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Modifying synaptic strength via cell adhesion molecules
Synaptic stabilization is crucial in the developing and adult nervous systems and is considered a result of the late phase of long-term potentiation (LTP)
Synaptic_stabilization
Ability of a synapse to strengthen or weaken over time according to its activity
that form a synaptic association, and is specific to the stimulated pathway of synaptic transmission. The long-term stabilization of synaptic changes is
Synaptic_plasticity
Structure connecting neurons in the nervous system
responding to synaptic activity and, in turn, regulating neurotransmission. Synapses (at least chemical synapses) are stabilized in position by synaptic adhesion
Synapse
Structures of the brain
are specialized extracellular matrix structures responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain. PNNs are found around certain neuron cell bodies
Perineuronal_net
Category of memory stabilizing processes
Consolidation is divided into two main processes, synaptic consolidation and systems consolidation. Synaptic consolidation occurs rapidly on a small scale
Memory_consolidation
Protein found in humans
other genes thought to be involved in LTP, dendritogenesis, and synaptic stabilization. NMDA receptor activation is essential to producing the activity-dependent
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor
Small protrusion on a dendrite that receives input from a single axon
Tschida KA, Klein ME, Mooney R (February 2010). "Rapid spine stabilization and synaptic enhancement at the onset of behavioural learning". Nature. 463
Dendritic_spine
Impulse transmission between neurons
presynaptic terminal. The released neurotransmitter may then move across the synaptic cleft to be bind to receptors in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron
Neurotransmission
Form of homeostatic plasticity
plasticity mechanisms modify neural synaptic connections selectively, synaptic scaling normalizes all neural synaptic connections by decreasing the strength
Synaptic_scaling
Synaptic tagging, or the synaptic tagging hypothesis, has been proposed to explain how neural signaling at a particular synapse creates a target for subsequent
Synaptic_tagging
Persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity
interaction between them in the maintenance of L-LTP. The long-term stabilization of synaptic changes is also determined by a parallel increase of pre- and
Long-term_potentiation
Formation of neuronal junctions in the nervous system
Besides this, N-cadherin also plays a role in the maturation and stabilization of synaptic specializations. Lastly, N-cadherins help to control dendritic
Synaptogenesis
Subset of cell adhesion proteins
cadherins implicates these molecules as major players in the process of synaptic stabilization. Each cadherin exhibits a unique pattern of tissue distribution
Cell_adhesion_molecule
Biological process that adjusts the strength of connections between neurons in the brain
plasticity (STDP) is a biological process that adjusts the strength of synaptic connections between neurons based on the relative timing of their action
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity
Spike-timing-dependent_plasticity
Transmembrane protein family
However, at synaptic sites— particularly the postsynaptic density (PSD)—this motion is modulated by retention forces that can transiently stabilize receptors
AMPA_receptor
Form of synaptic inhibition mediated by increased membrane conductance
rhythmic and stabilized activity (e.g., gamma-band oscillations in hippocampus). Conductance-based dissection often estimates synaptic currents from
Shunting_inhibition
Capacity of neurons to regulate their own excitability relative to network activity
PMID 19616515. Turrigiano G (2012-01-01). "Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives
Homeostatic_plasticity
Junction between motor neuron and muscle fiber
synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft
Neuromuscular_junction
Primary cell of the nervous system
electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. Neurons are the main components of nervous tissue in all animals except
Neuron
The active zone or synaptic active zone is a term first used by Couteaux and Pecot-Dechavassinein in 1970 to define the site of neurotransmitter release
Active_zone
Heterosynaptic plasticity is a form of synaptic plasticity, in which changes in synaptic strength are induced by activity at neighboring synapses or by
Heterosynaptic_plasticity
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
potassium channels. It plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and the stabilization of synaptic changes during long-term potentiation. PSD-95 (encoded
DLG4
Neurological process
enhancement of synaptic strength (known as long-term potentiation (LTP)) and proposed mechanisms that might contribute to allocation at the synaptic level include
Neuronal_memory_allocation
this stabilization increases the likelihood that released glutamate will bind receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. At basal levels of synaptic activity
Cadherin–catenin complex in learning and memory
Cadherin–catenin_complex_in_learning_and_memory
Protein family
transmembrane domain. The extracellular domain interacts with proteins in the synaptic cleft, most notably neuroligin, while the intracellular cytoplasmic portion
Neurexin
Neuroscience model of learning
synaptic plasticity is stabilized by a dynamic adaptation of the time-averaged postsynaptic activity. According to the BCM model, when a pre-synaptic
BCM_theory
Protein-coding gene in humans
The most major effect a mutation could have is on synaptic stabilization. Since the gene limits synaptic plasticity, a mutation may cause issues in proper
Chordin-like_1
Voltages associated with muscle fibre
postsynaptic muscle cell. It stabilizes the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor clusters, facilitates the transcription of synaptic genes by muscle fiber nuclei
End-plate_potential
Neural connection changes in childhood
occurs during development is the result of three predominant mechanisms: synaptic and homeostatic plasticity, and learning. When brain areas are impaired
Developmental_plasticity
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
important for the persistence of long-term memories. The long-term stabilization of synaptic changes is also determined by a parallel increase of pre- and
Memory
In neurophysiology, a reduction of neuronal synapse efficacy
selectively weaken specific synapses in order to make constructive use of synaptic strengthening caused by LTP. This is necessary because, if allowed to continue
Long-term_depression
stages increase. Stabilization of a memory is the anchoring of a memory in place, in which a weak connection is established. Stabilization of procedural
Sleep_and_memory
Group of six protein isoforms produced from the MAPT gene
where it provides microtubule stabilization but also flexibility as needed. Tau proteins interact with tubulin to stabilize microtubules and promote tubulin
Tau_protein
long-term potentiation (LTP), a well-studied form of synaptic plasticity, and consists of an increase in synaptic strength. LTP could be produced by repetitive
Early_long-term_potentiation
Protein found in humans
the SNCA gene. It is a neuronal protein involved in the regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and the release of neurotransmitters. Alpha-synuclein
Alpha-synuclein
Sustained depolarized membrane states produced by regenerative ionic currents
persist for hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds following brief synaptic input or electrical stimulation. These regenerative membrane properties
Plateau_potentials
Mammalian protein found in humans
plays a significant role in cellular processes such as neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding
Amyloid-beta precursor protein
Amyloid-beta_precursor_protein
Protein family
lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate the release of synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters in neurons. These neuronal SNAREs
SNARE_protein
Group of comic book characters
deviation and mutation. The Celstials began designing the Deviants to stabilize the necrofluid, while the Eternals served as antibodies to eliminate the
Eternals_(comics)
Central nervous system stimulant
metabolism and consequently higher concentrations of synaptic monoamines. In humans, the only post-synaptic receptor at which amphetamine is known to bind is
Amphetamine
Protein
neural networks by specifying synaptic functions, and they mediate signalling by recruiting and stabilizing key synaptic components. Neuroligins interact
Neuroligin
Process of remodeling actin filaments in neurons
membrane opposite the postsynaptic density across the synaptic cleft. It is the site of synaptic vesicle docking and neurotransmitter release. Postsynaptically
Actin_remodeling_of_neurons
Type of dendrite found at the apex of cortical pyramidal cell pathways
areas. Dendrite arbors formed by apical dendrites are the means by which synaptic inputs into a cell are integrated. The apical dendrites in these regions
Apical_dendrite
Hebbian plasticity with a third modulatory factor to stabilise and enhance synaptic learning. This third factor can represent various signals such as reward
Three-factor_learning
Reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter
transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function
Reuptake
Integration of the sensory and motor systems
sensorimotor pathway are modified at short and long timescales by biophysical and synaptic processes, recurrent and feedback connections, and learning, as well as
Sensory-motor_coupling
Tetracycline-class antibiotic
neurodegeneration through the upregulation of axonal and synaptic proteins. Axonal degeneration and synaptic loss are key events at the early stages of neurodegeneration
Doxycycline
Mammalian protein found in humans
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission regulation of synaptic vesicle transport learning protein monoubiquitination synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Parkin_(protein)
Process of storage and retrieval memory
long-term stabilization of synaptic changes is also determined by a parallel increase of pre- and postsynaptic structures such as synaptic boutons, dendritic
Long-term_memory
Form of sleep involving negligible eye movement
metabolized during NREM sleep; the decrease in SWA is considered a reflection of synaptic rewiring and, therefore, an effect of behavioral maturation concluding
Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep
Tumor suppressor gene
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering postsynaptic density assembly protein dephosphorylation protein stabilization positive regulation of
PTEN_(gene)
French neuroscientist (born 1936)
selective stabilization of synapses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 2974-2978. Changeux J.-P., Danchin, A. (1976). Selective stabilization of developing
Jean-Pierre_Changeux
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
isoform without. The encoded protein may participate in the regulation of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion, possibly through interaction with GTP-binding
STXBP1
previous EPSPs. This synaptic summation drives the membrane potential toward values that could not be reached with single synaptic stimuli. As the EPSPs
LTP_induction
Main receptor for most antipsychotic drugs
calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) in the dentate gyrus is involved in exploration, synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Studies have shown potential roles for
Dopamine_receptor_D2
Italian neuroscientist
understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the stabilization, storage, and consolidation of long-term memories. Another part of her
Cristina_Alberini
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
re-associate with microtubules. Instead, the phosphorylated MAP6 binds and stabilizes synaptic F-actin. The large number of calmodulin-binding domains overlapping
MAP6
Protein-coding gene in humans
membrane integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane late endosome membrane Biological process protein stabilization Golgi to lysosome transport positive
LAMP1
Type of recurrent neural network with random and non-trainable internal structure
contrast to general types of reservoirs that don't stabilize. The liquid stabilization occurs via synaptic plasticity and chaos control that govern neural
Reservoir_computing
Protein and coding gene in humans
too high. The long form Homer1c plays a role in synaptic plasticity and the stabilization of synaptic changes during long-term potentiation. The coiled-coil
HOMER1
Protein playing a major role in the formation of coated vesicles
Two examples of adaptor proteins are AP180 and epsin. AP180 is used in synaptic vesicle formation. It recruits clathrin to membranes and also promotes
Clathrin
NMDA receptors, it was discovered that AMPA receptors localize in the synaptic terminal of neurons in the central nervous system. By using GFP (green
Glutamate receptor-interacting protein
Glutamate_receptor-interacting_protein
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
models have been developed to explain sensorimotor calibration in terms of synaptic plasticity within the cerebellum. These models derive from those formulated
Cerebellum
Anticonvulsant medication
2002). "Lamotrigine reduces spontaneous and evoked GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the basolateral amygdala: implications for its effects
Lamotrigine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
signaling pathways that promote dendritic branching, spine maturation and synaptic function. PINK1 may also control mitochondria quality through mitochondrial
PINK1
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
potential of the cell; however, it reduces the effect of any coincident synaptic input by reducing the electrical resistance of the cell's membrane. Shunting
GABA
Derivative of the Ubuntu operating system
effects can be enabled. More advanced Compiz effects are available in the Synaptic Package Manager (i.e., Ubuntu repositories). In Karmic 9.10, a fresh sound
Ubuntu_Studio
Type of synaptic plasticity
stimulated by a pre-synaptic target. Therefore, the spread of the signal from the pre-synaptic cell is localized. Another type of synaptic plasticity, heterosynaptic
Homosynaptic_plasticity
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
The prion-like formation of CPEB is essential for maintaining long-term synaptic changes associated with long-term memory formation. A 2006 article from
Prion
play an important role in synapse stabilization and enable synaptic formation. After the synapses have been stabilized, the pre- and postsynaptic cells
Target_selection
Mapping of visual input from the retina to neurons
the retinotopic organization through NMDAR synapse stabilization mechanisms in the post synaptic cells. Another important factor in the development of
Retinotopy
Sense of self-movement, force, and body position
reduces the dynamic response of muscle spindle afferents and motoneuron synaptic potentials in rat". Journal of Neurophysiology. 91 (5): 2164–2171. doi:10
Proprioception
Chemical compound
certain areas of the brain, and are synthesized there. Neurosteroids affect synaptic functioning, are neuroprotective, and enhance myelinization. Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone
Anticonvulsant medication
leading to the stabilization of hyper-excited neural membranes, suppression of repetitive neuronal firing and diminishment propagation of synaptic impulses
Oxcarbazepine
Diode that allows current to flow in the reverse direction at a specific voltage
generate low-power stabilized supply rails from higher voltages and to provide reference voltages for circuits, especially stabilized power supplies. They
Zener_diode
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of nicotine
also be found in different synaptic locations; for example the muscle nicotinic receptor always functions post-synaptically. The neuronal forms of the
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor
Neuroscientist
nervous system (CNS) of sea slugs and that is important for establishing synaptic plasticity, or the ability of neuronal connections to strengthen and weaken
Priya_Rajasethupathy
State of unconsciousness
poisoning. Certain drug use under certain conditions can damage or weaken the synaptic functioning in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) and keep
Coma
Tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug
of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the synaptic cleft, leading to heightened post-synaptic activation, with dopamine contributing to euphoria
Cocaine
Neurological disorder
paraneoplastically as proximal muscle stiffness. These cancers are associated with the synaptic proteins amphiphysin and gephyrin. Paraneoplastic SPS with amphiphysin
Stiff-person_syndrome
Movement of organelles
axoplasmic flow, is the cellular process responsible for moving lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, mitochondria and other organelles to and from a neuron's
Axonal_transport
System designed to maintain a constant voltage
regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies, where they stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements. In automobile
Voltage_regulator
Protein family
for glutamate may be potential target to improve synaptic plasticity through mechanism of stabilization at membranes where SNAPs are present. Additionally
Soluble NSF attachment protein
Soluble_NSF_attachment_protein
Nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus
(October 2016). "Serotonin differentially modulates excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to putative sleep-promoting neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic
Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
Ventrolateral_preoptic_nucleus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hippocampal neuron apoptotic process negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation positive regulation of neuron death positive regulation of
TYROBP
Neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite
metabotropic glutamate receptors maintain tonic inhibition of excitatory synaptic input to hypocretin/orexin neurons". The Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (12):
Orexin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dendritic spines, altering glutamatergic synaptic transmission. AMPA receptor localization is important for synaptic plasticity, because knockdown of VPS35
VPS35
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
brain. Each of the 1011 (one hundred billion) neurons has on average 7,000 synaptic connections (synapses) to other neurons. The brain of a three-year-old
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
Kolesnikov, Stanislav S.; Finger, Thomas E. (2018). "Chemical synapses without synaptic vesicles: Purinergic neurotransmission through a CALHM1 channel-mitochondrial
Adenosine_triphosphate
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
together stabilize and favor SNARE complex assembly and vesicle docking. Specifically, the degree to which snapin is necessary for proper synaptic release
SNAPAP
to increase the number of AMPA receptors on the post synaptic neuron. If a spine is stabilized by repeated activation, the spine becomes mushroom shaped
Addiction-related structural neuroplasticity
Addiction-related_structural_neuroplasticity
Protein family
than RAG-1 for its target. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the synaptic RAG complexes reveal a closed dimer conformation with generation of new
Recombination-activating_gene
Rare neurodegenerative disease
transporter that removes glutamate from the synapse; this leads to increased synaptic glutamate levels and excitotoxicity. Riluzole, a drug that modestly prolongs
ALS
Medical condition
symptoms. Botulinum toxin prevents the release of acetylcholine from pre-synaptic neurons and is well-documented in the use of non-cosmetic otolaryngology-associated
Tonic_tensor_tympani_syndrome
Rare disease which results in brain inflammation
underlying autoimmune synaptic encephalitis leading to disorders of memory, behavior and cognition: insights from molecular, cellular and synaptic studies". The
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Anti-NMDA_receptor_encephalitis
release was caused by an impaired recycling of synaptic vesicles as a reduction in the content of synaptic vesicles and abnormally large vesicles were observed
Notexin
Release of neurotransmitters in a synapse
Kiss-and-run fusion is a type of synaptic vesicle release in which the vesicle opens and closes transiently. In this form of exocytosis, the vesicle docks
Kiss-and-run_fusion
Neurobiological theory
hypothesis has emerged “in which graded levels of synaptic maturation produce corresponding levels of stabilization”. This is a different way of viewing the synaptotropic
Synaptotropic_hypothesis
Electronic component
of integrators or more complex filters and in negative feedback loop stabilization. Signal processing circuits also use capacitors to integrate a current
Capacitor
Ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel
this is known as phasic inhibition. However, the GABA escaping from the synaptic cleft can activate receptors on presynaptic terminals or at neighbouring
GABAA_receptor
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Gautham
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Being Extreme
Girl/Female
Tamil
Panyasree | பநà¯à®¯à®·à¯à®°à¯€Â  Â
Beauty & goodness of the Moon
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Gift; Talent
Boy/Male
Tamil
Luminous
Boy/Male
Tamil
Protector of religion
Girl/Female
Tamil
Honor of victory
Boy/Male
Hindu
Ultimate
Boy/Male
Muslim
The pardoner
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
SYNAPTIC STABILIZATION
n.
Any one of the authors of the three synoptic Gospels, which give a history of our Lord's life and ministry, in distinction from the writer of John's Gospel, which gives a fuller record of his teachings.
n.
One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain Holothurians, as in species of Synapta.
a.
Of or relating to a dynasty or line of kings.
a.
Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal parts of a thing; as, a synoptic table; a synoptical statement of an argument.
a.
Of or pertaining to Mount Sinai; given or made at Mount Sinai; as, the Sinaitic law.
n.
One of the first three Gospels of the New Testament. See Synoptist.
a.
Connecting; conjunctive; as, syndetic words or connectives; syndetic references in a dictionary.
a.
Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an acid (C11H12O5) related to gallic acid, and obtained by the decomposition of sinapine, as a white crystalline substance.
a.
Alt. of Syndetical
n.
A salt of sinapic acid.
a.
Alt. of Syntactical
n.
A genus of slender, transparent holothurians which have delicate calcareous anchors attached to the dermal plates. See Illustration in Appendix.
a.
Dynastic.
a.
Alt. of Synoptical
a.
Alt. of Sinaitic