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Sequencing all the DNA of an individual at once
Whole genome sequencing (WGS), also known as full genome sequencing or just genome sequencing, is the process of determining the entirety of the DNA sequence
Whole_genome_sequencing
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing is a next-generation sequencing technology used to determine the DNA methylation status of single cytosines by treating
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing
Whole_genome_bisulfite_sequencing
International scientific research project (1990–2003)
make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. It
Human_Genome_Project
Sequencing of all the exons of a genome
sequencing, also known as whole exome sequencing (WES), is a genomic technique for sequencing all of the protein-coding regions of genes in a genome (known
Exome_sequencing
Method used for sequencing random DNA strands
of the precursor technologies that was responsible for enabling whole genome sequencing. For example, consider the following two rounds of shotgun reads:
Shotgun_sequencing
Era of predictive and personalized medicine
The $1,000 genome refers to an era of predictive and personalized medicine during which the cost of fully sequencing an individual's genome (WGS) is roughly
$1,000_genome
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
use of whole-genome shotgun sequencing, eliminating the need for initial mapping efforts. By 2003, the Human Genome Project's shotgun sequencing methods
DNA_sequencing
Cancer genome sequencing is the whole genome sequencing of a single, homogeneous or heterogeneous group of cancer cells. It is a biochemical laboratory
Cancer_genome_sequencing
American biotechnology company
specializing in genomic diagnostics, with a focus on whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) for the diagnosis of rare and inherited disorders
GeneDx
DNA analysis of Turkish populations
with little or no whole genome sequencing data for countries such as Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Therefore, future comprehensive genome-wide studies are
Genetic studies on Turkish people
Genetic_studies_on_Turkish_people
Branch of genomics concerned with the genome of an individual
increased the speed and reduced the cost of sequencing, making it possible to offer whole genome sequencing including interpretation to consumers since
Personal_genomics
Sequences remaining within RNA after RNA splicing
includes both whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. Sequencing an individual's exome instead of their entire genome has been proposed to be
Exome
Genetic mutation not inherited from a parent
types of next generation sequencing is whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing and deep sequencing. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the most unbiased
De_novo_mutation
American company
genomics company based in San Francisco, California. It offers a whole-genome sequencing service. Nebula Genomics was co-founded in 2018 by George Church
Nebula_Genomics
Measure of the completeness of DNA sequencing
most human "whole genome sequencing" results are draft sequences (sometimes above and sometimes below the accuracy defined above). "Sequencing Coverage"
Coverage_(genetics)
Discipline of human genetics
human genome using DNA sequencing techniques. The methods that are the most commonly used are whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing. Both
Personalized_genomics
Discipline in genetics
cells. Genomics also involves the sequencing and analysis of genomes through uses of high throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatics to assemble and
Genomics
Computational analysis of large, complex sets of biological data
whole genome sequencing studies. Some tools have been developed to provide all-in-one rare variant association analysis for whole-genome sequencing data
Bioinformatics
Medical condition
and characterized. With the increasing utilization of exome and whole genome sequencing, it is anticipated that many more individuals will be identified
DeSanto–Shinawi_syndrome
Lab technique in cellular biology
difficulties, most of these analyses are usually done using whole-genome sequencing / whole-exome sequencing (WGS/WES). But advanced bioinformatics tools can call
RNA-Seq
Chinese biotechnology company
disability using whole genome sequencing. In 2016, Complete Genomics contributed over 184 phased human genomes to George Church's Personal Genome Project. In
Complete_Genomics
Tumor-derived fragmented DNA in the bloodstream
normal cells using a whole genome approach.[citation needed] Whole genome or exome sequencing typically use high throughput DNA sequencing technologies. Limiting
Circulating_tumor_DNA
Study of genetic variants in different individuals
haplotypes, which typically have been densely genotyped using whole-genome sequencing. These methods take advantage of sharing of haplotypes between
Genome-wide_association_study
Danish evolutionary geneticist
sequenced the genome of a 4,000-year-old man from the Saqqaq culture of Greenland from his hair. This was the first whole-genome sequencing of an ancient
Eske_Willerslev
Species of bird; ancestor of the chicken
(G. lafayettii) and the Javanese green junglefowl (G. varius). Whole genome sequencing has revealed that the chicken was first domesticated from red junglefowl
Red_junglefowl
Mummified corpse from the Atacama Desert, Chile
origin. In March 2018, Nolan and colleagues published the first whole-genome sequencing study of Ata. The researchers concluded that the remains were those
Atacama_skeleton
American startup company
CAP-accredited. The company launched Health in March 2024. It provides whole-genome sequencing for adults using a saliva sample. An advanced carrier screening
Nucleus_Genomics
In genetics and biochemistry, determining the structure of an unbranched biopolymer
by pyrosequencing than Sanger DNA sequencing. Pyrosequencing has enabled rapid genome sequencing. Bacterial genomes can be sequenced in a single run with
Sequencing
Personal genomics startup in Danvers, Massachusetts, USA
company's press release, it was among the first companies to offer whole genome sequencing and interpretation for under $1,000. It was co-founded in 2014
Veritas_Genetics
Medical researcher in Japan
Repeat (VNTR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers) and whole genome sequencing, leading the research field of personalized medicine. Nakamura
Yusuke_Nakamura_(geneticist)
DNA testing for endangerment assessment
Genome sequencing of endangered species is the application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies in the field of conservation biology, with
Genome sequencing of endangered species
Genome_sequencing_of_endangered_species
Method of DNA sequencing developed in 1977
higher volume Sanger sequencing has been replaced by next generation sequencing methods, especially for large-scale, automated genome analyses. However,
Sanger_sequencing
DNA / RNA sequencing technique
human genome sequencing, plant genome sequencing, monitoring of antibiotic resistance, haplotyping and other applications. Nanopore sequencing took 25
Nanopore_sequencing
Species of fungus
naphtho-γ-pyrones. The genome of A. eucalypticola was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project
Aspergillus_eucalypticola
Collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism
genome coverage. Genomic libraries are commonly used for sequencing applications. They have played an important role in the whole genome sequencing of
Genomic_library
Research organization in New York, United States
COVID-19 genomics research. The Center leverages strengths in whole genome sequencing, genomic analysis, and development of genomic tools to advance
New_York_Genome_Center
The Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center (BCM-HGSC) was established by Richard A. Gibbs in 1996 when Baylor College of Medicine was
Human Genome Sequencing Center
Human_Genome_Sequencing_Center
Tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse
by genome instability: cancers, as assessed by whole genome sequencing, frequently have between 10,000 and 100,000 mutations in their entire genomes. Cancers
Malignancy
variants are increasingly being studied, as a consequence of whole exome and whole genome sequencing efforts. While these variants are individually infrequent
Rare_variant_(genetics)
Project to catalogue genetic mutations responsible for cancer
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a project to catalogue the genomic alterations responsible for cancer using genome sequencing and bioinformatics. The
The_Cancer_Genome_Atlas
Scientific instrument that automates the DNA sequencing process
7 short-read sequencing platforms using the Korean Reference Genome: MGI and Illumina sequencing benchmark for whole-genome sequencing". GigaScience
DNA_sequencer
Shrub growing in brackish water
compared with those of other systems. Rhizophoreae as revealed by whole-genome sequencing Wetlands portal Coastal management Mangrove swamp Mangrove restoration
Mangrove
Genus of carnivores
littoralis). These two fox species are found in the Western Hemisphere. Whole genome sequencing indicates that, among living canids, Urocyon is sister to the remaining
Urocyon
Topics referred to by the same term
Sequencing may refer to: DNA sequencing Whole genome sequencing This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Genetic sequencing.
Genetic_sequencing
Type of unintended effects of genetic modification techniques
target mutations in the non-coding region of the genome. In case of whole genome sequencing, the entire genome is screened for off target mutations. Currently
Off-target_genome_editing
and validated using whole-genome sequencing data — which provides the depth and breadth of coverage needed to resolve subtle genome-wide patterns — their
Fragmentomics
Vaccine against Variola virus
vaccinia was subsequently recognized as a separate viral species. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed that vaccinia is most closely related to horsepox
Smallpox_vaccine
Health technology company
announced a collaboration with Microsoft and Nvidia to build a whole-genome sequencing application on the platform, using Nvidia's Parabricks genomics
Sophia_Genetics
Prehistoric inhabitants in Japan
"Whole-Genome Sequencing of a 900-Year-Old Human Skeleton Supports Two Past Migration Events from the Russian Far East to Northern Japan". Genome Biology
Jōmon_people
Breed of cat
Meng, Hao; Miao, Lin; Yu, He; Luo, Shu-Jin (25 August 2016). "Whole Genome Sequencing Identifies a Missense Mutation in HES7 Associated with Short Tails
Japanese_Bobtail
DNA sequencing using the concept of massively parallel processing
Sanger sequencing machines. However, the early 2000s saw many new companies entering the market, driven by the goal of reducing genome sequencing costs
Massively_parallel_sequencing
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
sequencing of 88% of human genome, but as of 2020, at least 8% was still missing. In 2021, scientists reported sequencing a complete, female genome (i
Human_genome
Congenital extreme form of developmental delay and neoteny
several genes implicated in the syndrome. Prior to 2015, when whole genome sequencing was used to identify some genes involved in NCS, the condition
Neotenic_complex_syndrome
Sub-field of genomics
approach of whole cancer genome sequencing in identifying somatic mutations and the importance of parallel sequencing of normal and tumor cell genomes. In 2011
Oncogenomics
Examines sequence information from individual cells
amplifying the whole genome or region of interest, constructing sequencing libraries, and then applying next-generation DNA sequencing (for example Illumina
Single-cell_sequencing
Species of bear
W.; Zhu, L.; Li, D.; Zhang, X.; Chen, Q.; Zhang, H. (2013). "Whole-genome sequencing of giant pandas provides insights into demographic history and
Giant_panda
Statistical methods for testing associations between rare genetic variants and phenotypes
association tests are commonly applied to sequencing data from whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and targeted resequencing studies. Instead
Rare variant association testing
Rare_variant_association_testing
Species of fungus
genome of A. neoauricomus was sequenced as a part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project - a project dedicated to performing whole-genome
Aspergillus_neoauricomus
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and
Endogenous_retrovirus
the 1900s, but it has been replaced by genotypic methods such as whole genome sequencing for epidemiological characterization. Phage typing is based on
Phage_typing
Species of fungus
the mouse bloodstream. Several draft genomes from whole genome sequencing have been published. C. auris has a genome size of 12.3–12.5 Mb with a GC-content
Candida_auris
Topics referred to by the same term
Gene sequencing may refer to: DNA sequencing, the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA Whole genome sequencing
Gene_sequencing
American geneticist (born 1954)
that offers a whole-genome sequencing service. The company says that it is developing its own blockchain, intending to provide free sequencing in exchange
George_Church_(geneticist)
Link between a disease and the causal genetic entity
sequences of the actual genomes or exomes via whole genome sequencing or whole exome sequencing. Before 2010, DNA sequencing methods were used. Genetic
Genetic_association
Subspecies of canine
related to the red wolf. Commencing in 2016, two studies using whole genome sequencing indicate that North American gray wolves and wolf-like canids were
Eastern_wolf
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
the presence of lipoteichoic acid due to compensatory mutations. Whole genome sequencing results revealed that when Cyclic-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (GdpP)
Mutation
All genetic material of an organism
sequence Pan-genome Precision medicine Regulator gene Whole genome sequencing Graur, Dan; Sater, Amy K.; Cooper, Tim F. (2016). Molecular and Genome Evolution
Genome
platform for storing whole genome sequencing data of microorganisms, for the identification of relevant genes and for the comparison of genomes to detect and
Global_microbial_identifier
DNA analysis of Sinhalese populations
ancestral origins of the Sinhalese people. A 2025 study utilizing whole genome sequencing has shown that the Sinhalese exhibit a close genetic proximity
Genetic_studies_on_Sinhalese
Breed of cat
Dr. Rachel Glover of Douglas, Isle of Man, to perform the first whole genome sequencing of the Manx cat, uncovering the genetic mutations that make the
Manx_cat
Volcanic supereruption 74,000 years ago in Indonesia
More recently, reconstructions of human demographic history using whole-genome sequencing and discoveries of archaeological cultures within the Toba ash
Youngest_Toba_eruption
Person who turned 110 years old
LongeviQuest, and the Supercentenarian Research Foundation. In May 2021, whole genome sequencing analysis of 81 Italian semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians
Supercentenarian
Single nucleotide in genomic DNA at which different sequence alternatives exist
investigating disease transmission patterns and population structure. Whole-genome sequencing approaches utilize SNP variation to define transmission clusters
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Single-nucleotide_polymorphism
Biological theory
set of strategies explored earlier by Edwards and Caskey. This whole-genome sequencing method became immensely popular as it was championed by Celera
DNA_sequencing_theory
Species of fungus
and aculeacins. The genome of A. aculeatinus was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project
Aspergillus_aculeatinus
DNA sequencing method
be used for whole-genome and region sequencing, transcriptome analysis, metagenomics, small RNA discovery, methylation profiling, and genome-wide protein-nucleic
Illumina_dye_sequencing
Species of fungus
species. The whole genome sequencing of W. ichthyophaga revealed that it has one of the smallest of all sequenced basidiomycetous genomes (9.6 Mbp, only
Wallemia_ichthyophaga
Species of carnivorous plant
pharmacological interest, and was the first sundew to undergo whole-genome sequencing. Although often uncommon and localised in its native range, it
Drosera_capensis
Bangladeshi-American writer
Magazine. Newson, Ainsley (December 1, 2014). "Whose genome is it anyway? Ethics and whole genome sequencing before birth". BioNews. Retrieved December 16,
Razib_Khan
British microbiologist (born 1959)
Cambridge. Peacock is known for her work on the use of microbial whole genome sequencing in diagnostic and public health microbiology, for research and
Sharon_Peacock
Species of fungus
The genome of A. bisporus was sequenced as a part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project - a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing
Aspergillus_bisporus
Enzyme from bacteriophage ϕ29
(2006). "Assessment of whole genome amplification-induced bias through high-throughput, massively parallel whole genome sequencing". BMC Genomics. 7: 216
Φ29_DNA_polymerase
Study of the role of the genome in drug response
possible types of input can be used: genotyping, or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations
Pharmacogenomics
Laboratory process
sex identification. One research team used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to compare male and female genomes and found over 4 megabases of female-specific
Genotyping
person. Genome informatics is commonly used in oncology to identify tumor-specific mutations and develop targeted treatments. Advances in sequencing technology
Genome_informatics
combines a genome-wide association study (GWAS) study with whole genome sequencing: Phase 1 of Project MinE consists of whole genome sequencing of 300 DNA
Project_MinE
Species of bacteria
DNA-DNA Hybridization Analysis Following PromethION Nanopore-Based Whole Genome Sequencing Allows for Accurate Prokaryotic Typing". Diagnostics. 14 (16):
Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis
Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis
Malignancy that develops from epithelial cells
procedures. Whole genome sequencing has established the mutation frequency for whole human genomes. The mutation frequency in the whole genome between generations
Carcinoma
Research project to synthesise the human genome
genomes will result in many scientific and medical advances. In May 2021, GP-Write and Twist Bioscience launched a new CAD platform for whole genome design
Genome_Project–Write
Method of genome sequencing
Genome skimming is a sequencing approach that uses low-pass, shallow sequencing of a genome (up to 5%), to generate fragments of DNA, known as genome
Genome_skimming
British geneticist
Biomedical Research Centre Genetics Theme. Her research considers whole genome sequencing and ways to integrate genetic research into the National Health
Jenny_Taylor_(scientist)
Ancient ethnic group in northern Honshū, Japan
"Whole-Genome Sequencing of a 900-Year-Old Human Skeleton Supports Two Past Migration Events from the Russian Far East to Northern Japan". Genome Biology
Emishi
American biotechnology company
disorders. The study is intended to evaluate the potential use of whole-genome sequencing in newborn screening. In September 2025, Revvity announced a collaboration
Revvity
Study of genes found in the environment
whole-genome expression and quantification of a microbial community, first employed in analysis of ammonia oxidation in soils. Metagenomic sequencing
Metagenomics
Species of large cat
million years ago. The tiger's whole genome sequencing shows repeated sequences that parallel those in other cat genomes. The fossil species Panthera palaeosinensis
Tiger
DNA sequencing technology
reads to a reference genome. After purchasing Complete Genomics, the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) refined DNA nanoball sequencing to sequence nucleotide
DNA_nanoball_sequencing
Degraded DNA fragments circulating in bodily fluids
programmes and active transcriptional states could be inferred from whole-genome sequencing of plasma DNA. Subsequent studies demonstrated that cfDNA fragmentation
Circulating_free_DNA
harvest specific organisms. Using methods such as differential media or genome sequencing, physicians and scientists can observe novel functions in organisms
Diagnostic_microbiology
East Asian ethnic group
diversity of the Japanese population: Insights from a large-scale whole genome sequencing analysis". PLOS Genetics. 19 (12) e1010625. doi:10.1371/journal
Yamato_people
Species of bacterium
Sensitivities recorded as: Sensitivite (S), Resistant (R) or Intermediate (I). The genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. 'myrophorea', isolate McG1 was deposited at
Streptomyces_sp._'myrophorea'
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WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a large, ungainly person, from Middle English hwal ‘whale’ (Old English hwæl).
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Whole.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Whole
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Genny, probably GENNIE means "race of women."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Whole
Boy/Male
Tamil
Whole
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Whole
Surname or Lastname
French (Jérôme) and English
French (Jérôme) and English : from the medieval
personal name Jérôme (French), Jerome (English),
from Greek HierÅnymos (see Hieronymus). This achieved
some popularity in France and elsewhere, being bestowed in honor of St
Jerome (?347–420), creator of the Vulgate, the standard Latin
version of the Bible.English (of Norman origin) : from a personal
name, Gerram, composed of the Germanic elements gÄr, gÄ“r ‘spear’ + hraban ‘raven’.A Jerome is recorded in Montreal in 1655 with the secondary
surnames Beaune and Leblanc. Another bearer of the name,
from Brittany, is recorded in Montreal in 1705 with the secondary
surname
Girl/Female
Indian
Whole
Male
Hawaiian
Hawaiian form of Greek Hieronymos, KELOME means "holy name."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Whole
Boy/Male
Arabic
Whole
Boy/Male
Hindu
Whole
Female
English
Variant spelling of Latin Lenora, LENORE means "foreign; the other."
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly southwest England)
English (mainly southwest England) : topographic name for someone who lived by a depression or low-lying spot, from Old English holh ‘hole’, ‘hollow’, ‘depression’.Norwegian : habitational name from any of numerous farmsteads, so named from the dative singular or indefinite plural form of Old Norse hóll ‘round hill’, ‘mound’.Shortened form of Dutch van (den) Hole, a habitational name from the common place name Hol, meaning ‘hollow’, ‘depression’, ‘valley’, or a topographic name from the same term.
Male
English
English form of French Jérôme, JEROME means "holy name."
Boy/Male
Australian, French, German, Greek, Jamaican
Sacred Name; Holy Name
Boy/Male
Indian
Whole
Boy/Male
Hindu
Whole
Girl/Female
Greek
Whole.
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
WHOLE GENOME-SEQUENCING
a.
Whole.
superl.
A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader.
a.
Complete; entire; not defective or imperfect; not broken or fractured; unimpaired; uninjured; integral; as, a whole orange; the egg is whole; the vessel is whole.
n.
A portrait or statue representing the whole figure.
a.
Having numerous or conspicuous veins; veiny; as, a venose frond.
v. i.
To go or get into a hole.
superl.
Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.
a.
Containing the total amount, number, etc.; comprising all the parts; free from deficiency; all; total; entire; as, the whole earth; the whole solar system; the whole army; the whole nation.
n.
A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States.
v. t.
To corrupt by lewd intercourse; to make a whore of; to debauch.
n.
To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball.
conj.
During the time that; as long as; whilst; at the same time that; as, while I write, you sleep.
n. sing. & pl.
A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa.
p. p.
of Become
a.
Representing the whole figure; -- said of a picture or statue.
n.
Space of time, or continued duration, esp. when short; a time; as, one while we thought him innocent.
n.
To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for the insertion of rails or bars.
superl.
Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop .
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