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Electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by the thermal motion of particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute
Thermal_radiation
Thermal electromagnetic radiation
Black-body radiation is the thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted from a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment. A black body is an
Black-body_radiation
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
Planck's law (also Planck radiation law) describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given
Planck's_law
Capacity of an object to radiate electromagnetic energy
thermal radiation. Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation that most commonly includes both visible radiation (light) and infrared radiation,
Emissivity
Law of wavelength-specific emission and absorption
In heat transfer, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation refers to wavelength-specific radiative emission and absorption by a material body in thermodynamic
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
Kirchhoff's_law_of_thermal_radiation
Infrared imaging used to reveal temperature
(IRT), also known as thermal imaging, is a measurement and imaging technique in which a thermal camera detects infrared radiation originating from the
Thermography
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, transfer of energy by phase changes, and evaporative
Heat_transfer
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Sun, some thermal radiation consists of infrared in the mid-infrared region, much longer than in sunlight. Black-body, or thermal, radiation is continuous:
Infrared
Waves or particles moving through space
submarines. Thermal radiation is a common synonym for infrared radiation emitted by objects at temperatures often encountered on Earth. Thermal radiation refers
Radiation
Energy transfer mechanism which enables planetary cooling
In climate science, longwave radiation (LWR) is electromagnetic thermal radiation emitted by Earth's surface, atmosphere, and clouds. It is also referred
Outgoing_longwave_radiation
Less harmful range of electromagnetic energy
ionizing radiation. It is still to be proven that non-thermal effects of radiation of much lower frequencies (microwave, millimetre and radiowave radiation) entail
Non-ionizing_radiation
Atmospheric heat retention
objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit thermal radiation. The wavelengths of thermal radiation emitted by the Sun and Earth differ because their
Greenhouse_effect
total energy thermal radiation: 35% of total energy ionizing radiation: 5% of total energy (more in a neutron bomb) residual radiation: 5–10% of total
Effects_of_nuclear_explosions
Type of radiant energy
Shortwave radiation (SW) is thermal radiation in the optical spectrum, including visible (VIS), near-ultraviolet (UV), and near-infrared (NIR) spectra
Shortwave_radiation_(optics)
Type of thermometer sensing radiation
distance determines the temperature of a surface from the amount of the thermal radiation it emits, a process known as pyrometry, a type of radiometry. The
Pyrometer
Law of physics
distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived
Wien_approximation
Idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation
incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence. The radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium with its environment
Black_body
Thermometer which infers temperature by measuring infrared energy emission
which infers temperature from a portion of the thermal radiation, sometimes called black-body radiation, emitted by the object being measured. They are
Infrared_thermometer
Loss of heat by thermal radiation
loses heat by thermal radiation. As Planck's law describes, every physical body spontaneously and continuously emits electromagnetic radiation. Radiative
Radiative_cooling
Minimization of heat transfer
can be applied in weatherization applications to reduce incoming thermal radiation in summer and loss in winter. When well insulated, a building is:
Thermal_insulation
Process by which heat is transferred within an object
is the warming of the Earth by the Sun. A less obvious example is thermal radiation from the human body. A hotter region experiences greater molecular
Thermal_conduction
Column of rising air in the lower altitudes of Earth's atmosphere
thermal column (or thermal) is a rising mass of buoyant air, a convective current in the atmosphere, that transfers heat energy vertically. Thermals are
Thermal
Range of EM wavelengths that can pass through Earth's atmosphere
Earth's surface to receive electromagnetic energy from the Sun, and for thermal radiation from the surface to leave to space. Atmospheric windows are useful
Atmospheric_window
Physical model of propagating energy
communication, infrared is used in thermal imaging, visible light is essential for vision, and higher-energy radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, is
Electromagnetic_radiation
Energy that is measured by temperature
The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including: Internal
Thermal_energy
German physicist and mathematician (1824–1887)
after him, which include Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, Kirchhoff's diffraction formula, and Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry
Gustav_Kirchhoff
Relation between peak wavelengths of black body radiation and temperature
wavelength of the thermal radiation. The lower the temperature, the longer or larger the wavelength of the thermal radiation. For visible radiation, hot objects
Wien's_displacement_law
Hypothetical astrophysical effect
black hole should continuously emit thermal blackbody radiation. This effect has become known as Hawking radiation. This theory was supported by previous
Hawking_radiation
Radiometric device
device used in the measurement or demonstration of the variations in thermal radiation emitted from different surfaces at the same temperature. It is composed
Leslie_cube
Measurement of thermal radiation emitted from materials
Thermal infrared spectroscopy (TIR spectroscopy) is the subset of infrared spectroscopy that deals with radiation emitted in the infrared part of the
Thermal_infrared_spectroscopy
Type of thermographic camera
camera that senses infrared radiation. The sensors installed in forward-looking infrared cameras, as well as those of other thermal imaging cameras, use detection
Forward-looking_infrared
Measurement of exposure to thermal radiation
A Thermal dose unit (TDU) is a unit of measurement used in the oil and gas industry to measure exposure to thermal radiation. It is a function of intensity
Thermal_dose_unit
Process that leads to gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies
objects where the primary is a star, ends with incineration by the star's radiation (such as for comets). Collisions of stellar-mass objects are usually accompanied
Orbital_decay
Outer, protective layer of a spacesuit
was the innermost layer of protection from micrometeoroids. Next, thermal radiation protection was provided by five layers of aluminized PET film (Mylar)
Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment
Thermal_Micrometeoroid_Garment
State of no net thermal energy flow between two connected systems
internal thermal equilibrium.[citation needed] Heat can flow into or out of a closed system by way of thermal conduction or of thermal radiation to or from
Thermal_equilibrium
State of low thermal energy
concern is a special wavelength interval of radiant energy, namely thermal radiation of materials. In common use, especially building applications, the
Low_emissivity
Low-yield thermonuclear weapon
yield, the lethal blast and thermal effects radius begins to exceed the lethal ionizing radiation radius. Enhanced radiation weapons also fall into this
Neutron_bomb
Paint designed to reflect some of the thermal radiation from a nuclear explosion
nuclear bombers. The purpose of the colour is to reflect some of the thermal radiation from a nuclear explosion, protecting the aircraft and its occupants
Anti-flash_white
Thermal remote sensing is a branch of remote sensing in the thermal infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thermal radiation from ground objects
Thermal_remote_sensing
Physical law on the emissive power of black body
Stefan–Boltzmann law, also known as Stefan's law, describes the intensity of the thermal radiation emitted by matter in terms of that matter's temperature. It is named
Stefan–Boltzmann_law
Topics referred to by the same term
Terrestrial radiation may refer to: Terrestrial radiation, electromagnetic thermal radiation emitted by Earth's surface Terrestrial background radiation, environmental
Terrestrial_radiation
Measure of how well an object, per unit of area, resists conductive flow of heat
air temperature on each side. In response to thermal radiation, surface temperature depends on the thermal emissivity of the material. Low-emissivity surfaces
R-value_(insulation)
Formula for the thermal radiation emitted by a perfect black body
the amount of thermal radiation, radiometric flux or radiometric power emitted from a perfect blackbody or received by a thermal radiation detector. The
Sakuma–Hattori_equation
Declassified nuclear weapons effects data map software
to represent the effects of a nuclear detonation: blast, thermal radiation, ionizing radiation, and nuclear fallout, among others, and can model weapons
Nukemap
Type of heat exchanger; radiant body through water or other liquids
radiators transfer the bulk of their heat via convection instead of thermal radiation.[citation needed] The Roman hypocaust is the early example of a type
Radiator
Concept for energy flows to and from Earth
longwave radiation (OLR). Longwave radiation is electromagnetic thermal radiation emitted by Earth's surface and atmosphere. Longwave radiation is in the
Earth's_energy_budget
Type of thermal sensor
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. A thermal sensor is a device able to detect the thermal radiation emitted by an object located in the FOV(Field
T-MOS_thermal_sensor
Aluminized plastic sheet used to protect against heat in space
perspiration is reduced The reflective surface inhibits losses caused by thermal radiation In a hot environment, they can be used to provide shade or protection
Space_blanket
Deviation in spacecraft deceleration
opposite of the excess emitted radiation due to the recoil of thermal photons. If the excess radiation and attendant radiation pressure were pointed in a
Pioneer_anomaly
Medical condition
intense flashes of light, high voltage electric current, or strong thermal radiation. These may originate from, for example, a sufficiently large BLEVE
Flash_burn
Building material that reduces heat transfer
reflects thermal radiation and reduces heat transfer. Because thermal energy is also transferred by conduction and convection, in addition to radiation, radiant
Radiant_barrier
Explosion from fission or fusion reaction
shock, roughly a third as thermal radiation, and the remainder as prompt and residual nuclear radiation. Because thermal radiation travels at the speed of
Nuclear_explosion
Diffusion flame
which determines the minimum safe distance needed to avoid burns from thermal radiation. The heat release rate is limited by the rate of evaporation of the
Pool_fire
Geometrical construct in general relativity
will emit thermal radiation, it became clear that there is an unexpected connection between spacetime geometry (Killing horizons) and thermal effects for
Killing_horizon
Surface with certain thermo-radiative properties
selectivity is defined as the ratio of solar radiation absorption (αsol) to thermal infrared radiation emission (εtherm). Selective surfaces take advantage
Selective_surface
Damage to skin or biological tissue from radiation exposure
greatest concern are thermal radiation, radio frequency energy, ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation. The most common type of radiation burn is a sunburn
Radiation_burn
not understood by classical mechanics of the 1800s. Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object due to the object's
History_of_quantum_mechanics
Material used to convert electromagnetic energy to heat
is re-emitted as infrared thermal radiation). The electromagnetic energy is typically radiofrequency or microwave radiation used in industrial heating
Susceptor
Climatic effect causing a planet's atmosphere to trap heat and prevent cooling
atmosphere contains greenhouse gas in an amount sufficient to block thermal radiation from leaving the planet, preventing the planet from cooling and from
Runaway_greenhouse_effect
Trace radiation from the early universe
mostly hydrogen. Unlike the plasma, these atoms could not scatter thermal radiation by Thomson scattering, and so the universe became transparent. Known
Cosmic_microwave_background
Species of ant
antireflection layer that enhances the ants' ability to offload excess heat by thermal radiation, which is emitted from the hot body of the ants to the air. This passive
Saharan_silver_ant
German physicist (1873–1916)
concept of radiative equilibrium between convection inside the Sun and thermal radiation at the surface. He developed an equation for radiative transfer and
Karl_Schwarzschild
Transfer of heat out of an object
other means may also be called cooling. The transfer of thermal energy may occur via thermal radiation, heat conduction or convection. Examples can be as simple
Cooling
Physical quantity of hot and cold
materials, from Wien's displacement law of thermal radiation: the temperature of a bath of thermal radiation is proportional, by a universal constant,
Temperature
Distortion of laser beams in media
(e.g. air or glass) is heated by absorbing a fraction of the radiation, causing a "thermal lens" to form, with a dioptric power related to the intensity
Thermal_blooming
Harmful high-frequency radiation
Ionizing radiation, also spelled ionising radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have enough energy per individual photon
Ionizing_radiation
Topics referred to by the same term
Thermal emission may refer to: Thermionic emission, the liberation of charged particles from an electrode due to thermal energy Thermal radiation, electromagnetic
Thermal_emission
Sensory abilities in snakes
The ability to sense infrared thermal radiation evolved independently in three different groups of snakes, consisting of the families of Boidae (boas)
Infrared_sensing_in_snakes
shield is a device to protect an object from unwanted heating by thermal radiation or light. Usually it is a cooled object with low absorption and high
Cold_shield
Condition in thermodynamics
equilibrium is the condition where the total thermal radiation leaving an object is equal to the total thermal radiation entering it. It is one of the several
Radiative_equilibrium
Spontaneous emission of light by a substance
electromagnetic radiation (light) not ascribable directly to incandescence. Incandescence emerges at high temperatures due to thermal radiation; in contrast
Luminescence
Electromagnetic radiation from the Big Bang
non-thermal radiation of starlight in the galaxy has an effective temperature of 3.2 K. [1] 1930s: Erich Regener calculates that the non-thermal spectrum
Cosmic_background_radiation
Device that emits light via optical amplification
process is called thermal radiation. The underlying physical process creating photons in a laser is the same as in thermal radiation, but the actual emission
Laser
SI derived unit of visible light emission
electromagnetic waves emitted, including non-visible ones such as thermal radiation (infrared). By contrast, luminous flux is weighted according to a
Lumen_(unit)
Physical systems that don't interact with other parts of the universe
paradox. If, however, the stochastic behavior of the molecules and thermal radiation in real enclosing walls is considered, then the system is in effect
Isolated_system
Mathematical approach to quantum optics
the quantum system has a classical analog, e.g. a coherent state or thermal radiation, then P is non-negative everywhere like an ordinary probability distribution
Glauber–Sudarshan P representation
Glauber–Sudarshan_P_representation
Statistical physics theorem
heat. The corresponding fluctuation is thermal radiation (e.g., the glow of a "red hot" object). Thermal radiation turns heat energy into light energy—the
Fluctuation–dissipation theorem
Fluctuation–dissipation_theorem
Exhibition at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
burn was so short, it did not have time to diffuse or be dissipated by thermal diffusion. This meant that the immediate surfaces of affected objects were
Human_Shadow_Etched_in_Stone
Form of cooking that involves dry heat
Heat transfer to the food when using a grill is primarily through thermal radiation. Heat transfer when using a grill pan or griddle is by direct conduction
Grilling
Physical law relating heat loss to temperature difference
increases with temperature difference. In the case of heat transfer by thermal radiation, Newton's law of cooling holds only for very small temperature differences
Newton's_law_of_cooling
Energy collected from renewable resources
gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. Earth emits roughly 1017 W of infrared thermal radiation that flows toward the cold outer space. Solar energy hits the surface
Renewable_energy
Heat-trapping gas in an atmosphere
electrical charges, and so are almost totally unaffected by infrared thermal radiation, with only an extremely minor effect from collision-induced absorption
Greenhouse_gas
Emissions from unstable atomic nuclei
disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three
Radioactive_decay
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Layer of the Earth's atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the exosphere
significantly below 0 °C (32 °F) at night because the energy lost by thermal radiation would exceed the energy acquired from the atmospheric gas by direct
Thermosphere
Consequences of nuclear explosions
million degrees Celsius, incinerating everything within its radius. Thermal radiation causes severe burns, temporary or permanent blindness, and widespread
Humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons
Humanitarian_impact_of_nuclear_weapons
Olfactory sensory system
colder than its body temperature. This makes it more sensitive to thermal radiation. Dogs can thus detect even weak levels of warmth. Dogs are able to
Dog_sense_of_smell
Amount of heat a computer's cooling system must dissipate
heat sink with a fan, or any of the two passive cooling methods: thermal radiation or conduction. Typically, a combination of these methods is used.
Thermal_design_power
Species of fly
colors between black and amber, most are usually one of the extremes. Thermal radiation, which is the long-waves emitted by the atmosphere, is important in
Sepsis_thoracica
Skin rash resulting from excess exposure to heat
condition caused by long-term exposure to heat (infrared radiation). Prolonged thermal radiation exposure of the skin can lead to the development of reticulated
Erythema_ab_igne
Electromagnetic radiation humans can see
on a kind of natural thermal imaging, in which tiny packets of cellular water are raised in temperature by the infrared radiation. EMR in this range causes
Light
Thermal insulation using several thin layers
of the main items of the spacecraft thermal design, primarily intended to reduce heat loss by thermal radiation. In its basic form, it does not appreciably
Multi-layer_insulation
Ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons
which is extensively utilized in radiocarbon dating. Cold, thermal, and hot neutron radiation is most commonly used in scattering and diffraction experiments
Neutron_radiation
Howell. Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002. Print. "The University of British Columbia." Thermal Radiation. N.p., n.d
Effect of radiation on perceived temperature
Effect_of_radiation_on_perceived_temperature
Photon from a biological source
by bioluminescence, but it is detectable above the background of thermal radiation emitted by tissues at their normal temperature. Biophoton emission
Biophoton
heat of water. Carl Wilhelm Scheele distinguished heat transfer by thermal radiation (radiant heat) from that by convection and conduction in 1777. In
History_of_thermodynamics
Method of personal protection from a nuclear explosion
the skin from the thermal radiation with the flash light, similar in average emission spectrum/color to sunlight. The thermal radiation emits in the ultraviolet
Duck_and_cover
these IR-sensitive receptors may be involved in detection of infrared thermal radiation emitted by their prey. This may aid bats in locating blood-rich areas
Infrared sensing in vampire bats
Infrared_sensing_in_vampire_bats
Force on a rotating celestial body due to asymmetric thermal radiation
object warmed by radiation (and therefore the intensity of thermal radiation from the object) lags behind changes in the incoming radiation. That is, the
Yarkovsky_effect
Proportion in thermal radiation
F A → B {\displaystyle F_{A\rightarrow B}} , is the proportion of the radiation which leaves surface A {\displaystyle A} that strikes surface B {\displaystyle
View_factor
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