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Measure of surface finish or texture
Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface
Surface_roughness
Shiny visual appearance of an object
^{2}i}}}}\right)^{2}\right]} Surface roughness influences the specular reflectance levels; in the visible frequencies, the surface finish in the micrometre
Gloss_(optics)
Small, local deviations of a surface from a perfectly flat ideal
lay, surface roughness, and waviness. It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane). Surface texture
Surface_finish
Soil chacteristic
Soil-surface roughness (SSR) are vertical variations present in the micro- and macro-relief of a soil surface, as well as their statistical distribution
Soil-surface_roughness
Surface roughness scattering or interface roughness scattering is the elastic scattering of particles against a rough solid surface or imperfect interface
Scattering from rough surfaces
Scattering_from_rough_surfaces
Topics referred to by the same term
up roughness in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Roughness may refer to: Surface roughness, the roughness of a surface Roughness length, roughness as
Roughness
Process of removing material from two workpieces
a specific surface roughness; it is also used to obtain very accurate surfaces, usually very flat surfaces. Surface roughness and surface flatness are
Lapping
Unevenness of surface, roughness, and ruggedness
of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (from the Latin asper—"rough"), has implications (for example) in physics and seismology. Typical "smooth surfaces",
Asperity_(materials_science)
Object that reflects an image
as flat-white paint). Thus, a mirror can be any surface in which the texture or roughness of the surface is smaller (smoother) than the wavelength of the
Mirror
Loss of fluid flow through friction
smoothly between the bulk of the fluid and the pipe surface, where it is zero. The roughness of the pipe surface influences neither the fluid flow nor the friction
Friction_loss
Study of heat conduction between solid bodies
these, roughness and fractality are of most importance, with roughness often indicated in terms of a rms value, σ {\displaystyle \sigma } and surface fractality
Thermal_contact_conductance
Smoothly polished surface in geology
propagation. Slickenside formation results in unique roughness on a slip surface. Fault surface roughness (or topography) is characterized by the aspect ratio
Slickenside
Ratio of inertial to viscous forces acting on a liquid
generally chaotic, and very small changes to shape and surface roughness of bounding surfaces can result in very different flows. Nevertheless, Reynolds
Reynolds_number
Parameter of some vertical wind profile equations
terrain roughness elements (i.e. protrusions from and/or depressions into the surface). For instance, forests tend to have much larger roughness lengths
Roughness_length
Graph used in fluid dynamics
relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor fD, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict
Moody_chart
Measurement of small-scale features on surfaces
surface fractality, and surface finish (including surface roughness) are the parameters most commonly associated with the field. Surface metrology is a fundamental
Surface_metrology
(such as pore shape, surface roughness, and tortuosity of pore channels) of a porous medium. Pores are the openings in the surfaces impermeable porous matrix
Pore_structure
Historically important optical effect
the ideal circular cross-section. This means that a small amount of surface roughness of the circular object can completely cancel out the bright spot.
Arago_spot
Quantity in solid-state physics
unit cell as strain is applied in certain directions in the lattice. Surface roughness scattering caused by interfacial disorder is short range scattering
Electron_mobility
Force resisting sliding motion
driving surface. A tribometer is an instrument that measures friction on a surface. A profilograph is a device used to measure pavement surface roughness. Friction
Friction
Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan, a moon of Saturn
Bryan; Elachi, Charles; Cassini Radar Team (September 15, 2017). "Surface roughness of Titan's hydrocarbon seas". Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Lakes_and_rivers_of_Titan
Measure of the periodicity of surface roughness
measurement of the more widely spaced component of surface texture. It is a broader view of roughness because it is more strictly defined as "the irregularities
Waviness
Standards used to define surface quality
by specifying RMS (root mean square) roughness (eg "0.3 nm RMS"). American notation focuses on how visible surface defects are, and is a "cosmetic" specification
Surface imperfections (optics)
Surface_imperfections_(optics)
Coating or deposit of ice
factors such as temperature, air pressure, air motion and turbulence, surface roughness and wettability, and the level of supersaturation. For example, water
Frost
chemistry and physical makeup (e.g., grain sizes, surface roughness, and rock abundances) of the Martian surface. The resulting data help scientists understand
Martian_surface
Study of the deformation of solids that touch each other
to emphasize the importance of surface roughness for bodies in contact. Through investigation of the surface roughness, the true contact area between
Contact_mechanics
Calcium carbonate mineral
growth. These differences are apparently due to the influence of surface roughness on layer coalescence dynamics. Calcite may form in the subsurface
Calcite
Oceanic trench part of the Pacific Ring of Fire off northeast Japan
occurring at the northern Japan Trench may be explained by variations in surface roughness of the subducting Pacific plate. Regions of smooth ocean floor subduction
Japan_Trench
Stopping microbes attaching to a surface
contact angle and R is the roughness parameter of the surface. R is the ratio of actual surface area over projected surface area. The Wenzel equation predicts
Biofilm_prevention
Removal of material from an object's surface
to be produced with roughness levels well above 5–20 micron. Electro-ablation can be used to quickly reduce the surface roughness to less than 0.8 micron
Ablation
Wear or damage on loaded surfaces
fretting corrosion. Fretting degrades the surface, leading to increased surface roughness and micropits, which reduces the fatigue strength of the components
Fretting
Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface
state for the system). The roughness ratio, r, is a measure of how surface roughness affects a homogeneous surface. The roughness ratio is defined as the
Wetting
Type of plane partition
of points in the Voronoi polygons. In surface metrology, Voronoi tessellation can be used for surface roughness modeling. In robotics, some of the control
Voronoi_diagram
engines. The shape of the curve is distilled into several of the surface roughness parameters, especially the Rk family of parameters. Johnson, K. L
Abbott-Firestone_curve
Deflection of a spinning object moving through a fluid
geometry of the body; the magnitude also depends upon the body's surface roughness and viscosity of the fluid. Accurate quantitative predictions of the
Magnus_effect
Maximum range of an indicator
how the "total" emphasis can apply to flat surfaces as well as round ones is in the topic of surface roughness, where both peaks and valleys count toward
Total_indicator_reading
Topics referred to by the same term
instability criterion in Taylor–Couette flow Rayleigh roughness criterion, surface roughness criterion in optics Rayleigh criterion (thermo-acoustic
Rayleigh_criterion
Oxide mineral
contains six formula units. The toughness of corundum is sensitive to surface roughness and crystallographic orientation. It may be 6–7 MPa·m1/2 for synthetic
Corundum
Process used to obtain mirror finishes inside metal holes
Roller burnishing is a surface finishing technique where hardened rollers cold work surface imperfections to reduce surface roughness. Roller burnishing differs
Roller_burnishing
Flow of excess rainwater not infiltrating in the ground over its surface
transport of sediment by runoff without a well defined channel. Soil surface roughness may cause runoff to become concentrated into narrower flow paths:
Surface_runoff
Electrochemical process
a metallic workpiece, reducing the surface roughness by levelling micro-peaks and valleys, improving the surface finish. Electropolishing is often compared
Electropolishing
Abbreviations and symbols used in engineering drawing
symmetrical pair of parts. RHR roughness height reading See surface roughness. RL Reduced Level or Relative Level Surface Level RMA return material authorization
Engineering drawing abbreviations and symbols
Engineering_drawing_abbreviations_and_symbols
Roughness index
The international roughness index (IRI) is the roughness index most commonly obtained from measured longitudinal road profiles. It is calculated using
International_roughness_index
Electromagnetic waves that travel along an interface
effect of surface roughness. Moreover, simple isolated surface defects such as a groove, a slit or a corrugation on an otherwise planar surface provide
Surface_plasmon_polariton
Machine component most commonly used as the rolling element in ball bearings
such as flats, pits, soft spots, and cuts. The surface smoothness is measured in two ways: surface roughness and waviness. Size refers to the farthest possible
Ball_(bearing)
Electromagnetic radiation humans can see
light, which is called glossiness. Surface scattering is caused by the surface roughness of the reflecting surfaces, and internal scattering is caused
Light
Natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface
measure the surface roughness of the ocean from space or airplanes. Ocean roughness can be used to estimate wind velocity close to the sea surface over oceans
Wind
Machine tool used for grinding
machining is used to finish workpieces that must show high surface quality (e.g., low surface roughness) and high accuracy of shape and dimension. As the accuracy
Grinding_machine
Model in physics
because the Lambertian model does not take the roughness of the surface into account. Rough surfaces can be modelled as a set of facets with different
Oren–Nayar_reflectance_model
Difference in pressure between two points of a fluid
containing a high relative roughness rating as well as many pipe fittings and joints, tube convergence, divergence, turns, surface roughness, and other physical
Pressure_drop
Swiss mechanical engineer
hydraulic roughness in open channel and pipe flow. Strickler proposed that hydraulic roughness could be characterized as a function of measurable surface roughness
Albert_Strickler
Real-valued number of spatial dimensions
structure of nominally flat surfaces, which often exhibit self-affine features across multiple length-scales. Mean surface roughness, usually denoted RA, is
Fractal_dimension
Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
developed to calculate the dependence that surface roughness has on the observed contact angle. Surfaces that are not atomically smooth will exhibit
Antimicrobial_surface
Reflection with light scattered at random angles
object. Diffuse reflection from solids is generally not due to surface roughness. A flat surface is indeed required to give specular reflection, but it does
Diffuse_reflection
Measure of how closely the shape of an object approaches that of a circle
features rather than the definition of its edges and corners, or the surface roughness of a manufactured object. A smooth ellipse can have low roundness
Roundness
Measuring instrument for surface profile and roughness
measure a surface's profile, in order to quantify its roughness. Critical dimensions as step, curvature, flatness are computed from the surface topography
Profilometer
Wave where gravity is the main restoring force
with a surface roughness due to the capillary-gravity waves, and a second phase of wave growth takes place. A wave established on the surface either spontaneously
Gravity_wave
Range of physical processes in physics
crystallites in polycrystalline solids, defects in monocrystalline solids, surface roughness, cells in organisms, and textile fibers in clothing. The effects of
Scattering
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
smoothen edge roughness, but low spatial-frequency roughness still remains, whereas in metal oxide resists, even high spatial-frequency roughness remains,
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography
Form of irrigation
speed of water movement is determined by many factors such as slope, surface roughness, and furrow shape, but most importantly by the inflow rate and soil
Surface_irrigation
Estimate of velocity in open channel flows
derived coefficient, which is dependent on many factors, including surface roughness and sinuosity. When field inspection is not possible, the best method
Manning_formula
Electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles
diffuse reflection. In radiation analysis a surface is defined as smooth if the height of the surface roughness is much smaller relative to the wavelength
Thermal_radiation
Coating process for applying heated materials to a surface
porosity, oxide content, macro and micro-hardness, bond strength and surface roughness. Generally, the coating quality increases with increasing particle
Thermal_spraying
Lizards belonging to the suborder Gekkota
the surface roughness, and therefore the number of setae in contact with that surface. Use of small van der Waals force requires very large surface areas;
Gecko
Two separate velocities in machine tool practice, cutting speed and feed rate
greatest impairing effect on the quality of the surface, and that besides the achievement of the desired roughness profile, it is necessary to analyze the effect
Speeds_and_feeds
Equation in fluid dynamics
by Nikuradse: their surfaces are characterized by many different roughness heights and random spatial distribution of roughness points, while those of
Darcy–Weisbach_equation
Form of climate engineering
affecting color by increasing the reflectance of UV and IR light. High surface roughness can also contribute to the low solar reflectances of asphalt shingles
Reflective surfaces (climate engineering)
Reflective_surfaces_(climate_engineering)
Species of haplolepideous mosses
January 2020. Rice, S. K., and N. Schneider. 2004. Cushion size, surface roughness, and the control of water balance and carbon flux in the cushion moss
Leucobryum_glaucum
Catalyst surface active in redox reactions
surface area (the ratio between ECSA and geometrical surface area is referred to as "roughness factor") or to the catalyst loading (square centimeters
Electrochemical_surface_area
Aesthetic treatment of metal surfaces
stainless steel. The intensity of the brushed finish is specified as a surface roughness and is typically 0.5–1.5 micrometres Ra. Brushing gives metal a distinctive
Brushed_metal
Hairy feature allowing suction
spatulae. These surface interactions help to smooth out the surface roughness of the wall, which helps improve the gecko to wall surface interaction. Many
Gecko_feet
Measure of small-scale variations of amplitude in the height of a surface
envelope of water immediately surrounding their tissues. Surface roughness – Measure of surface finish or texture Fractal – Infinitely detailed mathematical
Rugosity
Speed of sound wave through elastic medium
wind at height h; ζ is the exponential coefficient based on ground surface roughness, typically between 0.08 and 0.52; dU/dh(h) is the rate of change of
Speed_of_sound
Industrial process based on lost-wax casting
investment casting methods currently in use. The main differences are the surface roughness and cost of casting. Water glass method dewaxes into the high-temperature
Investment_casting
Numerical method for solving physical or engineering problems
has been applied in the numerical study of material deformation, surface roughness, fractures, etc. The virtual element method (VEM), introduced by Beirão
Finite_element_method
the surface roughness, the more resistant the film will be to abrasion. Average surface roughness of a glass substrate indicates the size of surface particles
Water-repellent_glass
Class of materials
that helps determine the ability of a surface to self-clean. This angle is affected by the roughness of the surface and the following models have been developed
Self-cleaning_surfaces
Result of a liquid droplet striking a solid or liquid surface
size, velocity, surface tension, viscosity, and also upon the surface roughness and the contact angle between the drop and the surface. Droplet impact
Drop_impact
Thin-film deposition technique that deposits one 1-atom thick layer at a time
should be performed at ≤100 °C to achieve continuous films with low surface roughness, since higher temperatures can result in agglomeration of deposited
Atomic_layer_deposition
Transistor type used in the flat-panel display industry
structures and low surface roughness. Silicon film is synthesized by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) to minimize surface roughness. First, amorphous
Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon
Low-temperature_polycrystalline_silicon
Relationship of wind speeds at varying heights
is used, it does not account for the roughness of the surface, the displacement of calm winds from the surface due to the presence of obstacles (i.e
Wind_profile_power_law
Molecule or surface that has no attraction to water
based on surface roughness and surface energy. The criterion focuses on the air-trapping capability under liquid droplets on rough surfaces, which could
Hydrophobe
used. The material properties of cookware, such as hydrophobicity, surface roughness, and conductivity can impact the taste of a dish dramatically. The
Surface_chemistry_of_cooking
Interactions between groups of atoms that do not arise from chemical bonds
Gent, A. N.; Lin, C.-W. (1990). "Model Studies of the Effect of Surface Roughness and Mechanical Interlocking on Adhesion". The Journal of Adhesion
Van_der_Waals_force
3D printing technique
the surface peaks. The molten mass then flows into the surface valleys by surface tension, gravity and laser pressure, thus diminishing the roughness."
Selective_laser_melting
Passive heat exchanger that transfers heat
rough surfaces, the major contribution to the resistance is made by the gaps. To decrease the thermal contact resistance, the surface roughness can be
Heat_sink
Hardness scale
Retrieved 21 September 2021. "Hardness tester, metallographic microscope, surface roughness tester – EBPU". Hardnesstesting-machine.com. Retrieved 18 February
Rockwell_hardness_test
Natural satellites of the planet Neptune
precession of the rotation. The thermal model also indicates that the surface roughness of Nereid is very high, likely similar to the Saturnian moon Hyperion
Moons_of_Neptune
Species of butterfly
PMID 25901418. Wanasekara, Nandula; Chalivendra, Vijaya (2011). "Role of surface roughness on wettability and coefficient of restitution in butterfly wings"
Greta_oto
First spacecraft to land on Titan
to the surface, measuring the rate of descent and the surface roughness (e.g., due to waves). The instrument was designed so that if the surface were liquid
Huygens_(spacecraft)
Powder paint used for road surface markings
practical applications tests have proved that the marking lines lack surface roughness and can easily cause wheel slip, resulting in a traffic crash in snow
Thermoplastic road marking paint
Thermoplastic_road_marking_paint
Skilled operator of machine tools
part onto a screen so small features can be more easily inspected surface roughness testers, Hand tools: The hand tools are the usual complement of tools
Machinist
Steep hill of pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent
Thomas A.; Garry, W. Brent (2013). "LRO observations of morphology and surface roughness of volcanic cones and lobate lava flows in the Marius Hills". J. Geophys
Cinder_cone
Process of enlarging an already-drilled hole with a single-point cutting tool
cutting edge), and difficulty of inspection of the resulting surface (size, form, surface roughness). These are the reasons why boring is viewed as an area
Boring_(manufacturing)
Technology that uses a laser to cut materials
Lasers. Radovanovic, Miroslav; Dašić, Predrag (2006). "Research on Surface Roughness by Laser Cut" (PDF). Annals of the University 'Dunărea de Jos' of
Laser_cutting
Angle between a liquid–vapor interface and a solid surface
time-dependent contact angles. Surface roughness has a strong effect on the contact angle and wettability of a surface. The effect of roughness depends on if the droplet
Contact_angle
Lunar impact crater
ejecta blanket, suggesting that its radar properties are a result of surface roughness, and not ice deposits, as was previously suggested from a radar experiment
Shackleton_(crater)
Probabilistic problem-solving algorithm
Leslie M. (1979). "The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Transmission of Microwave Radiation Through a Planetary Surface". Icarus. 38 (3): 451–455. Bibcode:1979Icar
Monte_Carlo_method
Polymer
Barrios, Juan M.; Romero, Pablo E. (January 2019). "Improvement of Surface Roughness and Hydrophobicity in PETG Parts Manufactured via Fused Deposition
Polyethylene_terephthalate
Sound transfer Speed of sound Surface roughness: The deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form Tensile strength:
List_of_materials_properties
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English : possibly a variant of Bunt.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cumbria and Durham)
English (Cumbria and Durham) : variant spelling of Furness.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Surface of the Earth
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh Scandinavian Scottish English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Biblical Hebrew
Surname.
Boy/Male
Scottish American English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian
Part of Sun
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Girl/Female
Muslim
Light of the Moon
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Chinese, Danish, English, Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Malaysian, Marathi, Muslim, Punjabi, Sikh, Sindhi, Swahili, Tamil
The Gold One; Golden; Queen; Magical
Boy/Male
Muslim
Privilege. Distinction.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Another name of Lord Murugan
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
Neat and Clean
Female
Welsh
Welsh name derived from the word dilys, DILYS means "genuine, steadfast, true."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dimensions
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from a pet form of the personal name Malo (see Malo 1).French : variant of Malette.French, Catalan and English : from French, English, and Catalan mallet ‘hammer’, Old French ma(i)let, diminutive of ma(i)l (Latin malleus) either a metonymic occupational name for a smith, or possibly a nickname for a fearsome warrior.French and English : nickname for an unlucky person, from Old French maleit ‘accursed’ (Latin maledictus, the opposite of benedictus ‘blessed’).English : from the medieval female personal name Malet, a diminutive of Mal(le) (see Mall).English : variant of Mallard 1.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Powerful King
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Little Father
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
n.
The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
n.
Hence, outward or external appearance.
n.
A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
n.
That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
n.
Surface; body; substance.
n.
Surface; superficies; externality.
v. t.
To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
n.
To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.
a.
Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surface
imp. & p. p.
of Surface
a.
meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
v. t.
To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
v. t.
To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
n.
An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under Surface.
n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
n.
Alt. of Serfdom
n.
An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.