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Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraft
planets, moons, and comets. Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories, including orbital maneuvers, orbital plane changes, and interplanetary
Orbital_mechanics
Curved path of an object around a point
celestial mechanics, an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object under the influence of an attracting force. Alternatively, it is known as an orbital revolution
Orbit
Branch of astronomy
planets, moons, and comets. Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories, including orbital maneuvers, orbital plane changes, and interplanetary
Celestial_mechanics
Parameters that define a specific orbit
Orbital elements are the parameters required to uniquely identify a specific orbit. In celestial mechanics these elements are considered in two-body systems
Orbital_elements
Function describing an electron in an atom
{\displaystyle m_{s}} . The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital, and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 0, 1, 2
Atomic_orbital
Elliptical orbit used to move a spacecraft from one circular orbit to another
In orbital mechanics, a transfer orbit is an intermediate elliptical orbit that is used to move a spacecraft in an orbital maneuver from one circular
Transfer_orbit
Twelfth letter of the Greek alphabet
type Antibodies In pharmacology: An important opiate receptor In orbital mechanics: Standard gravitational parameter of a celestial body, the product
Mu_(letter)
Physical constant for the strength of gravity induced by a mass
{~(km/s)^{2}} \,R_{\odot }{M_{\odot }}^{-1}.} In orbital mechanics, the period P of an object in circular orbit around a spherical object obeys G M = 3 π V
Gravitational_constant
Problem in celestial mechanics
In celestial mechanics, Lambert's problem is concerned with the determination of an orbit from two position vectors and the time of flight, posed in the
Lambert's_problem
Aerospace engineering textbook
Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students is an aerospace engineering textbook by Howard D. Curtis, in its fourth edition as of 2019[update]. The book
Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students
Orbital_Mechanics_for_Engineering_Students
Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentum
center of mass, while the orbital angular momentum is the angular momentum about a chosen center of rotation. The Earth has an orbital angular momentum by nature
Angular_momentum
Topics referred to by the same term
associated with every conic section Orbital eccentricity, in astrodynamics, a measure of the non-circularity of an orbit Eccentric anomaly, the angle between
Eccentricity
Amount by which an orbit deviates from a perfect circle
astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another
Orbital_eccentricity
Movement during spaceflight
In spaceflight, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a burn) is the use of propulsion systems to change the orbit of a spacecraft. For spacecraft far
Orbital_maneuver
Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than one
In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, an elliptical orbit or eccentric orbit is an orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1;[citation needed] this
Elliptic_orbit
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
Halo orbit A halo orbit is a periodic, non-planar orbit associated with one of the L1, L2 or L3 Lagrange points in the three-body problem of orbital mechanics
Halo_orbit
Quasi-periodic orbital trajectory
trajectory In orbital mechanics, a Lissajous orbit (pronounced [li.sa.ʒu]), named after Jules Antoine Lissajous, is a quasi-periodic orbital trajectory that
Lissajous_orbit
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital
Orbital_inclination
Speed at which a body orbits around the barycenter of a system
the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around
Orbital_speed
Transfer manoeuvre between two orbits
astronautics, the Hohmann transfer orbit (/ˈhoʊmən/) is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two orbits of different altitudes around
Hohmann_transfer_orbit
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
In orbital mechanics a near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) is a halo orbit that passes close to the smaller of two bodies and has nearly stable behavior
Near-rectilinear_halo_orbit
Circular orbit above Earth's Equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
following the direction of Earth's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to Earth's rotational period, one sidereal day, and
Geostationary_orbit
Orbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
A geosynchronous orbit (sometimes abbreviated GSO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an orbital period that matches Earth's rotation on its axis, 23 hours
Geosynchronous_orbit
American scientist (1921 – 1997)
was orbital debris and planetary defense against meteor impacts His first book, The Theory of Orbits, is an important work in orbital mechanics, being
Victor_Szebehely
Time an astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object
reciprocal is the orbital frequency, a kind of revolution frequency, in units of hertz. According to Kepler's Third Law, the orbital period T of two point
Orbital_period
{\displaystyle v\,\!} is the orbital speed of the body; relative to center of mass. r {\displaystyle r\,\!} is the orbital distance between the body and
Specific_mechanical_energy
Orbit with a fixed distance from the barycenter
periapsis or apoapsis. This orbit has no radial version. Listed below is a circular orbit in astrodynamics or celestial mechanics under standard assumptions
Circular_orbit
Method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics
chemistry, molecular orbital theory (MO theory or MOT) is a method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics. It was proposed
Molecular_orbital_theory
Simplified model of orbital relative motion
widely used for proximity operations and orbital rendezvous. Spaceflight portal Orbital maneuver Orbital mechanics Space rendezvous Clohessy, W. H.; Wiltshire
Clohessy–Wiltshire_equations
Concept in astrodynamics
In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, a hyperbolic trajectory or hyperbolic orbit (from Newtonian theory: hyperbola shape) is the trajectory of any
Hyperbolic_trajectory
Satellite orbit with high inclination
orbit to provide telecommunications services. Near-polar orbiting satellites commonly choose a sun-synchronous orbit, where each successive orbital pass
Polar_orbit
Trajectory of Earth around the Sun
center of the orbit is relatively close to the center of the Sun (relative to the size of the orbit). As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion
Earth's_orbit
Type of orbit around an astronomical body
20% loss of payload. Prussing, John E.; Conway, Bruce A. (1993). Orbital Mechanics (1st ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-19-507834-9
Near-equatorial_orbit
Map of a planet's gravity levels and anomalies
on Earth. Other methods include analysis of artificial satellite orbital mechanics, which can allow comprehensive gravity maps of planets, as has been
Gravity_map
Concept in gravitational orbital mechanics
(Latin for "living force") is a term from the history of mechanics and the name given to the orbital equation originally derived by Isaac Newton. It represents
Vis-viva_equation
Type of orbit
astrodynamics or celestial mechanics a parabolic trajectory is a Kepler orbit with the eccentricity (e) equal to 1 and is an unbound orbit that is exactly on
Parabolic_trajectory
Cartesian vectors of position and velocity of an orbiting body in space
In astrodynamics and celestial dynamics, the orbital state vectors (sometimes state vectors) of an orbit are Cartesian vectors of position ( r {\displaystyle
Orbital_state_vectors
2008 science fiction novel by Liu Cixin
system of three Sun-like stars orbiting one another, a representative example of the three-body problem in orbital mechanics. The story was originally serialized
The Three-Body Problem (novel)
The_Three-Body_Problem_(novel)
Parameter of Keplerian orbits
ν by 2π − ν) where: v is the orbital velocity vector of the orbiting body, e is the eccentricity vector, r is the orbital position vector (segment FP in
True_anomaly
Quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point
In orbital mechanics, a libration point orbit (LPO) is a quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point. Libration is a form of orbital motion exhibited
Libration_point_orbit
Process that leads to gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies
detectable gravitational waves. Orbital decay is caused by one or more mechanisms which absorb energy from the orbital motion, such as fluid friction,
Orbital_decay
Transfer orbit used to reach geosynchronous or geostationary orbit
cost to send a spacecraft to such orbits is very high due to their high orbital radius. A GTO is an intermediary orbit used to make this process more efficient
Geostationary_transfer_orbit
American aerospace engineer (1925–1995)
aerospace engineer, NASA engineer and manager. He was an early expert in orbital mechanics and coordinated mission techniques during the Apollo program. In the
Bill_Tindall
Orbital mechanics term
In orbital mechanics, Kepler's equation relates various geometric properties of the orbit of a body subject to a central force. It was derived by Johannes
Kepler's_equation
Spaceflight operation
In spaceflight an orbit insertion is an orbital maneuver which adjusts a spacecraft’s trajectory, allowing entry into an orbit around a planet, moon, or
Orbit_insertion
Spaceflight maneuver
Orbital inclination change is an orbital maneuver aimed at changing the inclination of an orbiting body's orbit. This maneuver is also known as an orbital
Orbital_inclination_change
Orbit of an object around the Moon
space Distant retrograde orbit List of orbits Near-rectilinear halo orbit Orbital mechanics Woods, W.D. (2008). "Entering lunar orbit: the LOI manoeuvre".
Lunar_orbit
Spaceflight where spacecraft orbits an astronomical body
An orbital spaceflight (or orbital flight) is a spaceflight in which a spacecraft is placed on a trajectory where it could remain in space for at least
Orbital_spaceflight
Point where an orbit crosses a plane of reference to which it is inclined
An orbital node is either of the two points where an orbiting object intersects a plane of reference inclined with respect to the orbital plane. A non-inclined
Orbital_node
co-orbit analysis Space rendezvous "Orbital Mechanics". Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-12-13. Curtis, Howard D (2014). Orbital
Orbit_phasing
equations in chaos theory n-body problem in celestial mechanics Wave action in continuum mechanics Bloch equations Continuity equation for conservation
List of named differential equations
List_of_named_differential_equations
Problem in physics and celestial mechanics
predict a planet's motion; i.e., to give its orbital properties: position, orbital diameter, period and orbital velocity. Having done so, he and others soon
N-body_problem
Type of geocentric orbit
surface. Even if an orbit remains Sun-synchronous, however, other orbital parameters such as argument of periapsis and the orbital eccentricity evolve
Sun-synchronous_orbit
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
equal to the time of its periastron. Apsidal precession Kepler orbit Orbital mechanics Orbital node Iglesias-Marzoa, Ramón; López-Morales, Mercedes; Jesús
Argument_of_periapsis
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
reference plane and the orbital plane or axis of direction of the orbiting object. Orbital inclination change – is an orbital maneuver aimed at changing
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
increasing the object's orbital period. The closer to Earth the object is, the greater this effect is. At the L1 point, the object's orbital period becomes exactly
Lagrange_point
Orbital perturbations
elements. In some situations, description of orbital motion can be simplified and approximated by choosing orbital elements that are not osculating. Also,
Osculating_orbit
Chart used to plan spacecraft launches
In orbital mechanics, a porkchop plot (also pork-chop plot) is a chart that shows level curves of equal characteristic energy (C3) against combinations
Porkchop_plot
Mixing (superposition) of atomic orbitals
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies,
Orbital_hybridisation
Orbit around Earth
to drag from the Earth's atmosphere, which decreases the orbital altitude. The rate of orbital decay depends on the satellite's cross-sectional area and
Geocentric_orbit
Moment in time used as a reference point in astronomy
applied tools of the disciplines of celestial mechanics or its subfield orbital mechanics (for predicting orbital paths and positions for bodies in motion
Epoch_(astronomy)
Orbit of an astronomical body equal to that body's average rotational period
of the satellite by the orbital radius. Due to obscure quirks of orbital mechanics, no tidally locked body in a 1:1 spin-orbit resonance (i.e. a moon locked
Synchronous_orbit
Space navigation technique
gravitational slingshot in orbital mechanics, is a type of spaceflight flyby which makes use of the relative movement (e.g. orbit around the Sun) and gravity
Gravity_assist
Classical approach to the many-body problem of astronomy
calculate the curves of the orbits or the orbital elements. Special perturbations can be applied to any problem in celestial mechanics, as it is not limited
Perturbation_(astronomy)
Path on the surface of the Earth or another body directly below an aircraft or satellite
geosynchronous orbit they lie directly on top of each other. For orbital periods longer than the Earth's rotational period, an increase in the orbital period
Satellite_ground_track
Either of two extreme points in a celestial object's orbit
across an orbit; it also refers simply to the extreme range of an object orbiting a host body (see top figure; see third figure). In orbital mechanics, the
Apsis
Parameter in the gravitational two-body problem
}{2a}}\end{aligned}}} where v {\displaystyle v} is the relative orbital speed; r {\displaystyle r} is the orbital distance between the bodies; μ = G ( m 1 + m 2 ) {\displaystyle
Specific_orbital_energy
Celestial orbit whose trajectory is a conic section in the orbital plane
classical mechanics, it also does not take into account the effects of general relativity. Keplerian orbits can be parameterized into six orbital elements
Kepler_orbit
Angle defining a position in an orbit
In orbital mechanics, the eccentric anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body that is moving along an elliptic Kepler orbit, the
Eccentric_anomaly
Orbit about a small Solar System body
Terminator orbits are spacecraft orbits about a small Solar System body in which the orbital plane is held approximately perpendicular to the body–Sun
Terminator_orbit
Type of spacecraft orbit
In orbital mechanics, a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) is a highly stable retrograde orbit around the smaller of two bodies, passing outside the system's
Distant_retrograde_orbit
Application of mechanical dynamics to model the flight of space vehicles
disciplines of propulsion, aerodynamics, and astrodynamics (orbital mechanics and celestial mechanics). It cannot be reduced to simply attitude control; real
Spacecraft_flight_dynamics
The "shape" of the orbital, spherical or otherwise; The "inclination" of the orbital, determining the magnetic moment of the orbital around the z-axis
History_of_quantum_mechanics
Topics referred to by the same term
is a colloquial term for aerospace engineering, astronautics and orbital mechanics in the context of rockets and their design. It may also include the
Rocket_science
Orbit around the barycenter of the Sun
kicks, such as that used by the ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013. Astrodynamics – Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraftPages
Heliocentric_orbit
Astrodynamic equation
Circular orbit Elliptic orbit Parabolic trajectory Hyperbolic trajectory Tsiolkovsky rocket equation Orbital speed Escape velocity Celestial mechanics There
Orbit_equation
Range of low orbital altitudes
highly elliptical orbit around Earth with a perigee as low as 80 to 90 km (50 to 56 mi), surviving for multiple orbits. Sub-orbital flight and near space
Very_low_Earth_orbit
Belgian applied mathematician
mathematician, formerly of the Université de Namur. She is an expert in orbital mechanics and orbital resonance, and their effects in the Solar System on bodies including
Anne_Lemaître
In orbital mechanics, the universal variable formulation is a method used to solve the two-body Kepler problem. It is a generalized form of Kepler's Equation
Universal variable formulation
Universal_variable_formulation
Type of spacecraft maneuver
a spacecraft to burn its fuel is at the lowest possible orbital periapsis, when its orbital velocity (and so, its kinetic energy) is greatest. In some
Oberth_effect
Way to determine a preliminary orbit from initial observations in astronomy
In orbital mechanics (a subfield of celestial mechanics), Gauss's method is used for preliminary orbit determination from at least three observations
Gauss's_method
2024 Canadian film
Gonzales Edited by Jamie Alain Music by Adam Stern Production companies Orbital Mechanics Middle Child Films Farpoint Films Distributed by Vortex Media Release
Levels_(film)
Term in geometry; longest and shortest semidiameters of an ellipse
barycentric orbital speed is 1.010 km/s, whilst the Earth's is 0.012 km/s. The total of these speeds gives a geocentric lunar average orbital speed of 1
Semi-major and semi-minor axes
Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes
American novelist (born 1972)
scientifically accurate as possible, doing extensive research into orbital mechanics, conditions on the planet Mars, the history of human spaceflight,
Andy_Weir
Type of co-orbital motion of a small orbiting body relative to a larger orbiting body
horseshoe orbit of (419624) 2010 SO16 around the Earth-Sun system over 900 years In celestial mechanics, a horseshoe orbit is a type of co-orbital motion
Horseshoe_orbit
Branch of engineering
lift and aeronautics). Astrodynamics – the study of orbital mechanics including prediction of orbital elements when given a select few variables. While
Aerospace_engineering
Mathematical equation describing the motion of a rocket
applied to orbital maneuvers in order to determine how much propellant is needed to change to a particular new orbit, or to find the new orbit as the result
Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Spacecraft end-of-life orbit
2015-03-07. "FCC Enters Orbital Debris Debate". Space.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2005. "US Government Orbital Debris Standard Practices"
Graveyard_orbit
Last letter of the Greek alphabet
the density parameter. In astronomy (orbital mechanics), Ω refers to the longitude of the ascending node of an orbit. In mathematics and computer science:
Omega
multiple-star systems where the orbital mechanics can lead to exotic day–night or seasonal cycles, while others do not orbit any star at all. More fancifully
Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction
Region in space where a satellite orbit is stable
In astronomy and orbital mechanics, the Laplace sphere concerns a specific kind of Three-body problem with orbits. The prototype idea is to study the Sun-Earth-Moon
Laplace_sphere
Measure of amount of effort to change trajectory
see: Orbital mechanics § Interplanetary Transport Network and fuzzy orbits. C3 Escape orbit GEO Geosynchronous orbit GTO Geostationary transfer orbit L4/5
Delta-v
Energy level of a quantum system
In quantum mechanics, an energy level is degenerate if it corresponds to two or more different measurable states of a quantum system. Conversely, two
Degenerate_energy_levels
Semi-annual astronomical event where the Sun is directly above the Earth's equator
Worldwide. pp. 69ff. ISBN 978-0-7387-1080-8. Curtis, Howard D. (2013). Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 188ff. ISBN 978-0-08-097748-5
Equinox
The Moon's circuit around Earth
needed][relevant?] However, because the orbital velocity of the Moon around Earth (1 km/s) is small compared to the orbital velocity of Earth about the Sun (30 km/s)
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Angular speed required for a body to complete one orbit
In orbital mechanics, mean motion (represented by n) is the angular speed required for a body to complete one orbit, assuming constant speed in a circular
Mean_motion
Horizontal angle from north or other reference cardinal direction
series on Astrodynamics Orbital mechanics Orbital elements Apsis Argument of periapsis Eccentricity Inclination Mean anomaly Orbital nodes Semi-major axis
Azimuth
Unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero
mechanics that involve masses distributed in space, such as the linear and angular momentum of planetary bodies and rigid body dynamics. In orbital mechanics
Center_of_mass
Constant used in orbital mechanics
used in the orbital mechanics of the Solar System. It relates the orbital period to the orbit's semi-major axis and the mass of the orbiting body in Solar
Gaussian gravitational constant
Gaussian_gravitational_constant
apocalypse. Eclipses that occur at different times than predicted reveal orbital disruption in R. C. Sherriff's 1939 novel The Hopkins Manuscript and the
Sun_in_fiction
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