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Astrogeological concept
planetary differentiation is mediated by partial melting with heat from radioactive isotope decay and planetary accretion. Planetary differentiation has
Planetary_differentiation
Hypothesis of the formation of the Moon
to produce a global magma ocean, and evidence of the resultant planetary differentiation of the heavier material sinking into Earth's mantle has been documented
Giant-impact_hypothesis
Innermost layer(s) of a planet
planets into gas-giant cores. This is the planetary core accretion model of planet formation. Planetary differentiation is broadly defined as the development
Planetary_core
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Differentiation, differentiation, differentiate, or undifferentiated in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Differentiation may refer to: Product
Differentiation
Scientific dating of the Earth
age corresponds to the final stages of Earth's accretion and planetary differentiation during the early Hadean eon. Estimates are based on radiometric
Age_of_Earth
Types of planet by chemical mass
S.; Sozzetti, A.; Lovis, C.; et al. (2014). "Characterization of the planetary system Kepler-101 with HARPS-N: A hot super-Neptune with an Earth-sized
List_of_planet_types
Planetary-mass bodies that are also natural satellites
partial melting and differentiation and/or from tidal or radiogenic heating, in some cases forming a subsurface ocean. Planetary-mass moons are sometimes
Planetary-mass_moon
Scientific study of celestial objects
spacecraft. Processes studied include planetary differentiation; the generation of, and effects created by, a planetary magnetic field; and the creation of
Astronomy
Model in planetary science
model of planetary science that describes the first stage of planetary differentiation and core formation. According to this model, a planetary body is
Rain-out_model
Large area of molten rock on the surface of a planet
Chondrite Planetary differentiation Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. (2012). "Magma Oceans in the Inner Solar System". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Magma_ocean
Large planetary embryo
surface. Such a process is known as planetary differentiation. The composition of some meteorites show that differentiation took place in some asteroids. In
Protoplanet
Geochemical classification
low-density minerals that thus rose towards the crust during planetary differentiation. The more soluble minerals formed by the alkali metals tend to
Goldschmidt_classification
Layer of rock that forms the continents and continental shelves
continental crust has remained more or less the same after early rapid planetary differentiation of Earth and that presently found age distribution is just the
Continental_crust
energy released by heavier materials sinking toward the core (planetary differentiation, the iron catastrophe) as well as decay of radioactive elements
Earth's_magnetic_field
Interior of the earth
denser substances to sink toward the center in a process called planetary differentiation (see also the iron catastrophe), while less-dense materials would
Internal_structure_of_Earth
Natural physical entity in space
body 4 Vesta is large enough to have undergone at least partial planetary differentiation. Stars like the Sun are also spheroidal due to gravity's effects
Astronomical_object
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
element which mostly sank along with iron into Earth's core during planetary differentiation. Instead, iridium is more common in comets and asteroids. Because
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Accounting of heat created within the Earth
and a convecting mantle. Geothermal energy Geothermal gradient Planetary differentiation Thermal history of the Earth Anthropogenic heat Media related
Earth's_internal_heat_budget
Possible geologic event in Earth's early history
deep global silicate magma. This event, an important process of planetary differentiation, occurred at about 500 million years into the formation of the
Iron_catastrophe
Solid debris from outer space that hits a planetary surface
preserve information about processes such as planetesimal formation, planetary differentiation, thermal evolution, and early collisional history. Meteorites
Meteorite
Class of stony meteorites made of round grains
were never part of any body large enough to undergo melting and planetary differentiation. Dating using 206Pb/204Pb gives an estimated age of 4,566.6 ±
Chondrite
Moon of Uranus
convection movements in its substrate and allowed the start of planetary differentiation. At the same time, these phenomena would have only slightly disturbed
Miranda_(moon)
Layer inside a planetary-mass object
most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density. All terrestrial
Mantle_(geology)
Science of planets and planetary systems
Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of celestial bodies (such as planets (including Earth), moons, asteroids, comets)
Planetary_science
Liquid water naturally occurring outside Earth
astrobiologists and planetary scientists use habitable zone, gravitational and tidal theory, models of planetary differentiation and radiometry to determine
Extraterrestrial_liquid_water
Chemical element with atomic number 14 (Si)
Further fractionation took place in the formation of the Earth by planetary differentiation: Earth's core, which makes up 31.5% of the mass of the Earth,
Silicon
American geologist and geochemist
range of topics: magma genesis, differentiation, and degassing; continental and oceanic crustal construction; planetary accretion and core formation; trace-element
Kenneth_Sims_(geologist)
Feldspar mineral series
source of aluminium. Minerals portal Hypersolvus List of minerals Planetary differentiation Subsolvus Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
Plagioclase
remain intact and remain attached. In differentiated bodies, the surface is where the crust meets the planetary boundary layer. Anything below this is
Planetary_surface
radionuclide used in hafnium–tungsten dating to study the chronology of planetary differentiation. Other isotopes have been synthesized running from 153Hf to 192Hf
Isotopes_of_hafnium
Stony main-belt asteroid
planetary differentiation in its past. The overabundance of A-type asteroids in its family additionally support partial or complete differentiation.
15_Eunomia
Science that applies chemistry to analyze geological systems
is determined by two opposing processes: differentiation and mixing. In the Earth's mantle, differentiation occurs at mid-ocean ridges through partial
Geochemistry
Orbital and friction heating on a planet or moon oceans, or interior
Cryovolcano Tidal acceleration Tidal locking Io Volcano Observer Planetary differentiation Peale, S.J.; Cassen, P.; Reynolds, R.T. (1979). "Melting of Io
Tidal_heating
Chemical substance not composed of simpler ones
because it has migrated to the Earth's core during the process of planetary differentiation. The composition of the human body, by contrast, more closely
Chemical_element
Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life
Planetary habitability is a measure used in astrobiology to characterize a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain an environment
Planetary_habitability
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
129Xe/130Xe and 136Xe/130Xe are a powerful tool for understanding planetary differentiation and early outgassing. For example, the atmosphere of Mars shows
Xenon
Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System
A planetary mnemonic refers to a phrase created to remember the planets and belts of smaller bodies of the Solar System, with the order of words corresponding
Planetary_mnemonic
dwarf planet, or other planetary-mass object, but excluding smaller objects such as planetesimals. planetary differentiation The process of separating
Glossary_of_astronomy
Group of highly reactive chemical elements
remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to planetary differentiation, the core region is believed to be primarily composed of iron
Alkali_metal
Volcano that erupts gases and volatile material
indicated that all three have experienced internal melting and planetary differentiation in their pasts. The presence of volatiles on their surfaces indicates
Cryovolcano
Layer in a newly formed planet
composition through impacts with differentiated planetesimals. During this accretionary phase, planetary differentiation separated the Earth's core, where
Primitive_mantle
Systems of grouping meteorites based on shared characteristics
meteorites that have a complex origin involving asteroidal or planetary differentiation). The iron meteorites were traditionally divided into objects
Meteorite_classification
Separation of materials resulting in a distinct planetary mantle and core
bodies in the primordial magma ocean were involved in the differentiation process. The differentiation process is driven by the higher density of iron compared
Core–mantle_differentiation
Laws describing planetary orbits
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion give good approximations for the orbits of planets around the Sun. They were published by Johannes Kepler
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
Geochronological radiometric dating method using radioactive decay of hafnium-182
if differentiation occurred later in a planet's history, then most of the hafnium-182 would have decayed to tungsten-182 before differentiation began
Hafnium–tungsten_dating
Small planetary-mass object
likeliest dwarf planets and dates of discovery A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to
Dwarf_planet
Geology of fourth planet from the Sun
Mars is a terrestrial planet, which has undergone the process of planetary differentiation. The InSight lander mission is designed to study the deep interior
Geology_of_Mars
Branch of astronomy
ago. Other meteorites have been modified by either melting or planetary differentiation of the parent body. Analyzing the composition of meteorites provides
Dust_astronomy
Largest moon of Jupiter
increased differentiation: an inner, iron–iron-sulfide core and a silicate mantle formed. With this, Ganymede became a fully differentiated body. By comparison
Ganymede_(moon)
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
planets, of which Earth is one. The Solar System is an isolated single-star planetary system (not part of a larger star system) within the Milky Way Galaxy
Solar_System
Second-largest moon of Jupiter
for rapid differentiation. The slow convection in the interior of Callisto, which commenced soon after formation, led to partial differentiation and possibly
Callisto_(moon)
Largest natural satellite of Pluto
dwarf planet Pluto. It has a mean radius of 606 km (377 mi). Charon is a planetary-mass moon and the sixth-largest known trans-Neptunian object after Pluto
Charon_(moon)
Increasing mineral diversity over time
them. Processes that separate and concentrate elements include planetary differentiation (for example, separation into layers such as a core and mantle);
Mineral_evolution
Fluid layer between Earth's solid inner core and its mantle
Kosuke (2015-10-01). "Planetary and meteoritic Mg/Si and δ30Si variations inherited from solar nebula chemistry". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 427:
Earth's_outer_core
1992 American TV series or program
time, including its internal structure – through the process of planetary differentiation – and development and retention of an internal heat engine, its
Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology
Earth_Revealed:_Introductory_Geology
Large, round non-stellar astronomical object
materials near the surface. Each therefore has a differentiated interior consisting of a dense planetary core surrounded by a mantle that either is or was
Planet
Study of extraterrestrial oceans
Planetary oceanography, also called astro-oceanography or exo-oceanography, is the study of oceans on planets and moons other than Earth. This field developed
Planetary_oceanography
Geologic process in formation of some igneous rocks
In geology, igneous differentiation, or magmatic differentiation, is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change
Igneous_differentiation
research focuses on the chemical processes occurring during early planetary differentiation. JPL · 7454 7455 Podosek 1981 EQ26 Frank A. Podosek (born 1941)
Meanings of minor-planet names: 7001–8000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_7001–8000
Astronomical body that orbits a planet
generically for natural satellites. In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 455 natural satellites with confirmed
Natural_satellite
Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt
aluminium-26). These may have been sufficient to allow Ceres to differentiate into a rocky planetary core and icy mantle, or even a liquid water ocean, soon after
Ceres_(dwarf_planet)
Accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter
combine to produce Moon-size planetary embryos (protoplanets) over roughly 0.1–1 million years. Finally, the planetary embryos collide to form planets
Accretion_(astrophysics)
Ring of cosmic dust orbiting an astronomical object
planets, moonlets, or stellar objects. Ring systems are best known as planetary rings, common components of satellite systems around giant planets such
Ring_system
Curved path of an object around a point
orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Planets revolve around a star, a natural satellite around a planet
Orbit
Second largest main-belt asteroid
"Numerical simulations of the differentiation of accreting planetesimals with 26Al and 60Fe as the heat sources". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 42 (9): 1529–1548
4_Vesta
The radii of these objects range over three orders of magnitude, from planetary-mass objects like dwarf planets and some moons to the planets and the
List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System
Astronomical theory about the Solar System
explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests the Solar System was formed from gas and dust orbiting
Nebular_hypothesis
Methods to prevent destructive asteroid hits
virtual impactor based on a simulated exercise conducted by the 2021 Planetary Defense Conference. In 2022, NASA spacecraft DART impacted Dimorphos,
Asteroid_impact_avoidance
Insights" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-12-16. "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters"
List of Solar System objects by size
List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size
Binary star in the constellation Centaurus
during the molten stage of planet formation; a process known as planetary differentiation. Observations with the Very Large Telescope and the Herschel Space
HD_113766
Similarities and differences between planets
the Sun provides examples and places constraints on the differentiation process. Differentiation itself is evaluated indirectly, by the mineralogy of a
Comparative_planetary_science
Largest dwarf planet
Kuiper belt. It was immediately hailed as the ninth planet. However, its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected
Pluto
Reconnaissance mission of the main belt asteroid 16 Psyche
space mission launched on October 13, 2023, to explore the origin of planetary cores by orbiting and studying the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche beginning
Psyche_(spacecraft)
important contributions towards understanding the process of planetary differentiation in the early Solar System. IAU · 27529 27530 Daveshuck 2000 HC66
Meanings of minor-planet names: 27001–28000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_27001–28000
Stony meteorite that does not contain chondrules
"Numerical simulations of the differentiation of accreting planetesimals with 26Al and 60Fe as the heat sources". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 42 (9): 1529–1548
Achondrite
Meteorite composed of iron-nickel alloy called meteoric iron
"Numerical simulations of the differentiation of accreting planetesimals with 26Al and 60Fe as the heat sources". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 42 (9): 1529–1548
Iron_meteorite
Branch of mathematics
led to their development of the laws of differentiation and integration, their emphasis that differentiation and integration are inverse processes, their
Calculus
Hypothetical planet with no metallic core
iron reacts with water to form iron oxide and release hydrogen before differentiation of a metal core has taken place. Provided the iron droplets are well
Coreless_planet
Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies
mantle). The crusts of Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, the Moon and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes and were later modified by erosion
Crust_(geology)
Substellar object
Brown dwarfs may be fully convective, with no layers or chemical differentiation by depth. Though their existence was initially theorized in the 1960s
Brown_dwarf
Larger of the two moons of Mars
on Greek mythology, in which Phobos is a companion to the god, Ares. Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical
Phobos_(moon)
low-density) bodies and larger, denser, brighter, and geologically differentiated planetary bodies (such as dwarf planets). Bodies in this size range should
List of possible dwarf planets
List_of_possible_dwarf_planets
insight that planetary orbits are not circular as had been previously assumed but elliptical and introduced a set of three laws of planetary motion. Kepler's
Solar_System_in_fiction
Male adult human
aspects of male sex differentiation. Sex differentiation in males proceeds in a testes-dependent way while female differentiation is not gonad dependent
Man
Largest moon of Neptune
Triton is the seventh-largest moon in the Solar System, the second-largest planetary moon in relation to its primary (after Earth's Moon), and larger than
Triton_(moon)
important part in the growth of especially terrestrial planets from so-called planetary embryos. Detections of individual collisions are nevertheless rare and
List of extrasolar planetary collisions
List_of_extrasolar_planetary_collisions
Either of two extreme points in a celestial object's orbit
/ˈæpsɪˌdiːz/ AP-sih-deez) is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body. The line of apsides (also called apse line
Apsis
American planetary scientist
Lindy Elkins-Tanton is an American planetary scientist and professor whose research concerns terrestrial planetary evolution. She is the Principal Investigator
Lindy_Elkins-Tanton
Main-belt asteroid
"High-calcium pyroxene as an indicator of igneous differentiation in asteroids and meteorites", Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 39 (8): 1343–1357, Bibcode:2004M&PS
808_Merxia
Process of rock formation
igneous rocks because it is one of the main processes of magmatic differentiation. Fractional crystallization is also important in the formation of sedimentary
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Fractional_crystallization_(geology)
Deprecated term formerly used in meteoritics
accretion and differentiation of iron meteorite parent bodies inferred from 182Hf–182W chronometry and thermal modeling". Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Nonmagmatic_meteorite
Second planet from the Sun
thought to have formed in 5 stages: dust settling, planetesimal formation, planetary embryos, giant impacts, and finally formation of atmospheres. Limited
Venus
Branch of science about the natural world
science. There are also interdisciplinary fields such as astrophysics, planetary sciences, and cosmology, along with allied disciplines such as space physics
Natural_science
Maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can support
the nine planetary boundaries for safe use of the biosphere and is pressing hard on several more. By itself, crossing one of the planetary boundaries
Carrying_capacity
Largest moon of Saturn
Huygens, Titan was the first known moon of Saturn and the sixth known planetary satellite (after Earth's moon and the four Galilean moons of Jupiter)
Titan_(moon)
Natural satellite orbiting Saturn
Enceladus, most recently Samaria Rupes, formerly called Samaria Fossa. Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical
Enceladus
Solid objects in protoplanetary disks and debris disks
composition might reveal the conditions in the Solar Nebula from which our planetary system was formed. The most primitive planetesimals visited by spacecraft
Planetesimal
Fourth planet from the Sun
2022. "Planetary Names: Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites". International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System
Mars
Void between celestial bodies
to maintain the safety and health of the space environment, as well as planetary environments. Similar to sustainability initiatives on Earth, space sustainability
Outer_space
State of balance between external forces on a fluid and internal pressure gradient
forces, such as gravity, are balanced by a pressure-gradient force. In the planetary physics of Earth, the pressure-gradient force prevents gravity from collapsing
Hydrostatic_equilibrium
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Without Differentiation
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Without Differentiation
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Benevolent; Name of a King
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Meadow Near the Lake
Boy/Male
Arabic, Gaelic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Of Allah; Creator; Deity; Sharp; Pointed
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
A Wise Lady
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Christian, Farsi, Iranian, Muslim
Gazelle; Beautiful; A Plant
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Indian
The abaser
Boy/Male
Muslim
Challenging, Showing openly
Girl/Female
Indian
Brilliant, Beautiful, Passionate, Woman
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Swedish
Pearl
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION
a.
Caused by planets.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.
n.
The supposed act or tendency in being of every kind, whether organic or inorganic, to assume or produce a more complex structure or functions.
a.
Of or pertaining to a plane.
a.
Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
n.
A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and daily or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.
n.
In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs.
n.
The act of differentiating.
a.
Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of classification.
a.
Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.
a.
Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.
a.
In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.
n.
In the theory of evolution: The process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent. It is supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in development.
a.
Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of parts.
n.
One of a class of independent, isolated cells found in the mesoderm, while the germ layers are undergoing differentiation.
a.
Under the dominion or influence of a planet.
a.
Not differentiated; specifically (Biol.), homogenous, or nearly so; -- said especially of young or embryonic tissues which have not yet undergone differentiation (see Differentiation, 3), that is, which show no visible separation into their different structural parts.
n.
The gradual formation or production of organs or parts by a process of evolution or development, as when the seed develops the root and the stem, the initial stem develops the leaf, branches, and flower buds; or in animal life, when the germ evolves the digestive and other organs and members, or when the animals as they advance in organization acquire special organs for specific purposes.
n.
The act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its different, or specific difference; exact definition or determination.
n.
The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.