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Core of a computer operating system
kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system that always has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel is
Kernel_(operating_system)
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds
Linux_kernel
Telecommunication term
In telecommunications, the term security kernel has the following meanings: In computer and communications security, the central part of a computer or
Security_kernel
Linux kernel security module
Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including
SELinux
Security feature of Microsoft Windows
greatly reduce system security, reliability, and performance. Although Microsoft does not recommend it, it is possible to patch the kernel on x86 editions of
Kernel_Patch_Protection
Line of computers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation
architecture named VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor), also known as the VAX Security Kernel, was developed at Digital with the aim of allowing multiple isolated
VAX
Distributed operating system kernel
compatibility layer, Linux kernel, and LiteOS kernel. The HongMeng Kernel adopts a microkernel architecture, designed to enhance security by isolating critical
HongMeng_Kernel
Computer security technique
of the stack, heap and libraries. When applied to the kernel, this technique is called kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR). The Linux PaX
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Framework to support computer security models
Linux Security Modules (LSM) is a framework allowing the Linux kernel to support, without bias, a variety of computer security models. LSM is licensed
Linux_Security_Modules
Layer of protection in computer systems
are not present on every supported platform. Often the security model is simplified to "kernel" and "user" even if hardware provides finer granularity
Protection_ring
Version history of the Linux kernel
of the Linux kernel, a free, open-source, and Unix-like kernel that is used on many computer systems worldwide. Since the Linux kernel's creation by Linus
Linux_kernel_version_history
Windows NT kernel image
"Windows NT operating system kernel executable"), also known as the kernel image, is an executable file that contains the kernel and executive layers of the
Ntoskrnl.exe
Structure of the operating system
user mode subsystems, deal with I/O, object management, security and process management. The kernel sits between the hardware abstraction layer and the Executive
Architecture_of_Windows_NT
Operating system security architecture
The Flux Advanced Security Kernel (FLASK) is an operating system security architecture that provides flexible support for security policies. It is a joint
FLASK
Type of computer kernel
A separation kernel is a type of security kernel used to simulate a distributed environment. The concept was introduced by John Rushby in a 1981 paper
Separation_kernel
Computer security vulnerability (2026)
Linux kernel that allows unauthorized privilege escalation, disclosed by security firm Theori to the public on 29 April 2026 and to the Linux kernel security
Copy_Fail
A kernel is a component of a computer operating system. It serves as an intermediary connecting software to hardware, enabling them to work together seamlessly
Comparison of operating system kernels
Comparison_of_operating_system_kernels
Microprocessor security vulnerability
the auspices of the National Security Agency's Trusted Products Evaluation Program (TPEP). In July 2012, Apple's XNU kernel (used in macOS, iOS, and tvOS
Meltdown (security vulnerability)
Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)
Family of Unix-like operating systems
of free and open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Some members
Linux
Live kernel patching service for Linux
KernelCare is a live kernel patching service that provides security patches and bugfixes for a range of popular Linux kernels that can be installed without
KernelCare
Linux kernel security module
AppArmor ("Application Armor") is a Linux kernel security module that allows system administrators to restrict programs' capabilities with per-program
AppArmor
Hardening technique in the Linux kernel
Kernel page-table isolation (KPTI or PTI, previously called KAISER) is a Linux kernel feature that mitigates the Meltdown security vulnerability (affecting
Kernel_page-table_isolation
Operating system microkernel
Mach (/mɑːk/) is an operating system kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University by Richard Rashid and Avie Tevanian to support operating system research
Mach_(kernel)
Kernel that provides fewer services than a traditional kernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement
Microkernel
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
security. Some are listed below. The Kernel Authorization framework (or kauth) is a subsystem managing all authorization requests inside the kernel,
NetBSD
Way of using computer memory
and kernel space. This separation primarily provides memory protection and hardware protection from malicious or errant software behaviour. Kernel space
User_space_and_kernel_space
Runtime system for operating systems
that can run programs in a privileged context such as the operating system kernel. It is the successor to the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF, with the "e" originally
EBPF
Fatal error condition in Unix-like operating systems
A kernel panic (sometimes abbreviated as KP) is a safety measure taken by an operating system's kernel upon detecting an internal fatal error in which
Kernel_panic
Linux kernel security module
Tomoyo Linux (stylised as TOMOYO Linux) is a Linux kernel security module which implements mandatory access control (MAC). Tomoyo Linux is a MAC implementation
Tomoyo_Linux
Main distribution point of Linux source code
kernel, with support for both soft tokens and hard tokens. On 28 August 2011, developers at kernel.org realized that there had been a major security breach
Kernel.org
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
monolithic kernel with dynamically loadable modules. The kernel provides process scheduling, virtual memory, networking, storage, filesystems, security frameworks
FreeBSD
Software that manages computer hardware resources
the consequences of a single kernel breach. Unikernels are another approach that improves security by minimizing the kernel and separating out other operating
Operating_system
Linux kernel security module
Smack (full name: Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel) is a Linux kernel security module that protects data and process interaction from malicious
Smack_(software)
Topics referred to by the same term
small container for gunpowder FLASK, the Flux Advanced Security Kernel, an operating system security architecture Flask (unit), a unit used in UK avoirdupois
Flask
Free and open-source VPN protocol
incorporated into the Linux 5.6 kernel, and backported to earlier Linux kernels in some Linux distributions. The Linux kernel components are licensed under
WireGuard
kernel, C library, custom memory allocator (hardened_malloc), and a hardened Chromium-based browser named Vanadium. It also offers privacy/security features
List of security-focused operating systems
List_of_security-focused_operating_systems
Facility (TPF) (IBM) UCLA Secure UNIX – an early secure UNIX OS based on security kernel UNIX/32V DOS/VSE Version 7 Unix 1980 86-DOS AOS/VS (Data General) Apple
Timeline_of_operating_systems
Software run in userspace that offers kernel functionality
NetBSD rump kernel is the first implementation of the "anykernel" concept where drivers either can be compiled into or run in the monolithic kernel or in user
Rump_kernel
Type of video game anti-cheat
Kernel-level anti-cheats are a type of anti-cheat that run at a lower system level, making it harder for cheats to avoid detection. Kernel-level monitoring
Kernel-level_anti-cheat
List of permissions for a system resource
(2005-08-24). "SELinux and grsecurity: A Case Study Comparing Linux Security Kernel Enhancements" (PDF). University of Virginia. Archived from the original
Access-control_list
Computer safety concept
Capability-based security is a concept in the design of secure computing systems, one of the existing security models. A capability (known in some systems
Capability-based_security
Resource limit method in Linux
cgroups (abbreviated from control groups) is a Linux kernel feature that limits, accounts for, and isolates the resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O,
Cgroups
Sandbox facility for Linux kernel
seccomp (short for secure computing) is a computer security facility in the Linux kernel. seccomp allows a process to make a one-way transition into a
Seccomp
Operating system by Google
operating systems such as ChromeOS and Android, Fuchsia is based on a custom kernel named Zircon. It publicly debuted as a Google-hosted git repository in August
Fuchsia_(operating_system)
Computer operating system kernel
XNU ("X is Not Unix") is the computer operating system (OS) kernel developed at Apple Inc. since December 1996 for use in the Mac OS X (now macOS) operating
XNU
Computer operating system
1990). A VMM security kernel for the VAX architecture (PDF). Proceedings. 1990 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy. IEEE
OpenVMS
Dynamically loadable module that extends a running operating system kernel
A loadable kernel module (LKM) is an executable library that extends the capabilities of a running kernel, or so-called base kernel, of an operating system
Loadable_kernel_module
Operating system kernel designed as a replacement for Unix
the GNU Mach microkernel. The Hurd aims to surpass the Unix kernel in functionality, security, and stability, while remaining largely compatible with it
GNU_Hurd
Live patch extension for Linux kernel
is an open-source extension of the Linux kernel that allows security patches to be applied to a running kernel without the need for reboots, avoiding downtimes
Ksplice
Formally verified capability-based microkernel
one-size-fits all security and architecture policies). In this model, a capability is an unforgeable token that both names a kernel object and encodes
SeL4
Time-sharing operating system
concept of per-process stacks[disputed – discuss] in the kernel, with a separate stack for each security ring. It is also the first to have a command processor
Multics
Operating system virtualization paradigm
virtualization is an operating system (OS) virtualization paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, including
OS-level_virtualization
Distributed operating system
layer, the Linux kernel, and the LiteOS kernel. The HongMeng Kernel utilizes a microkernel architecture, which aims to improve security and performance
HarmonyOS_5
Debian-based Linux distribution
focus on security, privacy, and development. Parrot is based on Debian's "stable" branch, with the Linux kernel based on upstream Debian's LTS kernel. The
Parrot_OS
Real-time operating system
architectures and released under the Apache License 2.0. Zephyr includes a kernel, and all components and libraries, device drivers, protocol stacks, file
Zephyr_(operating_system)
Project for adding Rust language to Linux kernel
bugs when writing kernel drivers. Progress has been slower than hoped by both Rust advocates and Linus Torvalds, lead of the Linux kernel project. In December
Rust_for_Linux
History of the Ubuntu operating system
Support For Opt-In Hardware/Kernel Security Restrictions". 23 April 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020. "Linux to get kernel 'lockdown' feature". ZDNet. 23
Ubuntu_version_history
Operating system distribution
Consequently, RHEL may use a Linux kernel with a dated version number, yet the kernel is up-to-date regarding not only security fixes, but also certain features
Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux
Security-focused Linux-based operating system
isolated and protected (as it is running in a separate Linux kernel in a separate VM). Security and privacy experts such as Edward Snowden, Daniel J. Bernstein
Qubes_OS
Feature of the Linux kernel that partitions kernel resources
Namespaces are a feature of the Linux kernel that partition kernel resources such that one set of processes sees one set of resources, while another set
Linux_namespaces
Computer security vulnerability
Dirty COW (Dirty copy-on-write) is a computer security vulnerability of the Linux kernel that affected all Linux-based operating systems, including Android
Dirty_COW
Software designed to enable access to unauthorized locations in a computer
unrestricted security access, but is more difficult to write. The complexity makes bugs common, and any bugs in code operating at the kernel level may seriously
Rootkit
Subsystem of the Linux kernel
The Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) is a subsystem of the Linux kernel responsible for interfacing with GPUs of modern video cards. DRM exposes an API that
Direct_Rendering_Manager
Live patching feature for Linux kernel
feature of the Linux kernel that implements live patching of a running kernel, which allows kernel patches to be applied while the kernel is still running
Kpatch
Computer operating system
July 2024, Microsoft signalled an intention to limit kernel access and improve overall security, following a highly publicised CrowdStrike update that
Microsoft_Windows
scalability seems unlikely in user-space1. Security: Kernel processes run with unlimited privileges. Portability. Every kernel needs a specific implementation route
In-kernel_web_server
Linux kernel mechanism
kexec (kernel execute), analogous to the Unix/Linux kernel call exec, is a mechanism of the Linux kernel that allows booting of a new kernel from the
Kexec
Software security mechanism
In computer security, a sandbox is a security mechanism for separating running programs, usually in an effort to mitigate system failures and/or software
Sandbox_(computer_security)
Type of access control
have a set of security attributes. Whenever a subject attempts to access an object, the operating system kernel examines these security attributes, examines
Mandatory_access_control
Linux kernel interface for storage devices
Computer programming portal Linux portal io_uring is a Linux kernel system call interface for storage device asynchronous I/O operations. It addresses
Io_uring
Family of second-generation microkernels
cross-platform and to improve security, isolation, and robustness. There have been various re-implementations of the original L4 kernel application binary interface
L4_microkernel_family
Security features as used in OpenBSD operating system
reboot runs the new kernel, and yet another kernel is built for the next boot. The internal deltas between functions inside the kernel are not where an attacker
OpenBSD_security_features
Operating system-level virtualization for Linux
Linux systems (containers) on a control host using a single Linux kernel. The Linux kernel provides the cgroups functionality that allows limitation and prioritization
LXC
Windows database that stores users' passwords
familiarity with both the cracking utility software and the security routines of the Windows NT kernel (as well as offline and immediate local access to the
Security_Account_Manager
Piece of software or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines
share a single kernel, though the guest operating systems can differ in user space, such as different Linux distributions with the same kernel. The term hypervisor
Hypervisor
Annual cybersecurity conference
patches for existing trivial bugs in the Linux kernel in ways such that they intentionally introduced security bugs into the software. Four patches were submitted
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
IEEE_Symposium_on_Security_and_Privacy
Processor security vulnerability
"Who's affected by computer chip security flaw". Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04. "Kernel-memory-leaking Intel processor
Spectre (security vulnerability)
Spectre_(security_vulnerability)
Security by granting only essential access
non-zero argument as demonstrated in the Version 6 Unix source code. The kernel always runs with maximum privileges since it is the operating system core
Principle_of_least_privilege
U.S. signals intelligence organization
The National Security Agency (NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the director of national
National_Security_Agency
Protocol for communicating between LLMs and applications
"Integrating Model Context Protocol Tools with Semantic Kernel: A Step-by-Step Guide". Semantic Kernel Dev Blog, Microsoft. Retrieved 2025-05-12. mrajguru
Model_Context_Protocol
Operating system
and interrupt handling. The security kernel also provides I/O services and an IPC message mechanism. The security kernel's data is global to the system
XTS-400
Software interface to attached devices
privileges. A group of security researchers considers the lack of isolation as one of the main factors undermining kernel security, and published an isolation
Device_driver
Kernel feature to share memory pages between multiple processes or virtualised guests
computing, kernel same-page merging (KSM), also known as kernel shared memory, memory merging, memory deduplication, and page deduplication is a kernel feature
Kernel_same-page_merging
Partition used by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
operating systems and various utilities. An ESP contains the boot loaders or kernel images of installed operating systems (which are typically contained in
EFI_system_partition
student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history
History_of_Linux
Topics referred to by the same term
feature of the Linux kernel that implements live patching of a running kernel Ksplice, an extension of the Linux kernel that allows security patches to be applied
Kernel_patch
Arbitrary code execution exploit
exception. Grsecurity is a set of patches for the Linux kernel to harden and improve system security. It includes the so-called return-address protection
Sigreturn-oriented programming
Sigreturn-oriented_programming
Security feature by Apple
X 10.11). It comprises a number of mechanisms that are enforced by the kernel. A centerpiece is the protection of system-owned files and directories against
System_Integrity_Protection
Kernel build is the process of compiling and configuring the Linux kernel source code to generate a functional kernel image that can be loaded into memory
Kernel_build
Kernel-level anti-cheat developed by Riot Games
difficult for cheats to avoid detection. Kernel-level monitoring has been questioned because of its potential security risks. Critics have stated that providing
Riot_Vanguard
Operating modes for central processing unit
often said to have ring-based security, wherein the hierarchy of privileges resembles a set of concentric rings, with the kernel mode in the center. Multics
CPU_modes
Linux kernel interface for cryptography
in the Linux kernel, for various parts of the kernel that deal with cryptography, such as IPsec and dm-crypt. It was introduced in kernel version 2.5.45
Crypto_API_(Linux)
Packet alteration framework for Linux and the umbrella project for software of the same
Netfilter is a framework provided by the Linux kernel that allows various networking-related operations to be implemented in the form of customized handlers
Netfilter
DoD standard for computer security
unevaluated were the production LOCK platform and the cancelled DEC VAX Security Kernel. Beyond A1 System Architecture demonstrates that the requirements of
Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria
Trusted_Computer_System_Evaluation_Criteria
Set of all computer components critical to its security
mechanism that provides its security to the computer system. In operating systems, this typically consists of the kernel (or microkernel) and a select
Trusted_computing_base
Version of the Linux kernel without proprietary code
version of the Linux kernel that contains no binary blobs, obfuscated code, or code released under proprietary licenses. In the Linux kernel, those types of
Linux-libre
OS-level virtualisation
addition to easing kernel development, is to make it easier to support internet-connected computer clusters without compromising local security. Similar concepts
Vkernel
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is a subdiscipline within the field of information security.
Computer_security
Software version that is stable and supported under a long-term or extended contract
Support Kernel at Embedded Linux Conference Europe". Civil Infrastructure Platform. Retrieved 2019-01-16. "Renesas taps new 10-year SLTS kernel from the
Long-term_support
model. For I/O Kit. with Linux-libre kernel and others, but not on Hurd kernel with Linux-libre and Linux kernel work in progress Pistachio supports AMD64;
Comparison of open-source operating systems
Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems
SECURITY KERNEL
SECURITY KERNEL
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Safety Security
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Greek, Latin
Security; Pledge
Boy/Male
Arabic
Security; Safety
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Oriya, Punjabi, Sikh
Treasure; Security; Deposit
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security. Deposit.
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Safety; Security; Peace
Boy/Male
Indian
The granter of security
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Security Guard
Boy/Male
Tamil
Treasure, Security, Deposit
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Security of Allah
Boy/Male
Indian
In protection, Security
Boy/Male
Tamil
Treasure, Security, Deposit
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security of Allah
Boy/Male
Arabic
Security
Boy/Male
Greek
Security.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security. Deposit.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Treasure, Security, Deposit
Boy/Male
Greek
Security.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Treasure, Security, Deposit
Boy/Male
Muslim
In protection, Security
SECURITY KERNEL
SECURITY KERNEL
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Strong Bodied
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
King of the Twice Born
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Net of Indra; Magic
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pakeran | பாகேராந
The Moon and the star
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Abbott.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
South Direction
Male
English
Medieval English name derived from Anglo-Saxon Wigheard, WYOT means "hardy warrior."
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Soul of God
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Season; Made of Gold; Ritu
Girl/Female
Italian
Flying.
SECURITY KERNEL
SECURITY KERNEL
SECURITY KERNEL
SECURITY KERNEL
SECURITY KERNEL
n.
Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as, severity practiced on prisoners of war.
n.
Authority; security; warranty.
v. t.
Pledge; security.
n.
One who becomes surety for another, or engages himself for the performance of another's obligation.
n.
Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; as, the severity of a test.
n.
Freedom; security; immunity.
n.
Hence, carelessness; negligence; heedlessness.
n.
Something given, deposited, or pledged, to make certain the fulfillment of an obligation, the performance of a contract, the payment of a debt, or the like; surety; pledge.
pl.
of Security
n.
Security; guaranty; bail.
n.
An evidence of debt or of property, as a bond, a certificate of stock, etc.; as, government securities.
n.
Freedom from risk; safety.
n.
The condition or quality of being insecure; want of safety; danger; hazard; as, the insecurity of a building liable to fire; insecurity of a debt.
n.
The quality or power of distressing or paining; extreme degree; extremity; intensity; inclemency; as, the severity of pain or anguish; the severity of cold or heat; the severity of the winter.
n.
Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigor; harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or a reproof; severity of discipline or government; severity of penalties.
n.
That which secures or makes safe; protection; guard; defense.
n.
Peace; security; agreement.
n.
Security; warrant; guaranty.
n.
Safety; security.
n.
Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as collateral security.