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Homogeneous mixture containing dissolved polymers
Polymer solutions are solutions containing dissolved polymers. These may exist as liquid solutions (e.g. in aqueous solution), or as solid solutions (e
Polymer_solution
Method of industrial polymerization
Solution polymerization is a method of industrial polymerization. In this procedure, a monomer is dissolved in a non-reactive solvent that contains a catalyst
Solution_polymerization
Chemical reaction to form polymer chains
include emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and precipitation polymerization. Although the polymer dispersity and
Polymerization
Polymerization reaction among insoluble monomers in a solution
In polymer chemistry, emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and
Emulsion_polymerization
Synthetic rubber polymer
additives can be removed from the polymer. Solution-SBR is produced by an anionic polymerization process. Polymerization is initiated by alkyl lithium compounds
Styrene-butadiene
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
network. During the polymerization process, some chemical groups may be lost from each monomer. This happens in the polymerization of PET polyester. The
Polymer
Polymers that absorb and retain extremely large amounts of liquid
superabsorbent polymers are made using one of three primary methods: gel polymerization, suspension polymerization or solution polymerization. Each of the
Superabsorbent_polymer
Lattice model of polymer solutions
Flory–Huggins solution theory is a lattice model of the thermodynamics of polymer solutions which takes account of the great dissimilarity in molecular
Flory–Huggins_solution_theory
Polymerization process involving free radicals as repeating units
In polymer chemistry, radical polymerization (RP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of a radical to building
Radical_polymerization
The polymer solution casting process utilizes a mandrel, or inner diameter mold, that is immersed in a tank of polymer solution or liquid plastic that
Polymer_solution_casting
Temperature below which components of a mixture are miscible
case of polymer solutions, the LCST also depends on polymer degree of polymerization, polydispersity and branching as well as on the polymer's composition
Lower critical solution temperature
Lower_critical_solution_temperature
Anionic polyelectrolyte polymer
polyacrylate, like solution polymerization in water, inverse emulsion polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization, plasma polymerization, and pressure-induced
Sodium_polyacrylate
Chemistry subdiscipline
Institute of NYU). Polymers are high molecular mass compounds formed by polymerization of monomers. They are synthesized by the polymerization process and can
Polymer_chemistry
Substance whose dissolved ions conduct electricity
needed] Electrolyte solutions can also result from the dissolution of some biological (e.g., DNA, polypeptides) or synthetic polymers (e.g., polystyrene
Electrolyte
Chemical process
Bulk polymerization or mass polymerization is carried out by adding a soluble radical initiator to pure monomer in liquid state. The initiator should
Bulk_polymerization
Critical temperature of miscibility in a mixture
lower temperatures. The UCST and LCST of polymer mixtures generally depend on polymer degree of polymerization and polydispersity. The seminal statistical
Upper critical solution temperature
Upper_critical_solution_temperature
Polymerization reaction among monomers suspended in a liquid
suspension polymerization have diameters usually exceeding 10 μm. In polymer chemistry, suspension polymerization is a heterogeneous radical polymerization process
Suspension_polymerization
Precipitation reaction among monomers dissolved in solution
the polymer. As the polymerization reaction proceeds, particles of polymer form, creating a non-homogeneous solution. In dispersion polymerization these
Dispersion_polymerization
Polymer showing drastic changes in physical properties with temperature
molecule (for polymer solutions m1 is approximately equal to the degree of polymerization and m2=1) φ = volume fraction of the polymer and the solvent
Temperature-responsive polymer
Temperature-responsive_polymer
Homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance
Solution_(chemistry)
Chemical compound
Yamashita, Tsuyoshi (2001-10-01). "Chain Transfer to Polymer in Free-Radical Solution Polymerization of 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Studied by NMR Spectroscopy"
2-Ethylhexyl_acrylate
(removing the water group from two carboxyl groups), and solution polymerization (reacting in a solution). The chemical structure and composition of polyanhydrides
Polyanhydride
Living polymerization, the synthesis of polymers with specific architectures becomes more and more facile. Architectures such as star polymers, comb polymers
Polymer_architecture
including polymer surfaces. A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits bound together by covalent bonds. In dilute solution, polymers form
Polymer_adsorption
Chemical compound
polymerization and is readily functionalized making it useful in a variety of applications. PNIPA dissolves in water, however, when these solutions are
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Field of physics that studies polymers
Monitoring of Polymerization Reactions", Macromolecules 1998, 31(21), 7226-7238 des Cloiseaux, Jacques; Jannink, Gerard (1991). Polymers in Solution. Oxford
Polymer_physics
Polymeric arrays of repeating units connected by non-covalent bonds
supramolecular polymerization, where the monomer nucleates only in an early stage of polymerization to generate "seeds" and becomes active for polymer chain elongation
Supramolecular_polymer
Chemical reaction that produces polymers
addition−fragmentation chain transfer or RAFT polymerization is one of several kinds of reversible deactivation radical polymerization. It makes use of a chain transfer
Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization
Reversible_addition−fragmentation_chain-transfer_polymerization
Polymer produced via a condensation reaction
polymerization are chain polymerization and polyaddition, both of which give addition polymers. IUPAC definition Polycondensation: a polymerization in
Condensation_polymer
PVC-based hardenable modeling clay
polyacrylamide solution". Micro & Nano Letters. 12 (1): 40–44. doi:10.1049/mnl.2016.0419. Miller S. (2012). "Health Impacts of Toxins in Polymer Clays". Archived
Polymer_clay
American Company
in the agriculture, building and infrastructure, fluorinated solutions, polymer solutions, and data communications sectors. It was founded in 1953 and
Orbia
Polymerization mechanism
Chain-growth polymerization (AE) or chain-growth polymerisation (BE) is a polymerization technique where monomer molecules add onto the active site on
Chain-growth_polymerization
Chain-growth polymerization without the ability to terminate
In polymer chemistry, living polymerization is a form of chain growth polymerization where the ability of a growing polymer chain to terminate has been
Living_polymerization
Type of chain polymerization
Living radical polymerization Living free radical polymerization Controlled/"living" radical polymerization Controlled radical polymerization Reversible deactivation
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
Reversible-deactivation_radical_polymerization
Transparent thermoplastic, commonly called acrylic
emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, and bulk polymerization. Generally, radical initiation is used (including living polymerization methods)
Poly(methyl_methacrylate)
Polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
all of which are formed by chain-growth polymerization. Another production mechanism is step-growth polymerization, which is used to produce the nylon-12/6/66
Copolymer
Alkene (C8H16)
primarily as a co-monomer in production of polyethylene via the solution polymerization process. Several useful structural isomers of the octenes are obtained
Octene
reversible-deactivation polymerization RDP. Living free radical polymerization is a type of living polymerization where the active polymer chain end is a free
Living free-radical polymerization
Living_free-radical_polymerization
Type of polymerization reaction mechanism
In polymer chemistry, step-growth polymerization is a type of polymerization mechanism in which bi-functional or multifunctional monomers react to form
Step-growth_polymerization
Polymerization after alignment of monomers by crystallisation
Topochemical polymerization is a polymerization method performed by monomers aligned in the crystal state. In this process, the monomers are crystallised
Topochemical_polymerization
Scientific method to study solutions, gels, and other polymeric systems
characteristics of polymeric systems: solutions, gels, compounds and more. As in most scattering experiments, it involves subjecting a polymeric sample to incident
Polymer_scattering
Water-soluble polymer
chemical-mechanical planarization process as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization to increase resolution in photoresists for cathode-ray tubes (CRT)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Equation in polymer science
"Shape of threadlike molecules in solution, and relationship between solution viscosity and molecular weight". Polymer Journal. 44 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1038/pj
Mark–Houwink_equation
Lithium-ion battery using a polymer electrolyte
Hyun-Kon (May 2019). "Gel Polymer Electrolytes: Gel/Solid Polymer Electrolytes Characterized by In Situ Gelation or Polymerization for Electrochemical Energy
Lithium_polymer_battery
Chemical compound
the smallest polyoxymethylene, the polymerization product of formaldehyde with a typical degree of polymerization of 8–100 units. Paraformaldehyde commonly
Paraformaldehyde
Scientific experiment
step-growth polymerization and provides students and other observers with a hands-on demonstration of the preparation of a synthetic polymer. The nylon
Nylon_rope_trick
Chain polymerization involving cyclic monomers
polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a form of chain-growth polymerization in which the terminus of a polymer chain attacks cyclic monomers
Ring-opening_polymerization
Partial alignment of polymer molecular chains
resulting polymer. When a certain degree of polymerization is reached, the polymerized and partially crystallized product precipitates out of the solution. The
Crystallization_of_polymers
Form of polyaniline
preforming polymerization in dilute aniline solutions. Chemical oxidative polymerization is a traditional and commonly used method for the polymerization of aniline
Polyaniline_nanofibers
Chemical solution in solid form
drug and polymer. The number of drug molecules that do behave as solvent (plasticizer) of polymers is small. On a phase diagram a solid solution is represented
Solid_solution
Polymers whose repeating units bear an electrolyte group
aqueous solutions (water), making the polymers charged. Polyelectrolyte properties are thus similar to both electrolytes (salts) and polymers (high molecular
Polyelectrolyte
Category of polymers, in which the monomers are joined together by ester links
Progress in Polymer Science. 30 (10): 949–81. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2005.06.010. Nuyken O, Pask SD (April 2013). "Ring-Opening Polymerization—An Introductory
Polyester
Type of polymerization occurring at the interface of two immiscible phases
Interfacial polymerization is a type of step-growth polymerization in which polymerization occurs at the interface between two immiscible phases (generally
Interfacial_polymerization
Topological interaction between long polymer chains that constrains their motion
slide around each other by threading past end-to-end. Polymer chains in a melt or concentrated solution are in exactly this situation, only at a molecular
Chain_entanglement
Concrete as an aesthetic enhancement
and permanent solution. Polymer cement overlays, consisting of a proprietary blend of Portland cements, various aggregates and polymer resins, were introduced
Decorative_concrete
Plasma polymerization (or glow discharge polymerization) uses plasma sources to generate a gas discharge that provides energy to activate or fragment gaseous
Plasma_polymerization
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an example of a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Like its counterpart, ATRA, or atom transfer
Atom transfer radical polymerization
Atom_transfer_radical_polymerization
Thermoplastic polymer
and Robert Banks first demonstrated the polymerization of propylene in 1951. The stereoselective polymerization to the isotactic was discovered by Giulio
Polypropylene
Type of hydrogel
preventive applications. A variety of different polymerization methods may be utilized for the synthesis of the polymer chains that make up hydrogels. Their properties
Self-healing_hydrogels
Chemical compound
emulsion or solution polymerization. The commercial product can be stabilized by the addition of 50 ppm hydroquinone monoethyl ether. The polymerization of MeAN
Methacrylonitrile
Attachment of side chains to the backbone chain of a polymer
thermosets or interpenetrating polymer networks. A dendrimer is a repetitively branched compound. In free radical polymerization, branching occurs when a chain
Branching_(polymer_chemistry)
mediated radical polymerization. About half of all commercial polymers are produced by radical polymerization. Radical polymerization (RP) reactions have
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization
Cobalt-mediated_radical_polymerization
Highly viscous liquid exhibiting a kind of semi-solid behavior
_{2}\lambda _{3}} . As the polymer volume fraction decreases from ϕ 0 {\displaystyle \phi _{0}} to ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } , a polymer solution of concentration
Gel
nanoparticle, type of polymer, morphology of the nanoparticle-polymer matrix and other factors. PNCs are commonly prepared via in-situ polymerization, melt extrusion
Polymer_nanocomposite
Chemical compound
1953. pHEMA hydrogel for intraocular lenses can be synthesized by solution polymerization using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as raw material, ammonium
Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate
Polymer with synthetic molecular receptor
radical or other polymerization initiator, 5) porogenic solvent and 6) extraction solvent. According to polymerization method and final polymer format one or
Molecularly_imprinted_polymer
Soft water-rich polymer gel
and form free radicals, which will begin a polymerization reaction that forms crosslinks between polymer strands. This reaction will cease if the light
Hydrogel
Chemical compound
Controlled polymerization techniques, such as RAFT and NMP can be used for the direct polymerization of MAA. In contrast, polymerization of acidic monomers
Poly(methacrylic_acid)
Alteration in the polymer properties under the influence of environmental factors
plastic polymers. The major chemical changes are oxidation and chain scission, leading to a reduction in the molecular weight and degree of polymerization of
Polymer_degradation
Chain polymerization in which active centers are ions or ion pairs
Appl. Chem., 2008, 80(10), 2163-2193 In polymer chemistry, ionic polymerization is a chain-growth polymerization in which active centers are ions or ion
Ionic_polymerization
Chemical compound
alcohol in the US and Western Europe. Unlike most vinyl polymers, PVA is not prepared by polymerization of the corresponding monomer, since the monomer, vinyl
Polyvinyl_alcohol
polymerization of 1,3-diynes. Typically, this must occur in the solid state, because many diynes undergo both 1,2 and 1,4 polymerization in solution –
Polydiacetylenes
Subfield of materials science concerned with polymers
Polymer science or macromolecular science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and
Polymer_science
Substances which prevent monomers from self-polymerizing
In polymer chemistry, polymerisation inhibitors (US: polymerization inhibitors) are chemical compounds added to monomers to prevent their self-polymerisation
Polymerisation_inhibitor
Anionic polyelectrolyte polymer
like any acrylate polymer, is usually synthesized through a process known as free radical polymerization, though graft polymerization may also be used
Polyacrylic_acid
Chemical process
reaction that generates a crosslinked network of polymers through radical polymerization or cationic polymerization. UV curing is adaptable to printing, coating
UV_curing
American chemist (1910–1985)
earliest work in polymer science was in the area of polymerization kinetics at the DuPont Experimental Station. In condensation polymerization, he challenged
Paul_Flory
reaction by-products and water from polymers. When exiting a reactor after a polymerization reaction, many polymers still contain undesired low-molecular
Polymer_devolatilization
Bonds linking one polymer chain to another
"Experiments: PVA polymer slime". Education: Inspiring your teaching and learning. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2022. A solution of polyvinyl
Cross-link
Central Public Sector Undertaking
380 km (236 mi) from Delhi). GAIL has a world-class "Sclairtech" solution polymerization process licensed from M/s Nova Chemicals, Canada to produce LLDPE
GAIL
Optically transparent and electrically conductive material
is solution polymerized by combining monomer with iron(III) chloride. Once the polymerization is complete the doping is done by exposing the polymer to
Transparent_conducting_film
Subgroup of polymers
the solutions in where the polycondensation can occur at their interface. More commonly, these polymers are synthesized from low temperature solution polycondensation
Cardo_polymer
Organic polymers that conduct electricity
electro (co)polymerization means inserting three electrodes (reference electrode, counter electrode and working electrode) into solution including reactors
Conductive_polymer
Chemical process by which polymeric materials are hardened
of thermosetting polymers, the term "curing" can be used for all the processes where a solid product is obtained from a liquid solution, such as with PVC
Curing_(chemistry)
Material composed of at least two polymers mixed together
joint polymerization of more than one kind of polymer. A new polymers modification process, based on a simple mechanical mixture of two polymers first
Polymer_blend
polymerization reactions have been successfully used to prepare PIMs of sufficient mass to form self-standing films. These involve a polymerization reaction
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity
Polymers_of_intrinsic_microporosity
Movement of the active site on one growing polymer chain to another molecule
polymerization. Chain transfer reactions occur in most forms of addition polymerization including radical polymerization, ring-opening polymerization
Chain_transfer
Neutral heterocyclic compound
with Rh and Au. NHOs are used as polymerization catalysts for both organopolymerization and Lewis-pair polymerization. In the latter, the NHOs act as Lewis
N-Heterocyclic_olefins
Method of radical polymerization
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization is a method of radical polymerization that makes use of an nitroxide initiator to generate polymers with well controlled
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
Nitroxide-mediated_radical_polymerization
Measure of heterogeneity of particle or molecular sizes
synthetic polymers, it can vary greatly due to reactant ratio, how close the polymerization went to completion, etc. For typical addition polymerization, Đ can
Dispersity
Biodegradable polymer
ring-opening polymerization of lactide [–C(CH 3)HC(=O)O–] 2, the cyclic dimer of the basic repeating unit. Often PLA is blended with other polymers. PLA can
Polylactic_acid
Organic Polymer
during polymerization. Exhaustive Soxhlet extraction after polymerization with polar solvents was found to effectively fractionate the polymer and remove
Polythiophene
Chemical compound
NaOCl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid
Sodium_hypochlorite
Group of fatty molecules suspended in liquid by soaps and/or detergents
RG, Hess M, Horie K, Jones RG, et al. (2011). "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)"
Micelle
Chemical compound
glycol, is synthesized by suspension polymerization. It is necessary to hold the growing polymer chain in solution in the course of the polycondensation
Polyethylene_glycol
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
polypropylene films used in packaging. Spinning: involves transforming a polymer melt or solution into continuous strands 3D printing: involves three-dimensionally
Plastic
Manufacturing of polymer fibres
of the polymer is higher than its degradation temperature, the polymer must undergo solution spinning techniques for fiber formation. The polymer is first
Spinning_(polymers)
Dipolar ion polymer
"Surface-initiated RAFT polymerization of sulfobetaine from cellulose membranes to improve hemocompatibility and antibiofouling property". Polymer Chemistry. 4 (19):
Polysulfobetaine
Most common thermoplastic polymer
Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization". In Hoff, Ray; Mathers, Robert T. (eds.). Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts. John Wiley &
Polyethylene
Chemical compound
chain-growth polymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate. There are several techniques of polymerization that can be applied to this polymer, such as solution, suspension
Ethylene-vinyl_acetate
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Determination; Resolution
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Root; Element; Resolution
Girl/Female
Muslim
Determination, Resolution
Girl/Female
Tamil
Good or Happy condition, Solution
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Creation; Evolution; Construction
Girl/Female
Hindu
Good or Happy condition, Solution
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Evolution; Progress
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Resolution
Boy/Male
Arabic
Prudence; Resolution
Boy/Male
Muslim
Resolution, Firm will
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Boy/Male
Muslim
Root, Element, Resolution
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Strategy; Idea; Trick; Solution; A Device; Planning
Girl/Female
Hindu
Good or Happy condition, Solution, Fortune
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Determination; Resolution
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Wish; Accord; Resolution
Boy/Male
Indian
Resolution, Firm will
Boy/Male
Tamil
Perfect isolation, Salvation
Boy/Male
Hindu
Perfect isolation, Salvation
Girl/Female
Tamil
Good or Happy condition, Solution, Fortune
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ayushka | அயà¯à®·à¯à®•à®¾
Life
Girl/Female
Tamil
Moment
Boy/Male
Dutch, Finnish, German
Ever Ruler
Boy/Male
Tamil
Karhik | காரà¯à®¹à®¿à®•Â
Son of Lord Shiva and leader of Deva army, Kartik means Hindu month
Male
Greek
(ΒασιλεÏÏ‚) Variant form of Greek Vasilios, BASILEUS means "king."Â
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Gift of the Beneficent
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Irish
Girl.
Girl/Female
Indian
Rome
Boy/Male
Hindu
A constellation
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION
n.
See Fehling's solution, under Solution.
n.
Adverse action of will; unwillingness; -- opposed to volition.
n.
The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation or problem, or the result of the process.
n.
The termination of a disease; resolution.
n.
That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose; determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; as, a legislative resolution; the resolutions of a public meeting.
n.
The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution; disintegration.
n.
See Exsolution.
n.
A crisis.
n.
A solution; an explanation.
n.
release; deliverance; discharge.
n.
To analyse, or determine the strength of, by means of standard solutions. Cf. Standardized solution, under Solution.
n.
The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, in the process of growth; development; as, the evolution of a flower from a bud, or an animal from the egg.
n.
The act or process by which a body (whether solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and, remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused throughout the solvent; also, the product reulting from such absorption.
n.
Evolution of one's self; development by inherent quality or power.
n.
The act of resolving or making clear; resolution; solution.
n.
A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble.
n.
The act or process of solving; solution; as, the resolution of an equation or problem.