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Polymers whose repeating units bear an electrolyte group
Polyelectrolytes are polymers whose repeating units bear an electrolyte group. Polycations and polyanions are polyelectrolytes. These groups dissociate
Polyelectrolyte
Secretion produced by mucous membranes
is controlled by polyelectrolyte effect. Polymers with charged molecules are called polyelectrolytes. Mucins, a kind of polyelectrolyte proteoglycans, are
Mucus
is a cationic polyelectrolyte prepared by the polymerization of allylamine. It can be used in combination with an anionic polyelectrolyte like poly(sodium
Polyallylamine_hydrochloride
of polyelectrolytes on solid substrates is a surface phenomenon where long-chained polymer molecules with charged groups (dubbed polyelectrolytes) bind
Polyelectrolyte_adsorption
Class of chemicals and interactions
Polyelectrolytes are charged polymers capable of stabilizing (or destabilizing) colloidal emulsions through electrostatic interactions. Their effectiveness
Emulsion stabilization using polyelectrolytes
Emulsion_stabilization_using_polyelectrolytes
Anionic polyelectrolyte polymer
acquire a negative charge. Partially or wholly deprotonated PAAs are polyelectrolytes, with the ability to absorb and retain water and swell to many times
Polyacrylic_acid
The polyelectrolyte theory of the gene proposes that for a linear genetic biopolymer dissolved in water, such as DNA, to undergo Darwinian evolution anywhere
Polyelectrolyte theory of the gene
Polyelectrolyte_theory_of_the_gene
Anionic polyelectrolyte polymer
to 1000 times its mass in water. Sodium polyacrylate is an anionic polyelectrolyte with negatively charged carboxylic groups in the main chain. It is
Sodium_polyacrylate
Highly viscous liquid exhibiting a kind of semi-solid behavior
polymer takes up more space. This is also the reason gel hardens. See polyelectrolyte for more information. A colloidal gel consists of a percolated network
Gel
Biochemical laboratory technique
solution. The effectiveness of these polyelectrolytes depend on the pH of the solution. Anionic polyelectrolytes are used at pH values less than the isoelectric
Protein_precipitation
Chemical compound
are known, cyclopropenium salts have attracted attention as possible polyelectrolytes, relevant to technologies such as desalination and fuel cells. The
Cyclopropenium_ion
Nanoparticle used for drug delivery
acid (more pedantically "poly(acrylic acid)"), PAA is a weak anionic polyelectrolyte used in many biocompatible gels. Linking it covalently with chitosan
Chitosan_nanoparticles
Substance whose dissolved ions conduct electricity
polypeptides) or synthetic polymers (e.g., polystyrene sulfonate), termed "polyelectrolytes", which contain charged functional groups. A substance that dissociates
Electrolyte
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
solution. While it is considered a polyelectrolyte polymer chain, hyaluronic acid does not exhibit the polyelectrolyte peak, suggesting the absence of a
Hyaluronic_acid
Thickening agent
manufactured. They can also be classified as uncharged or ionic polymers (polyelectrolytes). Examples include (with E number food additive code): Hehemann, Jan-Hendrik;
Natural_gum
than 20 articles. He focused on cellulose fibers (especially jute), polyelectrolytes, and proteins. Chowdhury was born on 1 August 1930 to Abdul Aziz Chowdhury
Fazlul_Halim_Chowdhury
American chemical engineer (born 1950)
in the manipulation and measurement of polymer surface properties, polyelectrolyte complexation, and biomedical nanoparticles. In 2019, IME became the
Matthew_Tirrell
Byproducts from the production of wood pulp
Lignosulfonates (LS) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. LS's
Lignosulfonates
metallic surface and the surface of a semiconducting material or a polyelectrolyte. Under these conditions an attractive force appears, whose magnitude
Johnsen–Rahbek_effect
Substance providing scientific evidence of past or present life
antibiosignature, by implying that biological activity is unlikely. The Polyelectrolyte theory of the gene is a proposed generic biosignature. In 2002, Steven
Biosignature
Machine component that moves a mechanism
ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC), ionic electroactive polymers, polyelectrolyte gels, and gel-metal composites are common materials to form 3D layered
Actuator
Removal of salts from water
"Thermodynamic model for a reversible desalination cycle using weak polyelectrolyte hydrogels". Desalination. 442: 32. Bibcode:2018Desal.442...32R. doi:10
Desalination
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
ionizable subunits (e.g., pendant carboxylic groups) is known as a polyelectrolyte or ionomer, when the fraction of ionizable units is large or small
Polymer
Thai state enterprise
Kanchanaburi Province. The water is treated with lime, chlorine, alum, and polyelectrolyte at four water treatment plants—Bang Khen, Sam Sen, Thonburi, and Maha
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority
Metropolitan_Waterworks_Authority
Framework to describe phase transitions
biophysics, such as polymer films, nanostructured block copolymers or polyelectrolytes. Le Bellac, Michel (1991). Quantum and Statistical Field Theory. Oxford:
Statistical_field_theory
Chemical compound
water-resistant adhesives and antimicrobial coatings. PVP, when mixed with a polyelectrolyte, has been demonstrated to moderately inhibit the growth of microorganisms
Poly(4-vinylphenol)
American computational biologist
Rod Like Polyelectrolyte Model", along with Fixman and Odijk, developed a theory for the electrostatic persistence length in polyelectrolytes now known
Jeffrey_Skolnick
Man-made lake in Derbyshire, England
built at Arnfield and Godley. At Arnfield, lime, ferric sulphate and polyelectrolyte are added to the water in mixing chambers. This flocculating agent
Arnfield_Reservoir
Measure of heterogeneity of particle or molecular sizes
dispersity. It is the case of humic acids and fulvic acids, natural polyelectrolyte substances having respectively higher and lower molecular weights.
Dispersity
Material scientist and academic
of thick film nanocomposites (>10 μm) with a particular emphasis on polyelectrolyte complexes and electrically conductive and thermoelectric materials
Jaime_C._Grunlan
types of these complexes: Interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) or polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes Stereocomplexes
Interpolymer_complexes
British chemist
areas of Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), energy storage, polyelectrolytes and separation membranes. Budd was educated at St Mary's Primary School
Peter_Budd
interactions and counterion condensation is favored. For many standard polyelectrolytes, this phenomenon is relevant, since the distance between neighboring
Counterion_condensation
French mathematician and statesman (1863–1933)
to the Cylindrical Poisson-Boltzmann Equation with Applications to Polyelectrolytes". Physica A. 244 (1–4): 402–413. arXiv:cond-mat/9701067. Bibcode:1997PhyA
Paul_Painlevé
Aid for drilling boreholes into the ground
deflocculants are used to reduce viscosity of clay-based muds; anionic polyelectrolytes (e.g. acrylates, polyphosphates, lignosulfonates (Lig) or tannic acid
Drilling_fluid
Magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate mineral
dispersion (magnetic stirring, high-speed shearing and ultrasonication) and polyelectrolytes (carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, sodium polyphosphate, and poly(sodium
Palygorskite
Possible alternative biochemicals used by life forms
forms biochemistry can take. For example, Steven Benner, proposes the polyelectrolyte theory of the gene that claims that for a genetic biopolymer such as
Hypothetical types of biochemistry
Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry
Polysaccharide from crustacean shells
better "pick up" chitosan in the form of a water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte. Chitosan readily forms soluble salts with many organic acid anions
Chitosan
water-soluble, forms gels when cross linked, and acts as a cationic polyelectrolyte. It can be used for ion exchange resins. It can form hydrogels. PolyMAPTAC
PolyAPTAC
Chemical compound
Polyacrylamide (abbreviated as PAM or pAAM) is a polymer with the formula (-CH2CHCONH2-). It has a linear-chain structure. PAM is highly water-absorbent
Polyacrylamide
represented a major departure from the conventional wisdom that large polyelectrolyte polymers are required to displace proteins in ion exchange systems
Displacement_chromatography
being either fixed or free. A canonical example is a surface-tethered polyelectrolyte brush with a variety of different fixed charged groups interacting
Lyotropy
Physical phenomenon of electron resonance
SPR curves measured during the adsorption of a polyelectrolyte and then a clay mineral self-assembled film onto a thin (ca. 38 nanometers) gold sensor
Surface_plasmon_resonance
American chemical engineer
develops new materials for energy storage and smart coatings, including polyelectrolytes and redox active polymers. She aspires to develop soft and flexible
Jodie_Lutkenhaus
Method for separation and analysis of biomolecules
"Agarose gel electrophoresis of high molecular weight, synthetic polyelectrolytes". Macromolecules. 22 (5). American Chemical Society (ACS): 2270–2277
Gel_electrophoresis
Type of emulsion
interface. This is evident when observing emulsion stabilization using polyelectrolytes. The most common type of Pickering emulsions are oil-in-water emulsions
Pickering_emulsion
Processes for treating wastewater produced as an industrial by-product
Although flocculation may be used, using alum salts or the addition of polyelectrolytes. Wastewater from industrial food processing often requires on-site
Industrial wastewater treatment
Industrial_wastewater_treatment
Hair care product
of shampoo for this purpose. Hold conditioners, based on cationic polyelectrolyte polymers, hold the hair in a desired shape. These have a function and
Hair_conditioner
Diagnostic tool used in urinalysis
yellow for a reading of 1.030. In an alkaline medium Polyelectrolyte-Hn + Cationsn+ → Polyelectrolyte-Cations + nH+ In an alkaline medium H+ + Bromothymol
Urine_test_strip
with water. The most known example of such systems are polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolyte volume charge creates an equilibrium electric potential
Double_layer_(biology)
In water treatment, the addition of compounds that promote clumping
(2016-06-01). "Advances in the quest for substitute for synthetic organic polyelectrolytes as coagulant aid in water and wastewater treatment operations". Sustainable
Coagulation_(water_treatment)
Medication
be released from the body. Generally, it has long been known that polyelectrolytes—ionic macromolecules of either synthetic or natural origin—serve as
Azoximer_bromide
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Thesis Electromechanics of deformable polyelectrolyte membranes. (1974) Doctoral advisor James Melcher Website https://continuumlab
Alan_Grodzinsky
Process that improves the quality of water
Coagulant aids, also known as polyelectrolytes – to improve coagulation and for more robust floc formation. Polyelectrolytes or also known in the field as
Water_treatment
Canadian chemist and academic
supervision of Derek Gray. Her doctoral research developed multi-layer polyelectrolyte films that contained nano crystalline cellulose. She then moved to
Emily_Cranston
Mechanical property that characterizes a polymer
ISBN 9781139458108. Barrat, J.-L; Joanny, J.-F (1993-11-10). "Persistence Length of Polyelectrolyte Chains". Europhysics Letters. 24 (5): 333–338. Bibcode:1993EL.....24
Persistence_length
Chemical compound
Pelta J, Oukhaled A (3 July 2013). "Exploration of Neutral Versus Polyelectrolyte Behavior of Poly(ethylene glycol)s in Alkali Ion Solutions using Single-Nanopore
Polyethylene_glycol
Comparative measure of electrostatic and thermal energy
electrostatic, electrodynamic and electrokinetic phenomena in electrolytes, polyelectrolytes and colloidal dispersions. In standard units, the Bjerrum length is
Bjerrum_length
Polymer responsive to electric fields
example is a Bucky gel actuator, which is a polymer-supported layer of polyelectrolyte material consisting of an ionic liquid sandwiched between two electrode
Electroactive_polymer
Slovenian physicist (1955–2024)
effect, and biophysics, including the physics of membranes, polymers, polyelectrolytes, DNA, RNA,and viruses. Podgornik was born on 27 August 1955. He and
Rudolf_Podgornik
driven self-assembly of complexes of polyelectrolyte block copolymers with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and surfactants ("block ionomer complexes")
Alexander_Kabanov_(chemist)
Field of study in molecular properties
Peptide-containing biopharmaceuticals (e.g. nanoparticles, liposomes, polyelectrolyte micelles as delivery vehicles) CRISPR - Faster and more efficient gene
Molecular_engineering
Agent which kills bacteria
surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser patterning and layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coating". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 575: 286–297. Bibcode:2020JCIS
Bactericide
Gluey polymers secreted by microorganisms to form biofilms
speculated that the release of complex mixtures of macromolecular polyelectrolytes with high polysaccharide content contributes to the survival strategy
Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular_polymeric_substance
Highly ordered, branched polymeric molecule
(2023). "Elimination of Interface Energy Barriers Using Dendrimer Polyelectrolytes with Fractal Geometry". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 15 (23):
Dendrimer
Phenomenon of surface adhesion
biomedical devices. Polymers may also be adsorbed to surfaces through polyelectrolyte adsorption. Adsorption is the beginning of viral entry, which is the
Adsorption
Polymer
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a composite material where PEDOT (the conductive polymer) provides electrical conductivity
PEDOT:PSS
American chemist
1987) was an American chemist who researched mainly on electrolytes, polyelectrolytes, and polymers. He held Sterling Professor status at Yale University
Raymond_Fuoss
F-block chemical elements
tetracarbonate. Another separation method uses polymeric resins as a polyelectrolyte. Ion exchange processes in the resins result in separation of uranium
Actinide
Salt, anion or ester of a sulfonic acid
papermaking that is otherwise burned as fuel. LS's are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolytes that are mainly used as Dispersants but have many niche applications
Sulfonate
Chemical compound
Liu and Yong Cao "Synthesis of Novel Triphenylamine-based Conjugated Polyelectrolytes and Their Application to Hole-Transport Layer in Polymeric Light-Emitting
Triphenylamine
Polymers that absorb and retain extremely large amounts of liquid
order of 1000:1. Superabsorbent polymers for water are frequently polyelectrolytes. Superabsorbent polymers are crosslinked in order to avoid dissolution
Superabsorbent_polymer
Polymers with cationic and anionic groups
biomaterials. Polyampholytes can exist as either linear water-soluble polyelectrolytes or as cross-linked structures. Weakly cross-linked polyampholytes swell
Polyampholytes
Polymer
water-soluble, forms gels when cross linked, and acts as a strong anionic polyelectrolyte. It can be used for ion exchange resins, and can form hydrogels.
PolyAMPS
Substance added to a material to make it softer and more flexible
Lewis (2002). "Rheological property evolution in concentrated cement-polyelectrolyte suspensions". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 85 (12): 2989–2994
Plasticizer
German chemist (born 1956)
Strasbourg. He is best known for his seminal role in the development of polyelectrolyte multilayers, which is today known as “layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly”
Gero_Decher
Method of nerve regeneration
results the opposition of diffusion gradients and friction between the polyelectrolyte chains. The capillary walls are lined with the precipitated metal alginate
Nerve_guidance_conduit
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
electrolysis, electrolyte, electromagnetic, electron, electronic, polyelectrolyte elem-, alm- pity Greek ἔλεος, ἐλέου (éleos, eléou), ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosúnē)
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
Kazakh scientist, lawyer, engineer, and politician
water-soluble polyelectrolyte with sulfur suspension stabilizing properties (co-author, 2010); Method for producing a water-soluble polyelectrolyte with flocculating
Ashimjan_Akhmetov
Method of producing drug-delivery vehicles
alginate hydrogels, a series of negatively and positively charged polyelectrolytes are assembled layer-by-layer. Alginate is used as the matrix in bio-ink
Bioprinting_drug_delivery
complex topology such as star, dendrimer, and comb polymers, as well as polyelectrolytes, micellar and colloidal materials such as worm-like micelles. Further
Unified_scattering_function
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
polymer molecules (for instance, 0.4 nm thick chains of synthetic polyelectrolytes) under liquid medium. With proper scanning parameters, the conformation
Atomic_force_microscopy
Clumping of particles in suspension
species (e.g., protons, specifically adsorbing ions, surfactants, or polyelectrolytes) may destabilize a particle suspension by charge neutralization or
Particle_aggregation
Two major types of field effect transistors
orgnic electrochemical transistors based on self-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes for reconfigure electronics". Advanced Materials. doi:10.1002/adma
Depletion and enhancement modes
Depletion_and_enhancement_modes
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with E
electrolysis, electrolyte, electromagnetic, electron, electronic, polyelectrolyte elem-, alm- pity Greek ἔλεος, ἐλέου (éleos, eléou), ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosúnē)
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/E
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/E
forces between charged particles in the presence of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes with the multi-particle colloidal probe technique". Advances in Colloid
Colloidal_probe_technique
three main research axes concern: polyelectrolytes, polymers at the interfaces and self-assembly systems. Polyelectrolytes are water-soluble natural or synthetic
Institut_Charles_Sadron
Israeli scientist (1914–1972)
death. He also established a Department of Plastics. Katzir's study of polyelectrolytes led to the development of the field of mechanochemistry. For his innovations
Aharon_Katzir
Slovenian physical chemist (1921–2005)
the University of Ljubljana. He was a physical chemist who studied polyelectrolyte solutions. He is regarded as a founder of modern physical chemistry
Davorin_Dolar
nanotechnologies, ultrathin films, and bio/nanocomposites. His work on developing polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has been recognized by the Alexander
Yuri_Lvov
reaction. SWNHs could also be decorated by gold nanoparticles via a block polyelectrolyte to form water-soluble nanohybrid colloids. This new material is bio-compatible
Single-walled_carbon_nanohorn
Aqueous phase rich in macromolecules
coacervates are the most common, and in that case the solutes are two polyelectrolytes of opposite charge. The Voorn-Overbeek approach applies the Debye-Hückel
Coacervate
Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser patterning and layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coating". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 575: 286–297. Bibcode:2020JCIS
Antimicrobial_surface
Increases the viscosity of a liquid without altering its other properties
Carbomer Alginate Chemistry portal Food portal Mucilage Paint thinner Polyelectrolyte Shear thickening Shear thinning Makhnevich, Alexander; Perrin, Alexandra;
Thickening_agent
colloidal particles. When macromolecules, such as proteins, polymers or polyelectrolytes attach to surfaces, one rather calls this process adsorption. While
Particle_deposition
Swiss professor of chemistry
biological environments. She makes use of water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolytes dissolved in biological systems to unravel their fundamental properties
Natalie_Banerji
Accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces
amines), organic phosphonic acids (for example, etidronic acid), or polyelectrolytes (for example, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, usually with
Fouling
Association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute
1021/acs.jpcb.7b04297. PMID 28816050. A. Chremos; J. F. Douglas (2018). "Polyelectrolyte association and solvation". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 149 (16):
Solvation
British academic
Novel Porous scaffolds of pH Responsive Chitosan/Carrageenan-based Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Tissue Engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014 Feb 14
Serena_Best
Medical intervention
Electrocoagulation offers an alternative to the use of metal salts or polymers and polyelectrolyte addition for breaking stable emulsions and suspensions. The technology
Electrocoagulation
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYELECTROLYTE
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Complete; Perfect-; While
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi
Fully Lighted
Girl/Female
Muslim
Right guidance
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Intelligent Girl
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Christian, English, French
Battleground; From the Land of the Spear; Crowned in Victory Wreath; Prize
Girl/Female
British, English, German, Indonesian
Art
Boy/Male
English American
Keeper of the forest; forest ranger. Famous bearer: actor Parker Stevenson.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian
Calm; Patience
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess Lakshmi, Desired
Female
English
English variant of Spanish Alicia, ALYCIA means "noble sort."
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYELECTROLYTE