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Angle between a liquid–vapor interface and a solid surface
The contact angle (symbol θC) is the angle between a liquid surface and a solid surface where they meet. More specifically, it is the angle between the
Contact_angle
Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
tension, θ is the contact angle, where a concave meniscus has contact angle less than 90° and a convex meniscus has contact angle of greater than 90°
Surface_tension
Excess energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior
common way to measure surface energy is through contact angle experiments. In this method, the contact angle of the surface is measured with several liquids
Surface_energy
Method of determining the surface energy of a solid
that by placing a droplet of liquid with a known surface energy and contact angle, the surface energy of the solid substrate can be calculated. The liquid
Sessile_drop_technique
Angle measuring instrument
they measure angles by mechanical contact they are classed as mechanical protractors. The bevel protractor is used to establish and test angles to very close
Goniometer
Curve in a liquid's surface due to adhesion to the container walls
is commonly used in surface science to measure contact angles and surface tension. In a contact angle measurement, the shape of the menisci is measured
Meniscus_(liquid)
Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface
the contact angle decreases. Thus, the contact angle is used as an inverse measure of wettability. A contact angle less than 90° (low contact angle) usually
Wetting
Physical law in fluid mechanics
Cassie's law, or the Cassie equation, describes the effective contact angle θc for a liquid on a chemically heterogeneous surface, i.e. the surface of
Cassie's_law
Molecule or surface that has no attraction to water
forming micelles. Water on hydrophobic surfaces will exhibit a high contact angle. Examples of hydrophobic molecules include the alkanes, oils, fats,
Hydrophobe
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
downhill contact angle will increase and represents the advancing contact angle while the uphill side will decrease; this is the receding contact angle. The
Hysteresis
increases. Contact angle, the angle at which a liquid droplet meets at a solid surface, is another way to characterize polymer surfaces. Contact angle (θ) is
Polymer_adsorption
Ability of porous media to condense liquid from an adsorbed vapor
curvature result in more vapor condensation. See the discussion on contact angle below.) Figure 2 above demonstrates this dependence in a simple situation
Capillary_condensation
Material property of extreme resistance to wetting
surfaces are highly hydrophobic, i.e., extremely difficult to wet. The contact angles of a water droplet on an ultrahydrophobic material exceed 150°. This
Ultrahydrophobicity
chemically homogeneous, and has zero contact angle hysteresis. Zero hysteresis implies the advancing and receding contact angles are equal. In other words, only
Ideal_surface
Method for measuring contact angle between a liquid and a solid
The captive bubble method is a method for measuring the contact angle between a liquid and a solid, by using drop shape analysis. In this method, a bubble
Captive_bubble_method
Device for changing direction of current
brushes only make tangential contact with the commutator, while copper mesh and wire brushes use an inclined contact angle touching their edge across the
Commutator_(electric)
Values of chemical properties
a counter top in kitchen or a cooking pan) can be measured by the contact angle of water droplet. A University of Nebraska–Lincoln team devised a computational
Hydrophobicity_scales
Self-cleaning properties
measured by its contact angle. The higher the contact angle the higher the hydrophobicity of a surface. Surfaces with a contact angle < 90° are referred
Lotus_effect
Theory of nucleation
diagram on the left, these factors include the size of the droplet, the contact angle, θ {\displaystyle \theta } , between the droplet and surface, and the
Classical_nucleation_theory
Class of materials
the contact angle of water on the surface is an important characteristic that helps determine the ability of a surface to self-clean. This angle is affected
Self-cleaning_surfaces
Describing pressure difference over an interface in fluid mechanics
shown by writing the Young–Laplace equation in spherical form with a contact angle boundary condition and also a prescribed height boundary condition at
Young–Laplace_equation
Term or maneuver in vehicle dynamics
slip angle results in a force, the cornering force, which is in the plane of the contact patch and perpendicular to the intersection of the contact patch
Slip_angle
as the corrected contact angle of water, the corrected contact angle of black ink, and the total surface energy. The contact angle measurement has proven
Surface_chemistry_of_paper
Type of rolling-element bearing
directions) and the contact angle of the bearing should be matched to the relative proportions of each. The larger the contact angle (typically in the range
Ball_bearing
Type of emulsion
The particle's contact angle to the surface of the droplet is a characteristic of the hydrophobicity of the particle. If the contact angle of the particle
Pickering_emulsion
be expressed in terms of water (liquid) contact angle θ. Hydrophilic membrane surfaces have a contact angle in the range of 0°<θ<90° (closer to 0°),
Synthetic_membrane
Pressure between two fluids from forces between the fluids and tube walls
contact angle at the bottom θ t {\displaystyle {\theta _{t}}} is the contact angle at the top θ l {\displaystyle {\theta _{l}}} is the contact angle at
Capillary_pressure
Several methods can be used to measure the contact angle of a water drop on the surface of a polymer. The contact angle value is used to quantify wettability
PH-sensitive_polymers
Analysis of capillary action
height; γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the surface tension; θ is the contact angle of the liquid on the tube wall; ρ is the mass density (mass per unit
Jurin's_law
Equation describing the penetration length of a liquid into a capillary tube with time
the contact angle between the penetrating liquid and the solid (tube wall). Washburn's equation is also used commonly to determine the contact angle of
Washburn's_equation
Cleaning method using gas
is complete can be assessed with contact angle measurements. When an organic contaminant is present, the contact angle of water with the device is high
Plasma_cleaning
Thin film of soapy water enclosing air
contact angle on a solid surface displaying ultrahydrophobicity than on a hydrophilic surface – see Wetting. On a liquid surface, the contact angle of
Soap_bubble
Physical property
capillary tube, and θ {\displaystyle \theta } the contact angle. The contact angle is defined as the angle formed by the intersection of the liquid-solid
Capillary_length
Molecular property
cases where the contact angle is low are considered of higher adhesion per unit area. This approach assumes that the lower contact angle corresponds to
Adhesion
Type of electrical switch
that it is not very precise, needs regular adjustment of the dwell (contact) angle, and at higher revolutions, its mass becomes significant, leading to
Contact_breaker
a solid surface by measuring the liquid contact angle as shown in Figure 1. Taking the cosine of said angle and then graphing it against the surface
Zisman_Plot
Racket sport
type of spin is predominantly employed during service, wherein the contact angle of the racket can be more easily varied. Unlike the two aforementioned
Table_tennis
Functional property in fabrics to transfer moisture and dry quickly
there can be no wicking as the contact angle between water and fibre will have no tendency to pull the water along the contact surface. Capillary flow in
Moisture_management
energy, reported in one study as increasing from 16.4 mN/m to 62.2 mN/m. Contact angle is reduced from approximately 115 degrees to approximately 60 degrees
Surface_treatment_of_PTFE
Stopping microbes attaching to a surface
values. The free energy of adhesion can be determined by measuring the contact angles of the substances in question. Young's Equation can be used to determine
Biofilm_prevention
Physical process
down onto the electrode, lowering the macroscopic contact angle and increasing the droplet contact area. Alternatively, electrowetting can be viewed from
Electrowetting
properties are achieved through high water-sliding property and high contact angles with water drops (over 100°). Additionally, durability against both
Water-repellent_glass
Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces
\gamma } is the liquid-air surface tension (force/unit length), θ is the contact angle, ρ is the density of liquid (mass/volume), g is the local acceleration
Capillary_action
Result of a liquid droplet striking a solid or liquid surface
the surface roughness and the contact angle between the drop and the surface. Droplet impact parameters such as contact time and impact regime can be
Drop_impact
American wrestler (born 1968)
Kurt Steven Angle (born December 9, 1968) is an American retired professional wrestler and former amateur wrestler. He is currently a sports analyst for
Kurt_Angle
Type of roller bearing which can support axial loads
decreased depending on the contact angle being increased or decreased. The higher the degree of angle, the greater the contact angle. They are commonly used
Tapered_roller_bearing
[1]. A droplet of water makes contact with the surface of this film and forms an almost perfect sphere with a contact angle of 178°. This happens because
Nanopin_film
Ratio of viscous drag forces to surface tension in fluids
dynamic contact angle of a flowing droplet at an interface. Multiphase flows forms when two or more partially or immiscible fluids are brought in contact. The
Capillary_number
Metalworking measure
be made to that material. Good solderability requires wetting (low contact angle) of the substrate by the solder. Solderability varies depending on the
Solderability
Method of connecting two rotating shafts or pulleys
coefficient of friction, and α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the angle (in radians) subtended by contact surface at the centre of the pulley. Belt drives are simple
Belt_(mechanical)
Chemical compound
molecular layers (MLs) came with contact angle measurements, where MLs thicker than 10 Å had an equilibrium contact angle of 80 degrees (same as bulk parylene
Parylene
Study of the deformation of bodies in the presence of frictional effects
fixed item such as a bollard; it is bent and makes contact to the item's surface over a contact angle (e.g., 180 ∘ {\displaystyle 180^{\circ }} ). Normal
Frictional_contact_mechanics
Form of train incident
flange angle. It is held down by the vertical load on the wheel V, so that if L/V exceeds the trigonometrical tangent of the flange contact angle, climbing
Derailment
Crystalline form of carbon
freshly clean graphite is hydrophilic (contact angle of 70° approximately), and it becomes hydrophobic (contact angle of 95° approximately) due to airborne
Graphite
Imitation of biological systems for the solving of human problems
droplets perch on trapped air bubbles, resulting in high contact angles and minimal contact angle hysteresis. This natural example guides the development
Biomimetics
Group of eye diseases related to poor retinal and nerve perfusion
glaucoma capsulare Primary juvenile glaucoma Primary angle closure glaucoma is caused by contact between the iris and trabecular meshwork, which in turn
Glaucoma
a long time to reach the equilibrium contact angle (dynamic contact angle is likely higher than the contact angle at equilibrium). Consequently, for the
Rheological_weldability
Industrial process
the surface contact angles, such as hydrophilic to hydrophobic, or vice versa. Argon plasma etching has reported to enhance contact angle from 52 deg
Plasma_etching
Device used to measure surface tension
θ {\displaystyle \theta } is the contact angle between the liquid phase and the plate. In practice the contact angle is rarely measured; instead, either
Wilhelmy_plate
Angle between the vertical axis and the steering axis of a steered wheel, in side view
The caster angle or castor angle is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car, motorcycle, bicycle
Caster_angle
Angle between a wheel's vertical axis and the vehicle's vertical axis
Camber angle is one of the angles made by the wheels of a vehicle. It is specifically the angle between the vertical axis of a wheel and the vertical axis
Camber_angle
Collision in which kinetic energy is conserved
directly down to the right is either a −45° angle, or a 315° angle), and lowercase phi (φ) is the contact angle. (To get the x and y velocities of the second
Elastic_collision
Viscoelatic materials used in ophthalmic surgery to maintain eye shape
and contact angle indicate a better ability to wet. A solution of sodium hyaluronate has a significantly higher surface tension and contact angle with
Ophthalmic viscosurgical device
Ophthalmic_viscosurgical_device
Field gun
from scratch. The HEAT projectiles penetrated about 100–115 mm at a contact angle of 90°. German Pak 39(r) (Converted ex-Soviet F-22 USV gun) and others
7.62_cm_Pak_36(r)
Distance amplifying instrument
the advantage just mentioned (regarding contact angle irrelevance) of the ball (sphere) itself, the contact angle of the lever overall does matter. On most
Indicator (distance amplifying instrument)
Indicator_(distance_amplifying_instrument)
Wetting liquid displacement-based characterization technique
measured, γ is the surface tension of the wetting liquid and θ is the contact angle of the wetting liquid with the sample. The surface tension γ is a measurable
Capillary_flow_porometry
hydrophilicity, or attraction to water; in superhydrophilic materials, the contact angle of water is equal to zero degrees. This effect was discovered in 1995
Superhydrophilicity
Aspect of wheeled vehicle chassis design
of that angle touching any point of the vehicle other than the wheels. This definition is contingent upon the wheels being in continuous contact with the
Breakover_angle
Part of Minnesota, separated from the rest of the state by the Lake of the Woods
The Northwest Angle, known simply as the Angle by locals, and coextensive with Angle Township, is a pene-exclave of northern Lake of the Woods County,
Northwest_Angle
Water-repellant coating
greatly increases contact angle and makes water roll off. This so-called Wenzel-effect surface or lotus effect surface has less contact area by an amount
Superhydrophobic_coating
Material
static water contact angle θ, the condition often[by whom?] quoted is θ > 160°, and a very low roll-off angle, i.e. the minimum inclination angle necessary
Self-cleaning_glass
surface or a contact angle goniometer can be used to determine the contact angle of water to determine the hydrophobicity. A higher contact angle indicates
Surface chemistry of neural implants
Surface_chemistry_of_neural_implants
Surface representing the interface between two different fluids
the contact angle will change ("dynamic contact angle"), and as of 2007 the mechanics of the moving contact line (or even the validity of the contact angle
Capillary_surface
Measurement and characterization of the porosity of a material
{\displaystyle \sigma } = surface tension of liquid θ {\displaystyle \theta } = contact angle of intrusion liquid D P {\displaystyle D_{P}} = pore diameter Since
Porosimetry
Way to harden the surface of a baseball bat
been conducted. In any case, bat weight, swing speed, pitch speed, and contact angle are more important factors. [T]his tree near the river where I lived
Boning_(baseball)
Polymer of glucose and structural component of cell wall of plants and green algae
Shoda. Cellulose has no taste, is odorless, is hydrophilic with the contact angle of 20–30 degrees, is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, is
Cellulose
Overview of titanium's biocompatible properties
predominantly consisting of TiO2 result in improved wetting of the implant in contact with physiological fluid. Mechanical abrasion of the titanium oxide film
Titanium_biocompatibility
German anti-tank gun
differed from most WWII anti-tank guns which had either one flat or two angled and one flat gun-shield plates for ease of manufacturing. After the Spanish
5_cm_Pak_38
_{LV}}}\right)} Low contact angles indicate good wettability, and will result in a capillary force pulling the compact together. High contact angles indicate poor
Liquid_phase_sintering
Concept in contact mechanics
_{0}}{2\theta _{0}-\sin 2\theta _{0}}}} the angle θ0 is in radians. The rigidity coefficient K and the half contact angle θ0 can not be derived from the theory
Bearing_pressure
Electromechanical device
when the shaft angle changes from 179.9° to 180.1° (from sector 3 to sector 4). At some instant, according to the above table, the contact pattern changes
Rotary_encoder
Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
observed contact angle. Surfaces that are not atomically smooth will exhibit an observed contact angle that varies from the actual contact angle of the
Antimicrobial_surface
corresponds to a certain change in contact angle, the macroscopic parameter characterizing wetting. Various contact angles can co-exist on the same solid
Wetting_transition
Acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst
ODP showed a water contact angle greater than 150°. The surface was converted into a superhydrophilic surface (water contact angle = 0°) upon UV illumination
Photocatalysis
Type of nanoparticle or microparticle
hydrophobic layer to be pushed into the water, decreasing the contact angle. When the contact angle was at the desired level, a hydrophilic thiol, 3-mercaptopropane-1
Janus_particles
Substance that lowers surface tension
tails form the core of the aggregate and the hydrophilic heads are in contact with the surrounding liquid. Other types of aggregates can also be formed
Surfactant
Coating process for applying heated materials to a surface
adhesion or wettability, often a water droplet contact angle test is used. The lower the contact angle, the higher the surface energy and more hydrophilic
Thermal_spraying
Difference between the confining and bulk pressures of a phase of matter
pressure can be shown to be related to the equilibrium liquid-solid contact angle θe through the relation cos θ e = 1 + 1 γ ∫ h 0 ∞ Π D ( h ) d h ,
Disjoining_pressure
Phenomenon where interior material reaches the surface of an astronomical body
initially remain isolated from one another, trapped inside rock. If the contact angle of the melted material allows the melt to wet crystal faces and run
Volcanism
interface between two different phases. Surface energy can be estimated by contact angle measurements using a version of the Young–Laplace equation: γ S V −
Biomaterial surface modifications
Biomaterial_surface_modifications
membrane maximum pore size, the surface tension of the liquid, the contact angle of the liquid on the membrane surface, and the geometrical structure
Liquid_entry_pressure
surface increases, the contact angle increases, and the ability of the droplet to wet the surface decreases. The change in contact angle, and therefore wetting
Digital_microfluidics
adhesive for the substrate is performed by determining the contact angle. Contact angles closer to zero indicate a more wettable interaction, and those
Mucoadhesion
Study of the deformation of solids that touch each other
Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. A central distinction in contact mechanics is
Contact_mechanics
Retraction of a fluid from a surface it was forced to cover
liquid will only cover the substrate to some extent. The equilibrium contact angle θ c {\displaystyle \theta _{\text{c}}} is determined from the Young–Laplace
Dewetting
external voltage. The applied electric field causes a change in the contact angle of the liquid droplet, and in turn changes the surface tensions across
Optoelectrowetting
When floating objects attract each other
{\cos ^{3}\theta }{6}}} is a nondimensional factor in terms of the contact angle θ {\displaystyle \theta } . Here L C = R / B {\displaystyle L_{C}=R/{\sqrt
Cheerios_effect
Saw-like appearance; a row of sharp projections on an edge
pressure at each point of contact is greater, and the points of contact are at a sharper angle to the material being cut. This causes a cutting action that
Serration
vertically held. A quantitative measurement for this parameter is the contact angle. Hydrophobic contaminants such as oils cause the water to bead and break
Parts_cleaning
Electrodes with a conjunction of a solid, liquid and gaseous interface
over the pore radius r, the surface tension γ of the liquid and the contact angle θ. This equation is to be taken as a guide for determination because
Gas_diffusion_electrode
CONTACT ANGLE
CONTACT ANGLE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Content
Boy/Male
Australian, Irish
Brave; Wise
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old Breton personal name, derived from an element meaning ‘high’, ‘mighty’, which was introduced into England by followers of William the Conqueror and subsequently into Ireland, where it still has some currency as a personal name.Scottish : habitational name from a place in Kincardineshire. The place name is of uncertain origin, possibly from an early Celtic name, Conona ‘hound stream’.Roger Conant led a secession from Plymouth colony in about 1627 and founded the settlement that became Salem, MA. He was probably the son of Christopher Connant, who came over from England aboard the Anne in 1623.
Girl/Female
Spanish Italian
Constant.
Girl/Female
Irish
Constant.
Boy/Male
Irish
Brave or wise.
Boy/Male
English Latin
Steady; stable.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Constant
Girl/Female
Indian
Constant
Surname or Lastname
Irish (Connacht)
Irish (Connacht) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó LáimhÃn, a reduced form of Ó FlaithimhÃn ‘descendant of FlaithimhÃn’, a personal name from a diminutive of flaith ‘prince’, ‘ruler’. This name is sometimes translated Hand, from the similarity of the reduced form to lámh ‘hand’.English : from the medieval female personal name Lavin(a) (from Latin Lavinia, of unknown origin)Spanish (LavÃn) : habitational name from Lavin, a place so named in the Santander province.Respelling of French Lavigne.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, French, Russian
Eye Contact; Clean Sight
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, Irish
Wise; Hound; Wolf; High
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nityagopal | நிதà¯à®¯à®•ோபாலÂ
Constant
Nityagopal | நிதà¯à®¯à®•ோபாலÂ
Girl/Female
Tamil
Content
Girl/Female
Arabic
Sensible Contact
Girl/Female
Irish
Constant.
Boy/Male
Celtic Irish
Wise.
Boy/Male
Indian
Constant
Boy/Male
Tamil
Constant
Surname or Lastname
French and English
French and English : from a medieval personal name (Latin Constans, genitive Constantis, meaning ‘steadfast’, ‘faithful’, present participle of the verb constare ‘stand fast’, ‘be consistent’). This was borne by an 8th-century Irish martyr. This surname has also absorbed some cases of surnames based on Constantius, a derivative of Constans, borne by a 2nd-century martyr, bishop of Perugia. Compare Constantine.English : perhaps also a nickname from Old French constant ‘steadfast’, ‘faithful’.
CONTACT ANGLE
CONTACT ANGLE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Everidge.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Bengali, Indian, Kannada, Muslim, Sindhi
Proper Name; Wealth
Boy/Male
Arabic
Pure Gold
Boy/Male
Sikh
Victory for saints
Boy/Male
Tamil
Phoolendu | பூலேஂதà¯
Full Moon
Girl/Female
Czechoslovakian American
Christian.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Praised, The praised one
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Atef-neb-ma.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Girl/Female
Hindu
Serene
CONTACT ANGLE
CONTACT ANGLE
CONTACT ANGLE
CONTACT ANGLE
CONTACT ANGLE
v. t.
To conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to.
n.
The property of two curves, or surfaces, which meet, and at the point of meeting have a common direction.
n.
To bring on; to incur; to acquire; as, to contract a habit; to contract a debt; to contract a disease.
n.
A close union or junction of bodies; a touching or meeting.
v. t.
To unite or connect firmly, as in a system.
v. i.
To join, unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; as, one line of railroad connects with another; one argument connect with another.
n.
The plane between two adjacent bodies of dissimilar rock.
v. i.
To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to bargain; as, to contract for carrying the mail.
v. i.
To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration; as, iron contracts in cooling; a rope contracts when wet.
n.
To lead, as a commander; to direct; to manage; to carry on; as, to conduct the affairs of a kingdom.
v. i.
To conduct one's self; to behave.
n.
The agreement of two or more persons, upon a sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or to abstain from doing, some act; an agreement in which a party undertakes to do, or not to do, a particular thing; a formal bargain; a compact; an interchange of legal rights.
p. p. & a
Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as, a compact discourse.
v. t.
To prepare from crude materials, as food; to invent or prepare by combining different ingredients; as, to concoct a new dish or beverage.
v. t.
To set in opposition, or over against, in order to show the differences between, or the comparative excellences and defects of; to compare by difference or contrariety of qualities; as, to contrast the present with the past.
n.
An expression of assent to a bill or motion; an affirmative vote; also, a member who votes "Content.".
a.
Contracted; as, a contract verb.
n.
An agreement between parties; a covenant or contract.
n.
One who keeps a constant watch of the conduct of others.
n.
To draw together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to shorten, narrow, or lessen; as, to contract one's sphere of action.