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American life sciences research company
Second Genome is a venture capital funded, life sciences research company based in South San Francisco. The company's focus is on the development and
Second_Genome
All genetic material of an organism
genome is all the genetic information of an organism or cell. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes
Genome
International scientific research project (1990–2003)
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and
Human_Genome_Project
Sequencing all the DNA of an individual at once
Whole genome sequencing (WGS), also known as full genome sequencing or just genome sequencing, is the process of determining the entirety of the DNA sequence
Whole_genome_sequencing
Digital nucleic acid sequence database
A reference genome is a genome assembly that represents the complete genetic sequence of an organism as a continuous string of nucleotides (A, T, C, and
Reference_genome
DNA located in mitochondria
length. The second genome type is a circular genome (about 20–1000 kbp) that also has a plasmid-like structure (1 kb) (type 3). The final genome type found
Mitochondrial_DNA
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
have segmented genomes—the genome is split into smaller molecules—thus reducing the chance that an error in a single-component genome will incapacitate
Virus
via BBC Genome Project. "as Radio 2 – BBC Radio 1". Radio Times. London, United Kingdom. 6 April 1968. Retrieved 2 January 2025 – via BBC Genome Project
United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest
United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest
Breed of cat
publication of the results in a scientific journal. Fundraising for the second genome to be sequenced by the project began September 2016; costs dropped to
Manx_cat
Field of biological research
Comparative genomics is a branch of biological research that examines genome sequences across a spectrum of species, spanning from humans and mice to a
Comparative_genomics
Species of fungus
0). The genome assembly is 42.73 Mbp, with a predicted number of 12789 genes. The second genome is from S. lacrymans S7.3 (v2.0). The genome assembly
Serpula_lacrymans
American geneticist (1946–2026)
He is known for having led one of the first draft sequences of the human genome and led the first team to transfect a cell with a synthetic chromosome.
J._Craig_Venter
Genome of bacteria
Bacterial genomes are generally smaller and less varied in size between species when compared with genomes of eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes can range
Bacterial_genome
Discipline in genetics
focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as
Genomics
the genome of one of the parental species and produce gametes of the other parental species (containing a genome not recombined with the genome of the
Hybridogenesis_in_water_frogs
Method of genome sequencing
Genome skimming is a sequencing approach that uses low-pass, shallow sequencing of a genome (up to 5%), to generate fragments of DNA, known as genome
Genome_skimming
Genus of viruses
transcribes the genome to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation by host ribosomes to produce viral proteins and replicates the genome for progeny viruses
Hantavirus
Method used for sequencing random DNA strands
human genome, as of 2004. Whole genome shotgun sequencing for small (4000- to 7000-base-pair) genomes was first suggested in 1979. The first genome sequenced
Shotgun_sequencing
Science of genes, heredity and variation
the Human Genome Project, Department of Energy, NIH, and parallel private efforts by Celera Genomics led to the sequencing of the human genome in 2003.
Genetics
Life Sciences in Telangana, India
Genome Valley is an Indian high-technology business district spread across 2,000-acre (8.1 km2)/(3.1 sq mi) in Hyderabad, India. It is located across the
Genome_Valley
Superclass of jawless fishes
cyclostomes and gnathostomes went through a genome duplication before their split, and while a second genome duplication occurred in the stem-gnathostomes
Cyclostomi
bioinformatics, hybrid genome assembly refers to utilizing various sequencing technologies to achieve the task of assembling a genome from fragmented, sequenced
Hybrid_genome_assembly
Gene editing method
repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. It is based on a simplified version
CRISPR_gene_editing
Species of conifer
Pinus to have its complete genome sequenced. In March 2014, it was the organism with the largest sequenced genome size. Its genome, with 22 billion base pairs
Pinus_taeda
Viral pulmonary disease of humans
regions at the ends of the genome are highly conserved and participate in the replication and transcription of the genome. Individual hantavirus particles
Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome
2003 Online virtual world platform
Chemical Society's ACS Island, Genome, Virginia Tech's SLATE, and Nature Publishing Group's Elucian Islands Village. Second Life can be a real-time, immersive
Second_Life
Description of the structure and function of a genome
genetics, DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of describing the structure and function of the components of a genome, by analyzing and interpreting
DNA_annotation
Genome database
Ensembl Genomes is a scientific project to provide genome-scale data from non-vertebrate species. The project is run by the European Bioinformatics Institute
Ensembl_Genomes
International research effort on genetic variation
The 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP), taken place from January 2008 to 2015, was an international research effort to establish the most detailed catalogue
1000_Genomes_Project
2018 scientific and bioethical controversy
concerning the use of genome editing following its first use on humans by Chinese scientist He Jiankui, who edited the genomes of human embryos in 2018
He_Jiankui_affair
DNA sequencing
that eukaryotic genomes including primates and humans are complex and have large numbers of long repeated regions. Short reads from second generation sequencing
Third-generation_sequencing
Term in molecular biology
In molecular biology, genome architecture mapping (GAM) is a cryosectioning method to map colocalized DNA regions in a ligation independent manner. It
Genome_architecture_mapping
American drama television series
1974 – BBC Genome". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. "BBC Two England – 17 May 1976 – BBC Genome". genome.ch.bbc.co
The_Waltons
Genus of bacteria
second genome innovation is believed to be more recent. It is predicted that the basal lineage with reduced genomes escaped both episodes of genome innovations
Roseobacter
Bioinformatics software package
reference genomes. The main prediction output corresponds to Enzyme Commission numbers. Piphillin is a tool produced by the company Second Genome that produces
PICRUSt
English actress
Fireworks". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. 16 July 1999. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024. "Sunday Play: Ancient Lights". genome.ch.bbc
Ruth_Gemmell
Molecule that carries genetic information
in prokaryotes. The set of chromosomes in a cell makes up its genome; the human genome has approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA arranged into 46
DNA
Chinese scientist (born 1984)
1984) is a Chinese biophysicist known for his controversial first use of genome editing in humans in 2018. He was listed as one of Time's 100 most influential
He_Jiankui
Species of great ape
Pan troglodytes genome in Ensembl Genome of Pan troglodytes (version Clint_PTRv2/panTro6), via UCSC Genome Browser Data of the genome of Pan troglodytes
Chimpanzee
Project to catalogue genetic mutations responsible for cancer
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a project to catalogue the genomic alterations responsible for cancer using genome sequencing and bioinformatics. The
The_Cancer_Genome_Atlas
Research tool in genomics
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens aim to elucidate the relationship between genotype and phenotype by ablating gene expression on a genome-wide
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens
Genome-wide_CRISPR-Cas9_knockout_screens
Scientific research campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, England
The Wellcome Genome Campus is a scientific research campus built in the grounds of Hinxton Hall, Hinxton in Cambridgeshire, England. The Campus is home
Wellcome_Genome_Campus
Edible fruit
controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding
Apple
Protein-coding gene in humans
sites of deletions leading to hereditary forms of cutaneous melanoma. Second, genome wide association studies have reported a significant association of
CDKN2A
Video game series
Period three launched with Assassin's Creed Shadows, using lessons from the second period of development to make engrossing single-player games similar to
Assassin's_Creed
Type of viruses that cause gastroenteritis
microscopy. Noroviruses contain a linear, non-segmented, positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 7.5 kilobases, encoding a large polyprotein which is cleaved
Norovirus
Phylum of viruses
viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). They have genomes that act as complementary strands from which messenger
Negative-strand_RNA_virus
U.S. nonprofit organization
Nektar Therapeutics Network for Good Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Sanofi Second Genome Standard BioTools The Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC) is
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer
Society_for_Immunotherapy_of_Cancer
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
elongation was 749 nucleotides per second. After DNA replication, the cell must physically separate the two genome copies and divide into two distinct
Gene
Species of virus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which replicates and transcribes the genome. Genome segments are encased in nucleoproteins to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP)
Seoul_virus
American non-profit organization
Pfizer ReachMD Salix Pharmaceuticals Sandoz Sangamo Therapeutics Sanofi Second Genome Seres Therapeutics Shire Syneos Health Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
Crohn's_&_Colitis_Foundation
Country in Oceania
Murphy & van Leeuwen 2021, p. 53 "World-first mapping of complete Koala genome brings hope for the icon's future". Australian Museum. 3 July 2018. Archived
Australia
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
Slatkin M, Hublin JJ, Reich D, Kelso J, Viola TB, Pääbo S (23 October 2014). "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia". Nature
Russia
Austrian biologist and friar (1822–1884)
when the last three of the seven Mendel genes were identified in the pea genome. The profound significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the
Gregor_Mendel
Microbiota that reside on the skin
Grice, Elizabeth; Julia Segre (6 June 2012). "The Human Microbiome: Our Second Genome". Annu Rev Genom Hum Genet. 13 (1): 151–70. doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-090711-163814
Skin_flora
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
mitochondrion-related organelles despite a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. A large number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids
Mitochondrion
Family of apes
reborrowing from French and may originally derive from an Orang Asli word. Whole genome molecular dating analyses indicate that the gibbon lineage diverged from
Gibbon
Species of bacteria
to the accessory genome in which 277 OGs are unique to one strain. There are eleven restriction modification systems in the genome of H. pylori. This
Helicobacter_pylori
Human virus discovered in 1980
kidney failure. The case fatality rate from infection is less than 1%. The genome of PUUV is about 12 kilobases (kb) in length and segmented into three negative-sense
Puumala_virus
Project MinE is an independent large scale whole genome research project that was initiated by 2 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and started
Project_MinE
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
migration. Some Philippine Negritos have a Denisovan admixture in their genome. Ethnic Filipinos generally belong to several Southeast Asian ethnic groups
Philippines
British TV sitcom (1969–1996)
presenting: The Liver Birds". BBC Genome Project. Retrieved 24 February 2024. "Fri 25 Jul 1969, 20:20 on BBC One London". BBC Genome Project. Retrieved 24 February
The_Liver_Birds
DNA profile of a horse
genome was first sequenced in 2006. The Horse Genome Project mapped 2.7 billion DNA base pairs, and released the full map in 2009. The horse genome is
Horse_genome
Genus of large African apes
2016). Genome of Gorilla gorilla, via Ensembl Genome of Gorilla gorilla (version Kamilah_GGO_v0/gorGor6), via UCSC Genome Browser Data of the genome of Gorilla
Gorilla
Palm tree cultivated for its sweet fruit
dry (e.g., Thoory). A draft genome of P. dactylifera (Khalas variety) was published in 2011 followed by more complete genome assemblies in 2013 and 2019
Date_palm
Type of unintended effects of genetic modification techniques
Off-target genome editing refers to nonspecific and unintended genetic modifications that can arise through the use of engineered nuclease technologies
Off-target_genome_editing
Screen". BBC Genome Project. BBC. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2015. "The Scoop". BBC Genome Project. BBC.
Agatha_Christie_bibliography
Species of flowering plant with edible seeds
C. arietinum, but generally produce infertile seeds. Sequencing of the genome has been completed for 90 chickpea genotypes, including several wild species
Chickpea
Eradicated viral disease
towards the closer terminal region of the genome. The coding sequence of the central region of the genome is highly consistent across orthopoxviruses
Smallpox
1847 novel by Emily Brontë
October 1967. p. 7. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021 – via BBC Genome. "Wuthering Heights (1978) – Trailers, Reviews, Synopsis, Showtimes and
Wuthering_Heights
Amino acid peptide
vertebrates, which has four ligands and two receptors, was then created by a second genome duplication that split the gene between UCN2 and UCN3 and between CRF
Urocortin_III
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
enveloped RNA viruses. Upon entry into the target cell, the viral RNA genome is converted (reverse transcribed) into double-stranded DNA by a virally
HIV
Virus that causes COVID-19
than 16 million genome sequences. SARS-CoV-2 has a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome about 30,000 bases long. Its genome has a bias against
SARS-CoV-2
The social genome is the collection of data about members of a society that is captured in ever-larger and ever-more complex databases (e.g., government
Social_genome
Video game franchise
PlayStation Portable, Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel, in 2006. A second digital version, Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée, was released exclusively
Metal_Gear
Country in North America
Schwartz-Marín, Ernesto; Silva-Zolezzi, Irma (2010). ""The Map of the Mexican's Genome": Overlapping national identity, and population genomics". Identity in the
Mexico
Stage in embryonic development
embryonic genome activation, is the stage in embryonic development during which development comes under the exclusive control of the zygotic genome rather
Maternal to zygotic transition
Maternal_to_zygotic_transition
Archaic human species from Asia
to the Denisovan DNA found in Papuan genomes, and a second that is closer to the Denisovan genome from Denisova Cave. This could indicate two separate
Denisovan
Species of bacteria, cause of plague
usually acquired from ingesting contaminated food or water. Several complete genome sequences are available for various strains and subspecies of Y. pestis:
Yersinia_pestis
TV series
BBC Genome Project. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2024. "Father Brown Series 1 Episode 2: The Flying Stars". BBC Genome Project
List_of_Father_Brown_episodes
Species of bacterium
smallest genome of all bacteria, with 112,091 nucleotides. For comparison, the genome of Escherichia coli has 4.6 million nucleotides. The second smallest
Nasuia_deltocephalinicola
The Immunological Genome Project (ImmGen) is a collaborative scientific research project that is currently building a gene-expression database for all
Immunological_Genome_Project
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
comparative analysis of the cat genome". Genome Research. 17 (11): 1675–1689. doi:10.1101/gr.6380007. PMC 2045150. PMID 17975172. "Genome assembly F.catus_Fca126_mat1
Cat
Marvel Comics fictional character
the son of Cyclops and Jean's clone Madelyne Pryor. After Jean died a second time, Beast brought a younger time-displaced version of Jean into the present
Jean_Grey
Genome manipulation method
No-SCAR genome editing is an editing method that is able to manipulate the Escherichia coli (E. coli) genome. The system relies on recombineering whereby
No-SCAR_genome_editing
American mathematician (born 1957)
He founded the Whitehead Institute Center for Genome Research, was a principal leader of the Human Genome Project, and was the founding director of the
Eric_Lander
The genome of most cells of eukaryotes remains mainly constant during life. However, there are cases of genome being altered in specific cells or in different
Somatic_genome_processing
The Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center (BCM-HGSC) was established by Richard A. Gibbs in 1996 when Baylor College of Medicine was
Human Genome Sequencing Center
Human_Genome_Sequencing_Center
Series of plague epidemics
(2019-10-02). "Phylogeography of the second plague pandemic revealed through analysis of historical Yersinia pestis genomes". Nature Communications. 10 (1):
Second_plague_pandemic
Country in East Asia
history of human populations in the Japanese Archipelago inferred from genome-wide SNP data with a special reference to the Ainu and the Ryukyuan populations"
Japan
Measure of the completeness of DNA sequencing
Gabriel, S.; Getz, G. (2010). "Advances in understanding cancer genomes through second-generation sequencing". Nature Reviews Genetics. 11 (10): 685–696
Coverage_(genetics)
Manipulation of an organism's genome
DNA can either be inserted randomly or targeted to a specific part of the genome. An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered
Genetic_engineering
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
other adaptions include greater density of leaf veins and stomata; smaller genome size, leading to smaller cells; higher rates of photosynthesis; and vessels
Flower
Cereal grass and grain
using chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA showed that A. sativa's hexaploid genome derives from three diploid oat species (each with two sets of chromosomes);
Oat
Aggressive type of brain cancer
with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics, such as temozolomide. Studies using genome-wide profiling have revealed glioblastomas to have a remarkable genetic
Glioblastoma
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
was a transport hub and major rail interchange. On 10 January, the virus' genome was shared publicly. A retrospective study published in March found that
COVID-19_pandemic
Domesticated species of canid
UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0/canFam4), via UCSC Genome Browser Data of the genome of Canis lupus familiaris, via NCBI Data of the genome assembly of Canis lupus familiaris
Dog
English actor and film director (1923–2014)
41. 1 April 1950. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020 – via BBC Genome. "Richard Attenborough (1923-2014)". BFI. Retrieved 2 May 2026. Crowther
Richard_Attenborough
Species of great ape
the National Human Genome Research Institute confirmed that the bonobo genome is about 0.4% divergent from the chimpanzee genome. Relationships of bonobos
Bonobo
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. Each sequence within
CRISPR
SECOND GENOME
SECOND GENOME
Boy/Male
English
Protected by God. Grace and protection. From the Old English name Estmund. Commonly used as a...
Girl/Female
Spanish
Lively.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dual, Second
Girl/Female
Indian
Second
Boy/Male
African American American
Of man.
Girl/Female
Indian
Dual, Second
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Richward, a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements rīc ‘power(ful)’ + ward ‘guard’.French : from Old French record, recort ‘recollection’, ‘account’, ‘testimony’, and by extension ‘witness’, hence perhaps a nickname for someone who had given evidence in a court of law, or a metonymic occupational name for a clerk who recorded court proceedings.New England variant of French Ricard, reflecting an Americanized spelling of the Canadian pronunciation.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Second Khalifah
Male
English
Variant spelling of Middle English Estmond, ESMOND means "gracious protector."Â
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Protective Grace
Boy/Male
Scottish American Irish Russian
Second son.
Boy/Male
Scottish American
Second son.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Seònaid, SEONA means "God is gracious."
Girl/Female
Biblical
Second.
Female
English
From the name of the state of Arizona in the United States of America, a place considered sacred by the Native Americans. It was named after Sedona Miller Schnebly (1877-1950), the wife of the city's first postmaster. Meaning unknown.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name composed of the elements ēast ‘grace’, ‘beauty’ + mund ‘protection’. This name was also used by the Norman, among whom it represents a continental Germanic cognate of the Old English name.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Second
Boy/Male
Indian
Second
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, English, French, German
Wealthy Protector; Protected by Grace; Gracious Protector
Boy/Male
Scottish
Second son.
SECOND GENOME
SECOND GENOME
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a lost place in Yardley, Birmingham, recorded in 1645 as Puggmyre Farm. This derives from the name of its 13th-century landlord, Robert Pugg, whose surname is of unknown etymology, + Middle English myre ‘mire’, ‘bog’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Deed, Action
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Radiates Light
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Mautby in Norfolk. Compare Maultsby.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant spelling of Delaney.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Angel, Guard of paradise, Bringer of good news (1)
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Gaelic, German, Scottish, Swedish
Friend of the Sea; Form of Irving; Handsome and Fair; Place Name; Beautiful; Honored Friend
Boy/Male
Arabic
Cure.
Girl/Female
Indian
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Best Among Men
SECOND GENOME
SECOND GENOME
SECOND GENOME
SECOND GENOME
SECOND GENOME
n.
A right of inheritance belonging to a second son; a property or possession so inherited.
n.
One who seconds or supports what another attempts, affirms, moves, or proposes; as, the seconder of an enterprise or of a motion.
imp. & p. p.
of Second
a.
Of the rank or degree below the best highest; inferior; second-rate; as, a second-class house; a second-class passage.
n.
A unit for the measurement of small intervals of time, such that 1012 (ten trillion) of these units make one second.
a.
Having the power of second-sight.
a.
Being of the same kind as another that has preceded; another, like a protype; as, a second Cato; a second Troy; a second deluge.
v. t.
A writing by which some act or event, or a number of acts or events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the acts of the Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of temperature during a certain time; a family record.
adv.
In the second place.
a.
The sixtieth part of a minute of time or of a minute of space, that is, the second regular subdivision of the degree; as, sound moves about 1,140 English feet in a second; five minutes and ten seconds north of this place.
a.
Of the second size, rank, quality, or value; as, a second-rate ship; second-rate cloth; a second-rate champion.
a.
Cutting; divivding into two parts; as, a secant line.
v. t.
An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record.
n.
The second part in a concerted piece.
prep.
Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further than; greater than; as, the patient was beyond medical aid; beyond one's strength.
n.
A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an accused person.
a.
To follow or attend for the purpose of assisting; to support; to back; to act as the second of; to assist; to forward; to encourage.
n.
That which is seen at a second view; a meaning beyond the literal sense; the second intention; a hidden signification.
n.
The second part in a concerted piece; -- often popularly applied to the alto.
adv.
Secondly; in the second place.