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Computer operating system kernel
XNU ("X is Not Unix") is the computer operating system (OS) kernel developed at Apple Inc. since December 1996 for use in the Mac OS X (now macOS) operating
XNU
Type of operating system kernel
Darwin operating system. XNU is an acronym for X is Not Unix. Originally developed by NeXT for the NeXTSTEP operating system, XNU was a hybrid kernel combining
Hybrid_kernel
Computer operating system
for the XNU kernel. The command uname -r in Terminal will show the Darwin version number ("20.3.0"), and the command uname -v will show the XNU build version
Darwin_(operating_system)
2021 operating system version
method Software Update Supported platforms x86-64, ARM64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components and content licensed
MacOS_Monterey
Mobile operating system by Apple
on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2020. "xnu/APPLE_LICENSE at main · apple-oss-distributions/xnu". GitHub. Archived from the original on May 31
IOS
2024 operating system version
platforms x86-64 (Intel-based) ARM64 (Apple silicon) Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components and content licensed
MacOS_Sequoia
TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
Congestion Control is implemented in the XNU Kernel, this commit references the XNU Kernel used in Mac OS X Yosemite "xnu/tcp_cc.h at a3bb9fcc43a00154884a30c9080595284c26cec9
CUBIC_TCP
2023 operating system version
method Software Update Supported platforms x86-64, ARM64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components and content licensed
MacOS_Sonoma
Operating system for Apple computers
At macOS's core is a POSIX-compliant operating system built on top of the XNU kernel, (which incorporated large parts of FreeBSD kernel) and FreeBSD userland
MacOS
Operating system microkernel
are the basis of the operating system kernel in GNU Hurd and of Apple's XNU kernel used in macOS, iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS. The project at Carnegie
Mach_(kernel)
Chinese salvationist religious sect
Yiguandao / I-Kuan Tao (traditional Chinese: 一貫道; simplified Chinese: 一贯道; pinyin: Yīguàn Dào; Wade–Giles: I1-Kuan4 Tao4), meaning the Consistent Way or
Yiguandao
2020 operating system version
method Software Update Supported platforms x86-64, ARM64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components Preceded by macOS
MacOS_Big_Sur
2025 operating system version
Supported platforms ARM64 (Apple silicon) x86-64 (Intel) Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components and content licensed
MacOS_Tahoe
2019 operating system version
Update method Software Update Supported platforms x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License APSL and Apple EULA Preceded by macOS Mojave Succeeded by macOS
MacOS_Catalina
Dynamic scheduling algorithm
Real-Time Systems". www.litmus-rt.org. "xnu/osfmk/kern/sched_clutch.md at rel/xnu-6153 · apple-oss-distributions/xnu". GitHub. "SuperTinyKernel RTOS official
Earliest deadline first scheduling
Earliest_deadline_first_scheduling
Packet filter software
"FreeBSD/amd64 5.3-RELEASE Release Notes". 2004-11-03. Retrieved 2018-08-20. "xnu/xnu-1456.1.26/bsd/net/pf.c". Apple, Inc. 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2025-06-22.
PF_(firewall)
2022 operating system version
method Software Update Supported platforms x86-64, ARM64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components and content licensed
MacOS_Ventura
Operating system memory security feature
Windows). On Unix-like operating system kernels, like the Linux kernel or XNU, or those used in as components in larger operating systems like FreeBSD
W^X
Operating systems based on GNU
GNU variants are operating systems based upon the GNU operating system (i.e. whose components include the GNU C library and system libraries; application
GNU_variants
2007 operating system version
physical media Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Commercial proprietary software with Apple Public Source License
Mac_OS_X_Leopard
History of Apple's current Mac operating system
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
MacOS_version_history
Core of a computer operating system
Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, 10 and 11). Apple's macOS uses a hybrid kernel called XNU, which is based upon code from OSF/1's Mach kernel (OSFMK 7.3) and FreeBSD's
Kernel_(operating_system)
2021 mobile operating system
iOS 15 introduced kalloc_type in order to advance memory safety in the XNU kernel. This is primarily to mitigate privilege escalation vulnerabilities
IOS_15
Assignment of a task to a given core of a CPU
apple.com. "xnu/osfmk/kern/affinity.c at e3723e1f17661b24996789d8afc084c0c3303b26 · apple-oss-distributions/xnu". GitHub. XNU source code: xnu/osfmk/arm/cpu_affinity
Processor_affinity
2017 operating system version
Update method Mac App Store Supported platforms x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License APSL and Apple EULA Preceded by macOS Sierra Succeeded by macOS
MacOS_High_Sierra
Standard UNIX utility that prints name and other details about the machine
10.3.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.3.0: Fri Feb 26 11:58:09 PST 2010; root:xnu-1504.3.12~1/RELEASE_I386 i386 The following table contains examples from
Uname
2001 operating system version
operating system derived from NeXTSTEP and BSD. Darwin incorporates the XNU kernel derived from Mach and BSD; it replaces the Mac OS nanokernel used
Mac_OS_X_10.0
Series of Macintosh operating systems
based on Apple's open source Darwin operating system, which is based on the XNU kernel and BSD. macOS is the basis for some of Apple's other operating systems
Mac_operating_systems
Family of personal computers made by Apple
later to macOS. macOS is a derivative of NextSTEP and FreeBSD. It uses the XNU kernel, and the core of macOS has been open-sourced as the Darwin operating
Mac_(computer)
Computer operating system
port the Mach-based XNU kernel to Macintosh. Apple finally resolved its decade-long operating system debacle by adopting the XNU-based NeXTSTEP (codenamed
MkLinux
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
missing) Language family Pama–Nyungan Durubalic Nunukul Dialects jagarabal/jagarabul Nunagal Language codes ISO 639-3 xnu Glottolog None AIATSIS E21
Nunukul_language
bridge the differences between the older PowerPC Macintosh platforms and the XNU kernel environment. The Classic Environment was created as a key element
List_of_built-in_macOS_apps
Apple's media library and media player software
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
ITunes
File format for executables, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps
September 11, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2023. xnu/EXTERNAL_HEADERS/mach-o/loader.h at main - apple-oss-distributions/xnu on GitHub cctools/include/mach/machine-cctools
Mach-O
Period when a computer system is available
information is sysinfo(). On BSD systems and macOS (a combination of BSD and XNU parts), the uptime information is available from the sysctl system, both
Uptime
Scripting application by Apple
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Shortcuts_(Apple)
Software application for Apple platforms
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Notes_(Apple)
9x kernel C++ Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me Microsoft PE monolithic XNU (Darwin kernel) C, C++ macOS, iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, watchOS, OpenDarwin, PureDarwin
Comparison of operating system kernels
Comparison_of_operating_system_kernels
Instant messaging software application
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Messages_(Apple)
Password management system in macOS
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Keychain_(software)
Operating system that behaves similarly to Unix
Unix-like names such as AIX, A/UX, HP-UX, IRIX, Linux, Minix, Ultrix, Xenix, and XNU. These patterns do not literally match many system names, but are still generally
Unix-like
Server software for macOS
Chinese Supported platforms x86-64 (Formerly PPC, IA-32) Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) (mostly monolithic) Default user interface Aqua License Commercial proprietary
Mac_OS_X_Server
iOS stock task management app
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Reminders_(Apple)
MacOS framework
Xcode iOS SDK Interface Builder Aqua (user interface) Rosetta (software) XNU Quartz (graphics layer) X11 QuickDraw SIMBL Swift (programming language)
Cocoa_(API)
Mobile operating system for iPad tablets
platforms ARMv9-A (17.4–present) ARMv8-A (13.0–present) Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) Default user interface Cocoa Touch (multi-touch, GUI) License Proprietary
IPadOS
2013 operating system version
Update method Mac App Store Supported platforms x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License APSL, BSD, GPL v2, and Apple EULA Preceded by OS X Mountain Lion
OS_X_Mavericks
Digital photograph manipulation app by Apple
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Photos_(Apple)
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
state. "Apple Platform Security". Apple Inc. "xnu/bsd/dev/random at xnu-1456.1.26 - apple-oss-distributions/xnu". Apple Inc. Retrieved 1 November 2025. random(4) – Darwin
/dev/random
2002 operating system version
22 years ago (2003-10-03) Supported platforms PowerPC Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Apple Public Source License (APSL) and Apple end-user license agreement
Mac_OS_X_Jaguar
Mac file manager and user interface shell
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Finder_(software)
macOS backup software application
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Time_Machine_(macOS)
Type of operating system kernel
CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE extended for non-idle processors with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL. The XNU kernel from Mac OS X 10.4 on, and the NT kernel from Windows 8 on, are also
Tickless_kernel
Instant messaging service by Apple
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
IMessage
Default macOS terminal emulator
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Terminal_(macOS)
App Store on macOS
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Mac_App_Store
Claris and officially discontinued in 1998 Darwin – the BSD-licensed and XNU-based core of macOS iOS – operating System for iPhones (known as iPhoneOS
List_of_software_by_Apple
Security and privacy features of the iOS operating system
allocator known as kalloc_type that was introduced in iOS 15. Since the XNU kernel is primarily written in memory unsafe languages such as C and C++
Security_and_privacy_of_iOS
Computer networking technology
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Bonjour_(software)
2009 operating system version
Update, physical media Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Commercial software license and Apple Public Source License (APSL)
Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard
Feature of the macOS operating system
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Mission_Control_(macOS)
2012 operating system version
Update method Mac App Store Supported platforms x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Apple Public Source License (APSL) and Apple end-user license agreement
OS_X_Mountain_Lion
Proprietary file sharing between Apple devices
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
AirDrop
2005 operating system version
Software Update Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Commercial proprietary software Preceded by Mac OS X 10.3 Panther
Mac_OS_X_Tiger
Web browser by Apple
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Safari_(web_browser)
2024 mobile operating system
Ukrainian, Vietnamese Update method Software update Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components Preceded by iOS
IOS_18
Image and PDF viewer software by Apple
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Preview_(Apple)
Security feature of macOS
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Gatekeeper_(macOS)
2017. "南华大学医学院". usc.edu.cn. Retrieved 8 February 2017. "欢迎光临湘南学院临床学院". xnu.edu.cn. Retrieved 8 February 2017. "湖南中医药大学临床医学院". hnctcm.edu.cn. Archived
List of medical schools in China
List_of_medical_schools_in_China
Stage 1 and stage 2 bootloader for Apple devices
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
IBoot
Public college in Chenzhou, Hunan, China
Xiangnan University (Chinese: 湘南学院; lit. 'Xiangnan College'; XNU) is a provincial public college in Suxian, Chenzhou, Hunan, China. Despite its English
Xiangnan_University
Design language developed by Apple
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Liquid_Glass
API for audio software in macOS and iOS
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Audio_Units
Security analysis team employed by Google
2017. "Project Zero: Designing sockfuzzer, a network syscall fuzzer for XNU". Project Zero. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2024. "Project Zero:
Project_Zero
Open source browser engine
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
WebKit
Operating system component
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Rosetta_(software)
Apple operating systems from 1984 to 2001
Jobs returned to Apple. macOS also makes use of the BSD codebase and the XNU kernel, and its core set of components is based upon Apple's open source
Classic_Mac_OS
Security feature by Apple
preinstalled Apple applications in /Applications are protected as well. The kernel, XNU, prevents processes without specific entitlements from modifying the permissions
System_Integrity_Protection
Microkernel
Specification (ERS) for NuKernel is contained in its entirety in its patent. XNU, the microkernel in Mac OS X Singh, Amit (2006). Mac OS X Internals. Pearson
Nukernel
2014 operating system version
Update method Mac App Store Supported platforms x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License APSL and Apple EULA Preceded by OS X Mavericks Succeeded by OS X
OS_X_Yosemite
Computer key
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Command_key
System-on-chip processors designed by Apple Inc.
Lightning-to-HDMI adapter. This is a miniature computer with 256 MB RAM, running an XNU kernel loaded from the connected iPhone, iPod Touch, or iPad, then taking
Apple_silicon
Synchronization primitive used in kernel development
now used in the Mac OS X kernel to serialize access to the BSD portion of XNU. A funnel is a mutual exclusion (mutex) mechanism that prevents more than
Funnel_(concurrent_computing)
Apple Watch operating system
platforms ARMv8-A (5.0–present) ARMv7-A (1.0–8.8.2) Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) Default user interface Cocoa Touch (GUI) License Proprietary software except
WatchOS
2015 operating system version
Update method Mac App Store Supported platforms x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License APSL and Apple EULA Preceded by OS X Yosemite Succeeded by macOS
OS_X_El_Capitan
2001 operating system version
24 years ago (2002-06-06) Supported platforms PowerPC Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Apple Public Source License (APSL) and Apple end-user license agreement
Mac_OS_X_10.1
64-bit extension of x86 architecture
macOS General Commands Manual Kevin Van Vechten (August 9, 2006). "re: Intel XNU bug report". Darwin-dev mailing list. Apple Computer. Archived from the original
X86-64
2016 operating system version
Update method Mac App Store Supported platforms x86-64 Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License APSL and Apple EULA Preceded by OS X El Capitan Succeeded by macOS
MacOS_Sierra
2003 operating system version
21 years ago (2005-04-15) Supported platforms PowerPC Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Apple Public Source License (APSL) and Apple end-user license agreement
Mac_OS_X_Panther
Topics referred to by the same term
check web site links Xinu, an educational research-oriented operating system XNU, a computer operating system kernel This disambiguation page lists articles
Xenu_(disambiguation)
2022 mobile operating system
days ago (2026-05-11)) [±] Available in 41 languages Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components Preceded by iOS
IOS_16
Operating system for the Apple TV
platforms ARMv8-A (9.0–) ARMv7-A (4.0–7.9) x86 (1.0-3.0.2) Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) Default user interface 10-foot user interface License Commercial proprietary
TvOS
Kernel event notification mechanism for BSD operating systems
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Kqueue
2020–2023 transition of Apple computers to using Apple-designed ARM-based processors
Transition to Intel processors Transition to Apple silicon Darwin Cocoa XNU Versions Version history Rhapsody (Developer Release) Hera (Server 1.0) Kodiak
Mac transition to Apple silicon
Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon
User interface design language used in Apple's operating systems
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Aqua_(user_interface)
Command in Linux
chflags(1) – Darwin and macOS General Commands Manual (outdated; see newer version) stat.h (flags section in the BSD system source code of the macOS XNU kernel)
Chattr
2020 mobile operating system
manager App Store Supported platforms iPhone, iPod Touch Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) Default user interface Cocoa Touch (multi-touch, GUI) License Proprietary
IOS_14
Hendrix in New York Released: December 1968 (NL) Label: London (379 008 XNU) All songs except "My Heart Is Higher" — — 1969 Eire Apparent Sunrise Released:
Jimi_Hendrix_discography
Copy-on-write file system developed by Apple
System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic
Apple_File_System
Mixed reality operating system made by Apple
headsets, Apple Vision Pro Supported platforms ARMv8-A Kernel type Hybrid (XNU) License Proprietary software with open-source components Official website
VisionOS
Operating system feature to reduce CPU idle time
coalescing has been a feature of Microsoft Windows from Windows 7 onward. Apple's XNU kernel based OS X gained support as of OS X Mavericks. FreeBSD supports it
Timer_coalescing
XNU
XNU
XNU
XNU
Girl/Female
Arabic
Extraordinary; Original; Beautiful
Male
Hebrew
According to Pope Gregory I, this is the name of an archangel. It may be a short form of Hebrew Yesiymael (Jesimiel), SIMIEL means "whom God makes" or "whom God makes grow old." Samael is also sometimes rendered "venom of God."
Male
Slovene
Slovene form of Greek Methodios, METOD means "method."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mohanakalyani | மோஹநாகலà¯à®¯à®¾à®£à¯€
Name of a Raga
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Buddha (Sage/Rishi who cursed her wife Ahalya to be a stone for her immoral conduct)
Girl/Female
Indian, Parsi
Daughter of Iran; Iranian Girl
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Celtic, English, German, Welsh
Little and Womanly; The Dark One; Man; Near the Castle
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
Divine bear.
Female
English
Feminine form of English unisex Page, PAIGE means "page; young servant."
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Mythological, Sanskrit
A Pupil / Student of Guru Dronnachaarya
XNU
XNU
XNU
XNU
XNU