer
Type of spacecraft maneuver
maneuver, is a maneuver in which a spacecraft falls into a gravity well and then uses its engines to further accelerate as it is falling, thereby achieving
Oberth_effect
Parameter of Keplerian orbits
along a Keplerian orbit. It is the angle between the direction of periapsis and the current position of the body, as seen from the main focus of the ellipse
True_anomaly
Time period during which a rocket must launch to reach its target
In the context of spaceflight, launch period is the collection of days, and launch window is the time period on a given day, during which a particular
Launch_window
Type of spacecraft orbit
orbit around the smaller of two bodies, passing outside the system's L1 and L2 Lagrange points. It is typically discussed in spacecraft orbits of natural
Distant_retrograde_orbit
Geocentric orbit with an altitude entirely above that of a geosynchronous orbit
make groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and Earth science, while also enabling global communication and navigation systems. The Moon's Hill sphere
High_Earth_orbit
The Moon's circuit around Earth
The orbit of the Moon is, while stable and known, highly complex, and as such still studied by lunar theory. Most models describe the Moon's orbit geocentrically
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Satellite orbit with high inclination
Earth's rotational velocity. Depending on the location of the launch site and the inclination of the polar orbit, the launch vehicle may lose up to 460 m/s
Polar_orbit
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
bodies and has nearly stable behavior. The CAPSTONE mission, launched in 2022, is the first spacecraft to use such orbit in cislunar space, and this Moon-centric
Near-rectilinear_halo_orbit
Range of low orbital altitudes
scenarios and for multiple applications, in both private and government satellite operations. Applications include Earth observation (especially gravity and magnetic
Very_low_Earth_orbit
Parameter in the gravitational two-body problem
of their mutual potential energy, ε p {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{p}} , and their kinetic energy, ε k {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{k}} ) to their reduced
Specific_orbital_energy
Speed at which a body orbits around the barycenter of a system
the central body and the object's specific orbital energy, sometimes called "total energy". Specific orbital energy is constant and independent of position
Orbital_speed
Highly elliptical and highly inclined synchronous orbit
(approximately 63.4°), an orbital period of one sidereal day, and a typical eccentricity between 0.2 and 0.3. A satellite placed in this orbit spends most of its
Tundra_orbit
Orbital perturbations
In astronomy and astrodynamics the osculating orbit of an object in space at a given moment in time is the orbit it would have around its central body
Osculating_orbit
Structure that contains the Saturn rocket guidance system
seconds. After translunar injection came the maneuver called transposition, docking, and extraction. This was under crew control, but the IU held the S-IVB/IU
Saturn_V_instrument_unit
Cartesian vectors of position and velocity of an orbiting body in space
In astrodynamics and celestial dynamics, the orbital state vectors (sometimes state vectors) of an orbit are Cartesian vectors of position ( r {\displaystyle
Orbital_state_vectors
Transfer manoeuvre between two orbits
geostationary orbit. In the idealized case, the initial and target orbits are both circular and coplanar. The maneuver is accomplished by placing the craft
Hohmann_transfer_orbit
Low-energy trajectories in the Solar System
problem, which, for the general case, does not have analytical solutions, and is addressed by numerical analysis approximations. However, a small number
Interplanetary Transport Network
Interplanetary_Transport_Network
Quasi-periodic orbital trajectory
bodies. In contrast, Lissajous orbits are space curves and include components in this plane and perpendicular to it. Halo orbits also include components
Lissajous_orbit
Orbit around the planet Mars
name is analogous to the term geocentric orbit for an orbit around Earth and heliocentric orbit for an orbit around the Sun. As with these other orbits
Areocentric_orbit
Orbit of an object around the Moon
In astronomy and spaceflight, a lunar orbit (also known as a selenocentric orbit) is an orbit by an object around Earth's Moon. In general these orbits
Lunar_orbit
Path on the surface of the Earth or another body directly below an aircraft or satellite
trajectory. It is also known as a suborbital track or subsatellite track, and is the vertical projection of the satellite's orbit onto the surface of the
Satellite_ground_track
Space navigation technique
the Sun) and gravity of a planet or other astronomical object to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically to save propellant and reduce expense
Gravity_assist
Amount by which an orbit deviates from a perfect circle
circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 form an elliptic orbit, 1 is a parabolic (escape orbit or capture orbit), and greater than 1 is a hyperbola. The
Orbital_eccentricity
Propulsive maneuver used to arrive at the Moon
flying passively towards the moon under its own momentum and influenced by terrestrial and lunar gravity – is called translunar coast. As the spacecraft
Trans-lunar_injection
Quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point
orbits and Lissajous orbits The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is in a libration point orbit around the L2 Lagrange point of the Sun, and Earth-Moon
Libration_point_orbit
Vector quantity in celestial mechanics
two orbiting bodies it is the vector product of their relative position and relative linear momentum, divided by the mass of the body in question. Specific
Specific_angular_momentum
Region in which an astronomical body dominates the attraction of satellites
verified in body] That moon would, in turn, have a Hill sphere of its own, and any object within that distance would tend to become a satellite of the moon
Hill_sphere
Type of orbital maneuver
astronautics and aerospace engineering, the bi-elliptic transfer is an orbital maneuver that moves a spacecraft from one orbit to another and may, in certain
Bi-elliptic_transfer
Spaceflight where spacecraft orbits an astronomical body
(50 mi); this is the boundary of space as defined by NASA, the US Air Force and the FAA. To remain in orbit at this altitude requires an orbital speed of
Orbital_spaceflight
Spacecraft launch or descent maneuver
an airless body will be assumed. The lander begins in a circular orbit docked to the command module. After separation from the command module the lander
Gravity_turn
Type of high-latitude satellite orbit
"Lightning") is a type of satellite orbit designed to provide communications and remote sensing coverage over high latitudes. It is a highly elliptical orbit
Molniya_orbit
Characteristic of conic sections
of a circle is 0. The eccentricity of a non-circular ellipse is between 0 and 1. The eccentricity of a parabola is 1. The eccentricity of a hyperbola is
Eccentricity_(mathematics)
Type of orbit around an astronomical body
a plane of reference. The orbital inclination is 0° for prograde orbits, and π (180°) for retrograde ones.[citation needed] If the plane of reference
Near-equatorial_orbit
Type of orbit
with the eccentricity (e) equal to 1 and is an unbound orbit that is exactly on the border between elliptical and hyperbolic. When moving away from the
Parabolic_trajectory
Kind of planetary orbit
high, and current public policy does not require nor incentivize rapid removal by the party that first inserted the debris in outer space and thus created
Supersynchronous_orbit
Orbit of an astronomical body equal to that body's average rotational period
average rotational period of the body being orbited (usually a planet), and in the same direction of rotation as that body. A synchronous orbit is an
Synchronous_orbit
Measure in astrodynamics
energy ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy: ϵ = 1 2 v 2 − μ r = constant = 1 2 C 3 , {\displaystyle
Characteristic_energy
Circular areosynchronous orbit in the Martian equatorial plane
equator and following the direction of Mars's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to Mars's rotational period, and so to ground
Areostationary_orbit
other than Earth and Mars and for the dwarf planet Pluto, the orbit names incorporating Greek terminology are not as established and much less commonly
List_of_orbits
Estimate of total change in velocity of a space mission
performed a powered flyby of the Moon followed by a NRHO orbit insertion burn to dock with the Gateway as it would have approached the apoapsis point of its orbit
Delta-v_budget
Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraft
to gain altitude and slow down relative to the leading craft, thus moving away from the target. The space rendezvous before docking normally takes multiple
Orbital_mechanics
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
(for geocentric orbits), argument of periastron (for orbits around stars), and so on, may be used (see apsis for more information). An argument of periapsis
Argument_of_periapsis
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1932–2020)
Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved November 21, 2018. Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. (1998). "Transposition, Docking and Extraction". Apollo
Alfred_Worden
Spaceflight maneuver
vector (delta-v) at the orbital nodes (i.e. the point where the initial and desired orbits intersect, the line of orbital nodes is defined by the intersection
Orbital_inclination_change
Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than one
and tundra orbits. Under standard assumptions, no other forces acting except two spherically symmetrical bodies ( m 1 ) {\displaystyle (m_{1})} and (
Elliptic_orbit
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION
TRANSPOSITION DOCKING-AND-EXTRACTION