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Eradicated viral disease
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally
Smallpox
Vaccine against Variola virus
The smallpox vaccine is used to prevent smallpox infection caused by the variola virus. It is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious
Smallpox_vaccine
Building in Manhattan, New York
The Smallpox Hospital, sometimes referred to as the Renwick Smallpox Hospital and later the Maternity and Charity Hospital Training School, was a hospital
Smallpox_Hospital
Smallpox Bay is a bay on the west side of San Juan Island in the U.S. state of Washington. Smallpox Bay was named for the fact that a group of indigenous
Smallpox_Bay
Smallpox was a variable yet often fatal viral infectious disease. Even with good nursing, it regularly killed around 30% of recognised cases. Though widespread
Smallpox_in_Australia
The history of smallpox extends into pre-history. Genetic evidence suggests that the smallpox virus emerged 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Prior to that, similar
History_of_smallpox
Event leading to the last known smallpox death
In 1978, a smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom led to the death of Janet Parker, a British medical photographer. She was the last person recorded to
1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
1978_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_United_Kingdom
Old World plagues that decimated the indigenous population. Epidemics of smallpox, typhus, influenza, diphtheria, and measles swept the Americas subsequent
Native American disease and epidemics
Native_American_disease_and_epidemics
Japanese mythological figure
Smallpox demon (Japanese: 疱瘡神, Hōsōgami, Hōsōshin) or smallpox devil is a demon which was believed to be responsible for causing smallpox in medieval
Smallpox_demon
Debate about the future of smallpox samples
The smallpox virus retention debate has been going on among scientists and health officials since the smallpox virus was declared eradicated by the World
Smallpox virus retention debate
Smallpox_virus_retention_debate
English physician (1749–1823)
physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms vaccine and vaccination are
Edward_Jenner
2002 British docudrama
Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon is a fictional docudrama produced by Wall to Wall, showing how a single act of bioterrorism leads to terrifying consequences
Smallpox_2002
Species of poxvirus
immunity to the deadly smallpox. Jenner referred to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). However, the origins of the smallpox vaccine became murky
Vaccinia
1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa
to as pneumonic plague or pea pox, which was very possibly a variant of smallpox. The popular notion that the disease was primarily spread by rats and their
Black_Death
The history of smallpox in Mexico spans approximately 430 years, from the Spanish invasion and colonization of Central America until its official eradication
History_of_smallpox_in_Mexico
UK communicable disease incident
The 1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom was an outbreak of mild smallpox which began with Tony McLennan, a photographer at the Medical School
1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
1966_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_United_Kingdom
Puritan clergyman (1663–1728)
researched the variolation method of inoculation as a means of preventing smallpox contagion, which he learned about from an African-American slave whom he
Cotton_Mather
Preparation for acquired immunity to disease
to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from
Vaccine
1633 smallpox outbreak
The Massachusetts smallpox epidemic or colonial epidemic was a smallpox outbreak that hit Massachusetts in 1633. Smallpox outbreaks were not confined
Massachusetts smallpox epidemic
Massachusetts_smallpox_epidemic
2018 book by Mark Pallen
The Last Days of Smallpox: Tragedy in Birmingham is a 2018 nonfiction account of the events leading up to and following the 1978 smallpox outbreak in the
The_Last_Days_of_Smallpox
Disease outbreak in Yugoslavia
The 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak was the largest outbreak of smallpox in Europe after the Second World War. It was centered in Kosovo, a province of
1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak
1972_Yugoslav_smallpox_outbreak
Administration of a vaccine to protect against disease
to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of diseases such as polio and tetanus from much of
Vaccination
Former method of smallpox immunisation
was the method of inoculation first used to immunize individuals against smallpox (Variola) with material taken from a patient or a recently variolated individual
Variolation
Disease outbreak in North America
The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic was a major outbreak of smallpox that began in Victoria, on Vancouver Island, and quickly spread among Indigenous
1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
1862_Pacific_Northwest_smallpox_epidemic
Country in South America
from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2009. "Drought, Smallpox, and Emergence of Leishmania braziliensis in Northeastern Brazil" Archived
Brazil
epidemics in history. Pandemic portal Globalization and disease History of smallpox List of infectious diseases List of natural disasters by death toll#Deadliest
List of epidemics and pandemics
List_of_epidemics_and_pandemics
Disease outbreak in North America
North American smallpox epidemic. Estimates based on remnant settlements say at least 130,000 people were estimated to have died from smallpox in the epidemic
1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic
1775–1782_North_American_smallpox_epidemic
Disease outbreak in the United States
Between 1836 and 1840, smallpox became widespread across the Great Plains. The epidemic reached its height following the spring of 1837, when an American
1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic
1837_Great_Plains_smallpox_epidemic
Last naturally acquired case of smallpox (1954–2013)
person known to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola minor smallpox. The disease was diagnosed in October 1977 and Maalin made a full recovery
Ali_Maow_Maalin
Book by Michael Bennett
War Against Smallpox: Edward Jenner and the Global Spread of Vaccination is a 2020 book by historian and academic Michael J. Bennett. It describes "the
War_Against_Smallpox
Disease outbreak in Boston, USA
In 1721, Boston experienced its worst outbreak of smallpox (also known as variola). 5,759 people out of around 10,600 in Boston were infected and 844 were
1721_Boston_smallpox_outbreak
Smallpox epidemic that afflicted much of Japan
The 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic (天平の疫病大流行, Tenpyō no ekibyō dairyūkō; "Epidemic of the Tenpyō era") was a smallpox epidemic that afflicted much
735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic
735–737_Japanese_smallpox_epidemic
Smallpox outbreak in Bradford, England
An outbreak of smallpox in Bradford in 1962 first came to attention on 11 January 1962, when a cook from the children's hospital in Bradford, West Riding
Bradford smallpox outbreak of 1962
Bradford_smallpox_outbreak_of_1962
Type of steel rod used to administer smallpox vaccine
is a needle type known for its use during the World Health Organization smallpox eradication campaign. The bifurcated needle was invented in 1965 by microbiologist
Bifurcated_needle
Disease outbreak in Australia
1789, Sydney, Australia, experienced one of its most violent outbreaks of smallpox when the disease swept through Aboriginal and colonial Australians on the
1789_Sydney_smallpox_outbreak
British virologist
Medical School, where his research focused on smallpox and monkeypox virus. Bedson was head of the smallpox laboratory at Birmingham when Janet Parker,
Henry_Bedson
2002 nonfiction book by Richard Preston
the Freezer is a 2002 nonfiction book on the biological weapon agents smallpox and anthrax and how the American government develops defensive measures
The_Demon_in_the_Freezer
Reluctance or refusal of vaccines
appropriate way to deal with smallpox outbreaks and was listed as one of the "important events in the history of smallpox control" by those most involved
Vaccine_hesitancy
War of 1529–1532. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Vaccine against smallpox and mpox
US) against smallpox and mpox, having fewer side effects than smallpox vaccines derived from other poxviruses. This third-generation smallpox vaccine has
Modified_vaccinia_Ankara
Last known person to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola major smallpox
naturally occurring Variola major smallpox, the more deadly variety of the disease. Rahima Banu's case of smallpox at three years old was reported to
Rahima_Banu
English surgeon and apothecary (1738–1824)
the discovery of the smallpox vaccine. In 1768 Fewster realized that prior infection with cowpox rendered a person immune to smallpox. Fewster was educated
John_Fewster
Hindu goddess
ghouls, pustules, and diseases, and most directly linked with the disease smallpox. Shitala is worshipped on Tuesday, Saptami and Ashtami (the seventh and
Shitala
Capital city of New South Wales, Australia
the Cumberland Plain. By 1804, the colony was self-sufficient in food. A smallpox epidemic in April 1789 killed about half the region's Indigenous population
Sydney
Smallpox outbreak from a Soviet bioweapon test
The Aral smallpox incident was a 30 July 1971 outbreak of the viral disease which occurred as a result of a field test at a Soviet biological weapons (BW)
1971_Aral_smallpox_incident
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
his mother Fen ingested a vibranium-laced herb to gain immunity from smallpox while pregnant with her son. The effects of the herb caused her and the
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: M–Z
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_M–Z
Disease outbreak in India
The 1974 smallpox epidemic in India infected 188,000 people, leading to the deaths of 31,000 Indians. The media reported the smallpox epidemic as the most
1974 smallpox epidemic in India
1974_smallpox_epidemic_in_India
Gene variant
smallpox epidemic. Although plague has killed a greater number people in a given time period, smallpox has collectively taken more lives. As smallpox
CCR5-Δ32
Country in Southeast and Central Europe
to March 1978. The 1972 smallpox outbreak in SAP Kosovo and other parts of SR Serbia was the last major outbreak of smallpox in Europe since World War
Serbia
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
stockpiled the biological agents that cause anthrax, plague, tularemia, smallpox, botulism and others. Genetic engineering improved agent stability and
Soviet_Union
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
and Europe for centuries. Rhazes was the first to identify the diseases smallpox and measles. Public hospitals of the time issued the first medical diplomas
Islam
Disease outbreak in Guam
An epidemic of smallpox in 1856 on the west Pacific island of Guam, then under the control of Spain, resulted in the death of over half of the population
1856_Guam_smallpox_epidemic
Country in South America
decline in population due to conquest as well as Eurasian diseases, such as smallpox, to which they had no immunity. Regarding the land as deserted, the Spanish
Colombia
Disease of humans and animals
often deadly smallpox disease. Its close resemblance to the mild form of smallpox and the observation that dairy farmers were immune to smallpox inspired
Cowpox
Country in East Asia
well as the development of Buddhist-inspired artwork and architecture. A smallpox epidemic in 735–737 is believed to have killed as much as one-third of
Japan
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
Church School, where he excelled. Stalin faced health problems: an 1884 smallpox infection left him with facial scars, and at age 12, he was seriously injured
Joseph_Stalin
Most populous city in Illinois, US
standards for the medical profession and fought urban epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever were both passed and enforced. These laws became templates
Chicago
Country within the United Kingdom
most influential entrepreneurs in history. The physician Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine is said to have "saved more lives ... than were lost in all the
England
Stoic philosopher, Roman emperor from 161 to 180
nine days" were among the symptoms. It is believed that the plague was smallpox. In the view of historian Rafe de Crespigny, the plagues afflicting the
Marcus_Aurelius
Smallpox outbreak
The 1947 New York City smallpox outbreak occurred in March 1947 and was declared ended on April 24, 1947. The outbreak marked the largest mass vaccination
1947 New York City smallpox outbreak
1947_New_York_City_smallpox_outbreak
opposed compulsory smallpox vaccination for smallpox from the final decades of the 19th century through the 1910s. During this period, smallpox vaccination was
Anti-vaccine_activism
7th episode of the 7th season of House
Oosterzoon, a Dutch slave ship, travels to Bermuda. There is an outbreak of smallpox among the African captives and, fearing quarantine, the crew throw the
A_Pox_on_Our_House
English polymath (1642–1727)
London. In a surviving letter written in 1700 while she was recovering from smallpox, Newton closed with the phrase "your very loving uncle", expressing familial
Isaac_Newton
Siege during Pontiac's War
Ecuyer, a Swiss mercenary in British service, may have given items from a smallpox infirmary as gifts to Native American emissaries with the hope of spreading
Siege_of_Fort_Pitt
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
either documented or speculated to have suffered from are depression, smallpox, and malaria. He took blue mass pills, which contained mercury, to treat
Abraham_Lincoln
Family of viruses
Chordopoxvirinae infect vertebrates. Diseases associated with this family include smallpox. Four genera of poxviruses can infect humans: Orthopoxvirus, Parapoxvirus
Poxviridae
Medical condition
vaccine-associated smallpox rash, is a self-limiting, cutaneous condition characterized by a sudden eruption of a rash following the smallpox vaccination injection
Roseola_vaccinia
Italian navigator and explorer (1451–1506)
caused by smallpox, which may have caused a pandemic only after the arrival of Hernán Cortés in 1519. According to some estimates, smallpox had an 80–90%
Christopher_Columbus
The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling Smallpox is a book written by Jennifer Lee Carrell. In 2015 Senator Rand Paul praised the book during
The_Speckled_Monster
Country in East Africa
threat of smallpox. An outbreak of either rinderpest or pleuropneumonia greatly affected the Masai's cattle, while an epidemic of smallpox affected the
Kenya
Valet to Abraham Lincoln (1833–1864)
of the onset of smallpox. At that time, an epidemic was spreading through Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's son Tad Lincoln had smallpox. Johnson tended
William_Henry_Johnson_(valet)
Complication of smallpox vaccines
was associated with vaccination with vaccinia virus during the worldwide smallpox eradication campaign. With mortality ranging between 25 – 30% it is the
Postvaccinal_encephalitis
Transfers between the Old and New Worlds
culture. New WorldOld World Maize ▶ ◀ Wheat Turkey ▶ ◀ Cattle Syphilis ▶ ◀ Smallpox Smoking ▶ ◀ Christianity The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian
Columbian_exchange
1918–1920 global influenza pandemic
Croydon typhoid (1937) NYC smallpox (1947) Wrocław smallpox (1963) Yugoslav smallpox (1972) London flu (1972–1973) Indian smallpox (1974) 1977 Russian flu
Spanish_flu
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
agents cheating local Indians of their supplies, and their devastation from smallpox and measles spread by white settlers, he developed empathy for their plight
Ulysses_S._Grant
Acts of genocide committed against Indigenous peoples in Canada
historical records as the 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic. The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic started in Victoria on Vancouver Island
Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples
Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples
Disease outbreak in Poland
The smallpox epidemic in Wrocław was the last outbreak of smallpox in Poland and one of the last in Europe (the 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak was last)
1963 Wrocław smallpox epidemic
1963_Wrocław_smallpox_epidemic
epidemics of the 19th century included long-standing epidemic threats such as smallpox, typhus, yellow fever, and scarlet fever. In addition, cholera emerged
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century
Diseases_and_epidemics_of_the_19th_century
Largest city in the United Arab Emirates
Kingdom took responsibility for the emirate's security in 1892. In 1841, a smallpox epidemic broke out in Bur Dubai, forcing residents to relocate east to
Dubai
Habsburg monarch from 1740 to 1780
the Archduchess in 1723. These plans were forestalled by his death from smallpox that year. Leopold Clement's younger brother, Francis Stephen, was invited
Maria_Theresa
Pharaoh in the ancient Egypt
form of modern smallpox dates back to 1580 AD, this study merely indicates that the strains of smallpox circulating at the time of smallpox eradication had
Ramesses_V
British Army general (1717–1797)
contracted smallpox. A month later the use of smallpox blankets was discussed by Amherst himself in letters to Bouquet. Amherst, having learned that smallpox had
Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst
Rejected AIDS origin hypotheses
eradicated smallpox". An article in The Times suggested this, attributing to an unnamed "adviser to WHO" the quote "I believe the smallpox vaccine theory
Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories
Widespread, often global, epidemic of severe infectious disease
human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases such as smallpox. The Black Death, caused by the Plague, caused the deaths of up to half
Pandemic
Continent
arrival, primarily due to the introduction of Eurasian diseases, such as smallpox, to which the indigenous peoples lacked immunity, and because of violent
North_America
U.S. Founding Father and president from 1789 to 1797
the climate would cure his brother's tuberculosis. Washington contracted smallpox during the trip, which left his face slightly scarred and provided immunity
George_Washington
Method of inducing immunity against disease
variolation (from the Latin word variola = smallpox), the predecessor to the smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine, introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796
Inoculation
11 British ships establishing an Australian penal colony
introduced smallpox in the Aboriginal population". Other historians have disputed the idea that there was a deliberate release of smallpox virus and/or
First_Fleet
Elimination of a disease from all hosts
population to zero. Two infectious diseases have successfully been eradicated: smallpox in humans, and rinderpest in ruminants. As of 2026[update], the Carter
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication_of_infectious_diseases
Russian government public health agency
levels 1–4. It is one of two official repositories for the now-eradicated smallpox virus, and was part of the system of laboratories known as the Biopreparat
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR
State_Research_Center_of_Virology_and_Biotechnology_VECTOR
U.S. state
as other Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, experienced smallpox outbreaks from the late 18th through the mid-19th century, with the most
Alaska
Disease outbreak in Iceland
Iceland experienced one of its deadliest outbreaks of smallpox beginning in 1707. The epidemic, known in Iceland as Stórabóla, ultimately killed between
1707–08 Iceland smallpox epidemic
1707–08_Iceland_smallpox_epidemic
Country of islands in the Caribbean
diseases to which they had no immunity; half of the Lucayans died from smallpox alone. As a result of these depredations the population of the Bahamas
The_Bahamas
Viral disease of humans and animals
zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, which causes smallpox, is also in this genus. Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct
Mpox
Queen of France from 1774 to 1792
poise, and loved dolls. The death of her older sister Maria Josepha from smallpox during the epidemic in Vienna in October 1767 made an everlasting impression
Marie_Antoinette
African man enslaved in Boston
an African (likely Akan) man who was instrumental in the mitigation of smallpox in Boston, Massachusetts. He introduced his enslaver, Puritan clergyman
Onesimus_(Bostonian)
541–549 AD in the Byzantine Empire, later northern Europe
Croydon typhoid (1937) NYC smallpox (1947) Wrocław smallpox (1963) Yugoslav smallpox (1972) London flu (1972–1973) Indian smallpox (1974) 1977 Russian flu
Plague_of_Justinian
bioterrorism using smallpox virus. The campaign aimed to provide the smallpox vaccine to those who would respond to an attack, establishing Smallpox Response Teams
2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign
2003_United_States_smallpox_vaccination_campaign
Fall of a complex human society
about how the disease first entered the continent (see History of smallpox). Smallpox continued to be a deadly disease and killed an estimated 300 million
Societal_collapse
Overview of diseases in colonial America
Mortality was high for infants and small children, especially for diphtheria, smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria. Most sick people turned to local healers, and
Disease_in_colonial_America
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Protector of Earth
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Swahili
Successor; Viceroy; Caliph
Girl/Female
Muslim
Obedient, Who rescues the people from hungry and pain brings Joy into peoples life
Boy/Male
French Italian Hebrew Spanish
Born on Easter.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Abhitosh | அபீதோஷÂ
Boy/Male
Arabic
Heart; Soul
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
King Rama
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Light of the Beloved
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Bud; The Mango Tree
Girl/Female
Tamil
Name of a sage
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
v. t.
To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face pitted by smallpox.
n.
Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases.
superl.
Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease.
a.
Marked by smallpox; pitted.
n.
An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever.
n.
The act, art, or practice of vaccinating, or inoculating with the cowpox, in order to prevent or mitigate an attack of smallpox. Cf. Inoculation.
n.
Inoculation with smallpox.
n.
A mark or pit made by smallpox.
a.
Resembling smallpox; pertaining to the disease called varioloid.
n.
A slight, navel-like depression, or dimpling, of the center of a rounded body; as, the umbilication of a smallpox vesicle; also, the condition of being umbilicated.
a.
The smallpox as modified by previous inoculation or vaccination.
v. t.
To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught fire.
n.
A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized by a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at first a collection of papules which become vesicles (first flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough after a certain time, often leaving a pit, or scar.
v. t.
To communicate a disease to ( a person ) by inserting infectious matter in the skin or flesh; as, to inoculate a person with the virus of smallpox,rabies, etc. See Vaccinate.
n.
The smallpox.
n.
The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.
a.
Depressed in the middle, like a navel, as a flower, fruit, or leaf; navel-shaped; having an umbilicus; as, an umbilicated smallpox vesicle.
a.
Of or pertaining to the smallpox; having pits, or sunken impressions, like those of the smallpox; variolar; variolic.
a.
Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.
a.
Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.