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Toxin produced by a fungus
A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης mykes, "fungus" and τοξικός toxikos, "poisonous") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi and is capable of
Mycotoxin
Chemical compound
T-2 mycotoxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin. It is a naturally occurring mold byproduct of Fusarium spp. fungus which is toxic to humans and other animals
T-2_mycotoxin
Harmful effects of molds
harmful health effects of molds (moulds in British English) and their mycotoxins. Molds are ubiquitous in the biosphere, and mold spores are a common component
Mold_and_human_health
Toxin found in animal feed
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, commonly detected as contaminants in agricultural commodities globally. Exposure to
Mycotoxins_in_animal_feed
Chemical compound
Zearalenone (ZEN), also known as RAL and F-2 mycotoxin, is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium and Gibberella species. Specifically
Zearalenone
Academic journal
The World Mycotoxin Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering mycotoxins. It is published by Wageningen Academic Publishers. It is indexed
World_Mycotoxin_Journal
Wooly, dust-like fungal structure or substance
the body, or from the effects of ingested or inhaled toxic compounds (mycotoxins) produced by molds. There are thousands of known species of mold fungi
Mold
Large family of chemically related mycotoxins
Trichothecenes constitute a large group of chemically related mycotoxins. They are produced by fungi of the genera Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma,
Trichothecene
Purported chemical weapon
secretary of state Alexander Haig accused the Soviet Union of supplying T-2 mycotoxin to the communist states in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia for use in counterinsurgency
Yellow_rain
Chemical compound
Satratoxin-H, a trichothecene mycotoxin, is a naturally occurring toxin produced by the ascomycetes Stachybotrys chartarum and Trichoderma cornu-damae
Satratoxin-H
product called Antitox Plus, the first product available that ‘binds’ mycotoxins through a process known as adsorption. 1988: Biomin signed a research
Biomin
Xenoestrogens produced by fungi
xenoestrogens produced by fungi. They are sometimes referred to as estrogenic mycotoxins. Some important mycoestrogens are zearalenone, zearalenol and zearalanol
Mycoestrogen
Study of toxins produced by fungi
toxins produced by fungi, known as mycotoxins. In the food industry it is important to adopt measures that keep mycotoxin levels as low as practicable, especially
Mycotoxicology
Food intended for consumption by dogs usually made from meat
levels of various mycotoxins (discussed below), while none of the grain-free dry diets tested had any detectable levels of mycotoxins. Feed grade (lower
Dog_food
Group of poisons produced by molds
USDA, "They are probably the best known and most intensively researched mycotoxins in the world." The fungi grow in soil, decaying vegetation and various
Aflatoxin
Species of fungus
significant producer of mycotoxins, particularly trichothecenes. Although mainly infecting crops, F. sporotrichioides-derived mycotoxins can have repercussions
Fusarium_sporotrichioides
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
diseases, and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals, including
Fungus
Species of plant of genus Silybum in family Asteraceae
Milk thistle based supplements have been measured to have the highest mycotoxin concentrations of up to 37 mg/kg when compared to various plant-based
Silybum_marianum
Species of fungus
vegetables. This species is described as not known to be able to produce mycotoxins, however it has been frequently reported to infect animals such as cattle
Mucor_circinelloides
Fungal disease of cereals
contamination by mycotoxins produced by the fungi already when the crop is growing in the field. The disease can cause severe economic losses as mycotoxin-contaminated
Fusarium_ear_blight
Beer made from maize, corn, and sorghum
and maize used as ingredients in umqombothi often are contaminated by mycotoxin-producing molds Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp. and
Umqombothi
Dried, fermented, and smoked skipjack tuna
cats sold at pet stores. As a topping for ramen mixed with salt. The mycotoxin beta-nitropropionic acid has been found on katsuobushi as well as in miso
Katsuobushi
Chemical compound
Roquefortine C is a mycotoxin that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines produced by various fungi, particularly species from
Roquefortine_C
Species of fungus
infected with C. globosum to resist bacterial diseases. The cytochalasin mycotoxins, chaetoglobosins A and C, disrupt cellular division and movement in mammalian
Chaetomium_globosum
Mycotoxin
Roridin E is a mycotoxin of the trichothecene group. In nature it is mainly found in fungi of the Fusarium and Myrothecium species. The Fusarium and Myrothecium
Roridin_E
Species of fungus
There are two chemotypes in S. chartarum, one that produces trichothecene mycotoxins such as satratoxin H and one that produces atranones. S. chartarum is
Stachybotrys_chartarum
Chemical compound
Agaritine is an aromatic hydrazine-derivative mycotoxin in mushroom species of the genus Agaricus. It is an α-aminoacid and a derivative of phenylhydrazine
Agaritine
Species of fungus
niger produces a wide variety of secondary metabolites, some of which are mycotoxins called ochratoxins, such as ochratoxin A. Contamination by filamentous
Aspergillus_niger
Species of fungus
produce the toxin ochratoxin A, one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins, and citrinin. It also produces the dihydroisocoumarin mellein. It is
Aspergillus_ochraceus
Liquid extracted from sugarcane
sugarcane juice in Egypt may pose health risks due to contamination with the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1. Sugarcane juice, known locally as caldo
Sugarcane_juice
Chemical compound
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a mycotoxin which is severely toxic to humans. It is a potent suicidal inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme
3-Nitropropionic_acid
Plant-derived xenoestrogen
Frisvad JC, et al. (2015). "Review on Mycotoxin Issues in Ruminants: Occurrence in Forages, Effects of Mycotoxin Ingestion on Health Status and Animal
Phytoestrogen
Toxin produced by microorganisms
ability to produce a "killer toxin". Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are constructed by microfungi. Mycotoxins can be harmful because they can cause
Microbial_toxin
Species of fungus
remaining grain with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), which inhibits protein biosynthesis; and zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin. These toxins cause
Gibberella_zeae
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
mycotoxicosis refers to the effect of poisoning by mycotoxins through food consumption. The term mycotoxin is usually reserved for the toxic chemical compounds
Foodborne_illness
Species of fungus
fatalities as they contain an often fatal dose of the macrocyclic terpenoid mycotoxin satratoxin-H. The species was originally described as Hypocrea cornu-damae
Trichoderma_cornu-damae
Type of mycotoxin
Nivalenol (NIV) is a mycotoxin of the trichothecene group. In nature it is mainly found in fungi of the Fusarium species. The Fusarium species belongs
Nivalenol
Chemicals that result in blistering and skin irritation and damaging
though some naturally occurring terpenoids such as cantharidin and T2 mycotoxin fall under this class. Exposure to blister agents is widely incapacitating
Blister_agent
Accuser in the Salem witch trials
14, 2005. Retrieved June 18, 2015. Woolf, Alan (2000). "Witchcraft or Mycotoxin? The Salem Witch Trials". Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology.
Abigail_Williams
Genus of fungi
members of the skin microbiome.[not verified in body] Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter
Fusarium
Chemical compound
Citrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates long-stored food and it can cause
Citrinin
Chemical compound
F, Ritieni A, Piva G, Pietri A (2005). "Mycotoxins in the human food chain.". In Diaz DE (ed.). The Mycotoxin Blue Book. Nottingham, UK: Nottingham University
Aflatoxin_B1
Species of fungus
capable of producing harmful secondary metabolites (alkaloids and other mycotoxins) under certain growth conditions. Aristolochene is a sesquiterpenoid compound
Penicillium_roqueforti
Species of fungus
slow radial growth, fluffy mycelia. Produces cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a mycotoxin. P. camemberti var. "caseifulvum", the lineage found in cheeses other
Penicillium_camemberti
Medical controversy
Benzene in soft drinks Bisphenol A Dieldrin Diethylstilbestrol Dioxins Mycotoxins Nonylphenol Shellfish poisoning Food fraud Bread Breast milk Egg Olive
Seed_oil_misinformation
In 1891, Junjiro Sakaki began studying molded rice and inferred that mycotoxins contained in the rice were linked to paralysis. In 1937, the research
Yellowed_rice
Topics referred to by the same term
kit T2 (social), later Pebble, a social platform T-2 mycotoxin, a type of trichothecene mycotoxin, a naturally occurring mold byproduct of certain species
T2
Topics referred to by the same term
glutamine analog and enzyme inhibitor Deoxynivalenol (DON), a type of mycotoxin "-don", a taxonomic suffix meaning "tooth" in scientific names Dysbaric
Don
Species of fungus
temperature range of 15–20 °C (59–68 °F), this species is able to produce the mycotoxin, ochratoxin A (OTA). The fungus is tolerant of low pH and has a preference
Aspergillus_tubingensis
Pharmaceutical compound
purpurea) detected in Western Canadian grains from 2014 to 2016". World Mycotoxin Journal. 11 (2): 259–264. doi:10.3920/WMJ2017.2241. ISSN 1875-0710. Ergocristine
Ergovalide
Cry34Ab1 Virulence factor Clumping factor A Fibronectin binding protein A Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin
Notexin
Fungal toxic chemical in grains
deoxynivalenol (DON), is a type B trichothecene, an epoxy-sesquiterpenoid. This mycotoxin occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and corn
Vomitoxin
Species of fungus
aflatoxins are mainly characteristic of Aspergillus species. The ability for mycotoxins to diffuse from the mycelium into the environment depends on its water
Mucor_mucedo
Israeli biotech company
specific impact on the biochemical market, especially in the field of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by molds in human food and farm animal
Fermentek
Topics referred to by the same term
classical genetics F2 layer, a stratum of the Earth's ionosphere F-2 mycotoxin or zearalenone, a chemical produced by fungi NIST-F2, an atomic clock
F2
Species of fungus
Schnürer, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. (2005). "Secondary metabolite and mycotoxin production by the Rhizopus microsporus group". Journal of Agricultural
Rhizopus_oligosporus
Chemical compound
such as MMH and its relatives. MMH is believed to be the primary active mycotoxin found in the false morel (Gyromitra esculenta). In these cases, MMH is
Monomethylhydrazine
Chemical compound
carcinogenicity of the fungus, isolation and chemical characterization of the mycotoxins and carcinogens produced by F. verticillioides was urgent. It was not
Fumonisin_B1
Candidalysin is a cytolytic 31-amino acid α-helical amphipathic peptide toxin secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. This toxin is a
Candidalysin
Chemical compound
and Penicillium species—is one of the most-abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins. It is also a frequent contaminant of water-damaged houses and of heating
Ochratoxin_A
Species of bacterium
(2020). "Mycotoxin management in a developing country context: A critical review of strategies aimed at decreasing dietary exposure to mycotoxins in Zimbabwe"
Bacillus_cereus
Medical condition
completely defined. Currently, the accepted potential causes of KBD include mycotoxins present in grain, trace mineral deficiency in nutrition, and high levels
Kashin–Beck_disease
Sweet drink of Spanish origin
Spanish Club Blog. 12 June 2022. Weidenbörner, Martin (24 January 2014). Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781461487272 –
Horchata
Chemical compound
propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid are found in natural products such as the mycotoxins fumonisins B1 and B2 and AAL toxin TA, and in macrocyclic inhibitors of
Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic_acid
Species of fungus
differences. Aspergillus parasiticus is one of three fungi able to produce the mycotoxin, aflatoxin, one of the most carcinogenic naturally occurring substances
Aspergillus_parasiticus
Chemical compound
Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing mycotoxin that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines produced by several species of fungi,
Gliotoxin
Species of fungus
reported as edible, it may resemble poisonous species and itself contains a mycotoxin. Elias Magnus Fries described the species in 1838. The cap is 4 to 13
Cortinarius_armillatus
Type of single-cell fungal protein
not all strains involved in mycoprotein production are known to produce mycotoxins in very low concentrations, amongst others some strains of F. venenatum
Mycoprotein
Species of fungus
cooking does not eliminate all toxins. When consumed, the principal active mycotoxin, gyromitrin, is hydrolyzed into the toxic compound monomethylhydrazine
Gyromitra_esculenta
Protein-coding gene in humans
circadian rhythm hormone transport response to organic substance response to mycotoxin response to organic cyclic compound response to isoquinoline alkaloid
ABCB4
Species of fungus
S2CID 11548015. Goswami, R.S.; Dong, Y.; Punja, Z.K. (2008). "Host range and mycotoxin production by Fusarium equiseti isolates originating from ginseng fields"
Fusarium_equiseti
Cheese with blue veins of mold
greenish blue moldy aspect of blue cheese, produces several mycotoxins. While mycotoxins like roquefortine, isofumigaclavine A, mycophenolic acid and
Blue_cheese
Procedure for preparing corn to eat
its nutritional value is increased, flavor and aroma are improved, and mycotoxins are reduced by up to 97–100% (for aflatoxins). Lime and ash are highly
Nixtamalization
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
circadian rhythm response to toxic substance response to zinc ion response to mycotoxin response to amine response to estradiol response to lipopolysaccharide
Argininosuccinate synthetase 1
Argininosuccinate_synthetase_1
environmental contaminants, food ingredients (such as iodine), heavy metals, mycotoxins, natural toxins, improper storage, processing contaminants, and veterinary
List of food contamination incidents
List_of_food_contamination_incidents
Genus of fungi
samples. The fungus is often found growing on indoor plants. Although no mycotoxin has been reported from this fungus, it may cause hay fever, asthma and
Botrytis_(fungus)
Neurotoxic phospholipase
Cry34Ab1 Virulence factor Clumping factor A Fibronectin binding protein A Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin
Taipoxin
Chemical compound
2014). Fusarium: Mycotoxins, Taxonomy, Pathogenicity. Elsevier Science. pp. 85–. ISBN 978-1-4832-9785-9. Magan N, Olsen M (2004). Mycotoxins in Food: Detection
Α-Zearalenol
Species of fungus
grown on certain building materials can produce genotoxic and cytotoxic mycotoxins, such as gliotoxin. Aspergillus fumigatus has a stable haploid genome
Aspergillus_fumigatus
Species of fungus
moldy homes and is a major producer of the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. Like other Aspergillus species, A. versicolor is an
Aspergillus_versicolor
American entrepreneur and author (born 1973)
"Upgraded Coffee" alleged to omit mycotoxins. Physician David Bach says that coffee producers are already able to remove mycotoxins from their products and that
Dave_Asprey
Species of fungus
produce conidiophores and to grow towards adjacent eggs. Paecilotoxin is a mycotoxin isolated from the fungus. Its significance is unknown. Khan et al. (2003)
Purpureocillium_lilacinum
Shelf-stable food products with moisture contents of 15-40%
Molds of Aspergillis and Penicillium species can grow and produce harmful mycotoxins at water activity 0.77-0.85. Salmonella and Bacillus cereus are the primary
Intermediate_moisture_food
Species of fungus
Joe W.; Cole, Richard J.; Fennell, Dorothy I. (1979). "A new isochroman mycotoxin isolated from Penicillium steckii". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Penicillium_steckii
Class of chemical compounds
A loline alkaloid is a member of the 1-aminopyrrolizidines (often referred to as lolines), which are bioactive natural products with several distinct biological
Loline_alkaloid
Serotonergic compound
4-HO-TMT, or 4-OH-TMT, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptammonium or as dephosphorylated aeruginascin, is a substituted tryptamine derivative
4-HO-TMT
Species of grass cultivated as a food crop
fungi, which contaminate the grain with mycotoxins. Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. are the most common mycotoxin sources, and accordingly important in agriculture
Maize
Species of fungus
diseases caused by Penicillium spp. Penicillium hirsutum produces the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and roquefortine C. MycoBank UniProt Cavagnaro, P.
Penicillium_hirsutum
Fungus that causes ring spot and leaf stop disease
while the upper portion may only have a few spots. Tenuazonic acid is a mycotoxin produced by fungal pathogens like Epicoccum sorghinum. Production of this
Epicoccum_sorghinum
Chemical compound
Tenuazonic acid is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria species. It is a powerful eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor. It is a tetrameric acid that is
Tenuazonic_acid
Group of chemical compounds
Cry34Ab1 Virulence factor Clumping factor A Fibronectin binding protein A Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin
Ciguatoxin
Species of fungus
United Kingdom, Europe and Netherlands. Pithomyces chartarum produces a mycotoxin called sporidesmin when it grows on plants, particularly grasses. Presence
Pithomyces_chartarum
1906 United States consumer protection law
Benzene in soft drinks Bisphenol A Dieldrin Diethylstilbestrol Dioxins Mycotoxins Nonylphenol Shellfish poisoning Food fraud Bread Breast milk Egg Olive
Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act
Species of radiotrophic fungus
produces allergenic compounds but is not known to produce significant mycotoxins. In 2020, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced it had found evidence
Cladosporium_sphaerospermum
Topics referred to by the same term
corn earworm, a major agricultural pest ZEA, an abbreviation for the mycotoxin zearalenone Zea (surname), a surname Zea (singer), a Slovak singer Zea
Zea
Family of amphibians
Cry34Ab1 Virulence factor Clumping factor A Fibronectin binding protein A Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin
Poison_dart_frog
Ball of pollen gathered by worker honeybees
Potential risks of consuming bee pollen include contamination by fungal mycotoxins, pesticides, or toxic metals. Bee pollen is safe for short term use, but
Bee_pollen
Species of fungus
many strains produce significant quantities of toxic compounds known as mycotoxins, which, when consumed, are toxic to mammals. A. flavus is also an opportunistic
Aspergillus_flavus
Legume cultivated as a grain and oil crop
sometimes result in its contamination by aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin that is produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Some
Peanut
American restaurateur & convicted felon
feature, advertised as "zero-toxin" and independently tested for molds and mycotoxins. TownHall also includes a full-service bar with a wide selection of craft
Bobby_George_(restaurateur)
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Annabelle, ANNABEL means "gracious beauty."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a refined person, sometimes no doubt given ironically, from Old French, Middle English curteis, co(u)rtois ‘refined’, ‘accomplished’ (a derivative of Old French court, see Court 1).English : from Middle English curt ‘short’ + hose ‘leggings’, hence a nickname for a short person or one who wore short stockings. This nickname was borne by William the Conqueror’s son Robert, but it is not clear whether it has given rise to any surnames.Altered form of French Courtois.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Fragrant
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Cute Eyes
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Knowledge; Wealth; Prosperity
Girl/Female
Hindu
A holy cow, Bestowed of Joy, In Hindu mythology, The name refers to Goddess Ganga and Goddess durga.nandini also means adhishakti
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Beautiful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Red, Sun
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Latin Agatha, ÃGOTA means "good."
Boy/Male
Indian
Beautiful
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN