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Class of computer processors
A scalar processor is classified as a single instruction, single data (SISD) processor in Flynn's taxonomy. The Intel 486 is an example of a scalar processor
Scalar_processor
Computer processor which works on arrays of several numbers at once
hardware component the vector processor is often called a vector processing unit (VPU). This is in contrast to scalar processors, whose instructions operate
Vector_processor
CPU that implements instruction-level parallelism within a single processor
processor. In contrast to a scalar processor, which can execute at most one single instruction per clock cycle, a superscalar processor can execute or start
Superscalar_processor
Central computer component that executes instructions
A central processing unit (CPU), also known as a central processor, main processor, or simply processor, is the primary processor in a given computer
Central_processing_unit
Mainframe computer from DEC
9000's CPU was coupled with a vector processor with a maximum theoretical performance of 125 MFLOPS. The vector processor circuitry was present in all units
VAX_9000
Open-source network switching framework
io Wiki. 2017-05-27. Retrieved 2020-08-12. "Scalar vs Vector packet processing — The Vector Packet Processor 20.01 documentation". fd.io. Retrieved 2020-08-12
Vector_Packet_Processing
Series of graphics processing units produced by ARM Holdings
Real, H.263. The Mali V52 video processor was released with the Mali G52 and G31 GPUs in March 2018. The processor is intended to support 4K (including
Mali_(processor)
Multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture
the Cell processor can be split into four components: external input and output structures, the main processor called the Power Processing Element (PPE)
Cell_(processor)
implementation containing a vector processor unit and a scalar processor fabricated in a 0.15 μm CMOS process with copper interconnects, whereas the SX-5 was
NEC_SX-6
Quickly accessible working storage available as part of a digital processor
A processor register is a quickly accessible storage location available to a computer's processor. Registers usually consist of a small amount of fast
Processor_register
Register in a CPU control unit holding the currently-executing instruction
retrieving the operands from memory, allocating processor resources to execute the command (in super scalar processors), etc. The output of the IR is available
Instruction_register
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
location in the memory, the processor checks whether the data from that location is already in the cache. If so, the processor will read from or write to
CPU_cache
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
cycle (IPC = 1). These processors are known as scalar processors. The canonical example of a pipelined processor is a RISC processor, with five stages: instruction
Parallel_computing
Model of processes governing behavior controlled by time
The scalar timing or scalar expectancy theory (SET) is a model of the processes that govern behavior controlled by time. The model posits an internal
Scalar_expectancy
Google core for computational photography
four lanes of simplified PEs called "halo". The STP has a scalar processor, called scalar lane (SCL), that adds control instructions with a small instruction
Pixel_Visual_Core
Supercomputer built by NEC Corporation
performance of 102.4 gigaFLOPS. For non-vectorized code, there is a scalar processor that runs at half the speed of the vector unit, i.e. 1.6 GHz. Up to
NEC_SX-9
Proposed theories of gravity
are scalar theories because the gravitational field is a scalar. Other proposed alternatives include scalar–tensor theories that contain a scalar field
Alternatives to general relativity
Alternatives_to_general_relativity
Type of parallel processing
hypercube-connected network or processor-dedicated RAM to find its operands. Supercomputing moved away from the SIMD approach when inexpensive scalar multiple instruction
Single instruction, multiple data
Single_instruction,_multiple_data
Statistical transform
a more efficient method for scalar processors (e.g. old CPUs), while the Box–Muller transform is superior for processors with vector units (e.g. GPUs
Box–Muller_transform
supercomputer applications. Another difference is that the main scalar units of the processor ran at half the speed of the vector unit. According to Amdahl's
Fujitsu_VP2000
Algebraic structure in linear algebra
together and multiplied ("scaled") by numbers called scalars. The operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication must satisfy certain requirements
Vector_space
Field theory of scalar fields
theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a relativistically invariant classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant
Scalar_field_theory
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
vector as well as scalar quantizers. Because quantization is a many-to-few mapping, it is an inherently non-linear and irreversible process (i.e., because
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Range of mainframe-class supercomputers
very long vectors are used. The scalar processor was deliberately simplified to provide room for the vector processor and is relatively slow in comparison
CDC_Cyber
high-order bits of the 32-bit ROMP-computed virtual address. The ROMP is a scalar processor with a three-stage pipeline. In the first stage, if there are instructions
IBM_ROMP
AMD computing architecture
their own alternative. A single AI engine is a 7-way VLIW processor that offers vector and scalar capabilities, enabling parallel execution of multiple operations
AI_engine
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
of the era generally shared memory between the processor and the framebuffer, which allowed the processor to quickly update the contents of the screen without
Arm_architecture_family
person born abroad of Nigerian heritage. Ezekiel Izuogu Multi-core processor — Processor with multiple CPUs, by computer scientist and Stanford professor
List of Nigerian inventions and discoveries
List_of_Nigerian_inventions_and_discoveries
Applying operations to whole sets of values simultaneously
languages) have been engineered specifically to generalize operations on scalars to apply transparently to vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays
Array_programming
Four-dimensional number system
nonzero, non-scalar quaternions, or positive scalar quaternions, have exactly two roots, while 0 has exactly one root (0), and negative scalar quaternions
Quaternion
Classification of computer architectures
processors had scalar PUs (1 bit in SOLOMON, 64 bit in ILLIAC IV) but modern SIMT processors - GPUs - invariably have SWAR ALUs. Pipelined processor –
Flynn's_taxonomy
composed of two chips - one for the scalar portion of the processor, and the other for the vector portion. The scalar chip was also notable for including
Cray_J90
Japanese supercomputer
are 32 scalar registers, whereas the other models have 16. In all models, the scalar processor has a large 256 kilobyte cache. The vector processor has a
HITAC_S-810
Embedded microprocessor by Alchemy Semiconductor
Semiconductor unveiled the first member of the family, the Au1000 processor, at the Embedded Processor Forum in San Jose, CA, on June 13, 2000, with limited customer
Alchemy_(processor)
Integration over a non-flat region in 3D space
surface, one may integrate over this surface a scalar field (that is, a function of position which returns a scalar as a value), or a vector field (that is,
Surface_integral
Broad concept generalizing scalars in mathematics and physics
single scalar quantity. The term may also be used to refer to elements of vector spaces, that can be added together and multiplied ("scaled") by scalars. In
Vector (mathematics and physics)
Vector_(mathematics_and_physics)
technology from IBM for coupling together multiple scalar floating point units to act as a single vector processor. Certain computing tasks are more efficiently
IBM_ViVA
American electrical engineer and chip designer
and K7 processor teams. He was vice president of the Advanced Architecture Labs, responsible for technology development in the areas of processor, multimedia
Mike_Johnson_(technologist)
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
physics theory. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson that couples to (interacts with) particles whose mass arises from
Higgs_boson
Branch of mathematics
scalar multiplication, takes any scalar a and any vector v and outputs a new vector av. The axioms that addition and scalar multiplication must satisfy are
Linear_algebra
Japanese supercomputer
a scalar and vector processor, similar to the architecture of the S-810. The scalar processor is based on the Hitachi M-series mainframe processor, so
HITAC_S-820
Stochastic processes
If h(t) is a non-zero scalar function of t, then Z(t) = h(t)X(t) is also a Gauss–Markov process If f(t) is a non-decreasing scalar function of t, then Z(t)
Gauss–Markov_process
American supercomputer manufacturer
scaling to 500,000 processors and 50 petaflops of peak performance, combines Cray's Gemini interconnect, AMD's multi-core scalar processors, and Nvidia's Tesla
Cray
Computer component
main memory, and the processor can retrieve the frame number from the page-table entry to form the physical address. The processor also updates the TLB
Translation_lookaside_buffer
AMD neural processing unit microarchitecture
A VLIW + SIMD vector processor optimized for high-throughput compute tasks and tensor operations. A scalar RISC-style processor responsible for control
AMD_XDNA
GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia
of a number of stream processors (SPs). Unlike the vector processing approach taken with older shader units, each SP is scalar and thus can operate only
Tesla_(microarchitecture)
Microprocessor microarchitecture
unit time (> 1) is generally greater than a scalar pipeline. In contrast, a throughput oriented processor architecture is designed to maximize the amount
Latency oriented processor architecture
Latency_oriented_processor_architecture
Term in linguistics
In pragmatics, scalar implicature, or quantity implicature, is an implicature that attributes an implicit meaning beyond the explicit or literal meaning
Scalar_implicature
Microprocessor designed by Fujitsu
architecture containing scalar and vector processors. The Fujitsu-designed VIIIfx was to have been the scalar processor, with the vector processor to have been jointly
SPARC64_V
Microprocessor
a 100 MHz part fabricated in a 0.5 μm process that used a 3.3 V power supply. The R4600 is a scalar processor, issuing up to one instruction per cycle
R4600
Combinational digital circuit
depend on the architecture of the encapsulating processor and the operation being performed. Processor architectures vary widely, but in general-purpose
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Subset of x86 instruction set architecture for floating-point arithmetic
purposes, as the main processor (RapidCAD-1, a 486DX) includes an integrated FPU by default. NexGen's Nx587 FPU for the Nx586 processor, released in 1995
X87
Supercomputer
CPU. The processor had forty-eight 32-bit registers, a huge number for the time. 16 of the registers were used for addressing, 16 for scalar operations
TI Advanced Scientific Computer
TI_Advanced_Scientific_Computer
Scalar control of an AC electrical motor is a way to achieve the variable speed operation by manipulating the supply voltage or current ("magnitude") and
Scalar_control
American computer company
1983 as the 90x superminicomputer, which used their custom 32-bit scalar processor running at 8 MHz. Although the architecture was marketed as a RISC
Pyramid_Technology
Instruction set extension by Intel
Fastest Gaming Processor?". www.techpowerup.com. 30 March 2021. ""Add rocketlake to gcc" commit". gcc.gnu.org. "Intel Celeron 6305 Processor (4M Cache, 1
AVX-512
Vector space with generalized dot product
called an inner product. The inner product of two vectors in the space is a scalar, often denoted with angle brackets such as in ⟨ a , b ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle
Inner_product_space
Combination of the diffusion and convection (advection) equations
the advection–diffusion equation, drift–diffusion equation, or (generic) scalar transport equation. The general equation in conservative form is ∂ c ∂ t
Convection–diffusion_equation
Type of integrated circuit
A massively parallel processor array, also known as a multi purpose processor array (MPPA) is a type of integrated circuit which has a massively parallel
Massively parallel processor array
Massively_parallel_processor_array
Supercomputer manufactured by Cray Research
comparison, the processor in a typical 2013 smart device, such as a Google Nexus 10 or HTC One, performs at roughly 1 GFLOPS, while the A13 processor in a 2019
Cray-1
1974 supercomputer
Data Corporation (CDC). It was one of the first machines to use a vector processor to improve performance on appropriate scientific applications. It was
CDC_STAR-100
Line of desktop and mobile microprocessors produced by Intel
The Pentium III (marketed as Intel Pentium III Processor, informally PIII or P3) brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile CPUs based on the
Pentium_III
the original term of rugby is still widespread. Scalar processors As opposed to Vector processors. Scripted series Created in the wake of the success
List_of_retronyms
Computer processor
precision. A Scalar Processing Unit (SPU) handles non-vector instructions on each of the cores. The memory of the SX-Aurora TSUBASA processor consists of
NEC_SX-Aurora_TSUBASA
Matrix of second derivatives
a square matrix of second-order partial derivatives of a scalar-valued function, or scalar field. It describes the local curvature of a function of many
Hessian_matrix
Human-readable data serialization language
the same file). Custom data types are allowed, but YAML natively encodes scalars (such as strings, integers, and floats), lists, and associative arrays
YAML
Quantum field theory with four-point interactions
self-interaction in a scalar field. Other types of quartic interactions may be found under the topic of four-fermion interactions. A classical free scalar field φ {\displaystyle
Quartic_interaction
Calculus of vector-valued functions
§ Generalizations below for more). A scalar field smoothly assigns a scalar value to every point in a space. The scalar is a mathematical number representing
Vector_calculus
64-bit extension of the ARM architecture
computer processor designs. It was introduced in 2011 with the ARMv8 architecture and later became part of the ARMv9 series. AArch64 allows processors to handle
AArch64
Type of computing error
Edward J. (2002). "Error detection by duplicated instructions in super-scalar processors". IEEE Transactions on Reliability. 51 (1): 63–75. Bibcode:2002ITR
Soft_error
Series of supercomputers
effort started to commercialize the design by combining it with a scalar processor to create an all-in-one design. The result was the VP-100 and VP-200
Fujitsu_VP
Computer chip instruction set extension
scalar floating-point operations to be mixed without the performance hit from explicit MMX/floating-point mode switching. SSE introduced both scalar and
Streaming_SIMD_Extensions
Energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects
field can be simply expressed as the gradient of a certain scalar function, called a scalar potential. The potential energy is related to, and can be obtained
Potential_energy
Computer hardware technology
contrast to the normal processor initialization [which involved the boot-strap-processor (BSP) sending a Start-up Inter-Processor Interrupt (SIPI) to each
Trusted_Execution_Technology
Computing paradigm to improve computational efficiency
high-performance central processing units (CPUs) to make use of instruction cycles that would otherwise be wasted. In this paradigm, a processor executes instructions
Out-of-order_execution
Theory extending Einstein gravity
an additional scalar boson and the massless graviton, ensuring that general relativity is recovered at low energies. The additional scalar particle appears
Quadratic_gravity
Relational database management system
Parser, Emitter, and Compiler. D4 Runtime - including relational, and scalar processing Storage Integration layer - real-time translation to various dialects
Dataphor
Signal processing technique used in radar
\mathbf {W} =\kappa \mathbf {R} ^{-1}s} where κ {\displaystyle \kappa } is a scalar that does not affect the SINR. The optimal detector input is given by: y
Space-time adaptive processing
Space-time_adaptive_processing
Vector space equipped with a bilinear product
consisting of a set together with operations of multiplication and addition and scalar multiplication by elements of a field and satisfying the axioms implied
Algebra_over_a_field
Type of stochastic process
are where unit roots exist in the model. Let Y {\displaystyle Y} be any scalar random variable, and define a time-series { X t } {\displaystyle \left\{X_{t}\right\}}
Stationary_process
System-on-a-chip designed by Apple Inc.
machine learning matrix scalar multiplication accelerators (which Apple calls AMX blocks). The A14 also includes a new image processor with improved computational
Apple_A14
Intel SIMD processor supplementary instruction sets introduced by Intel
Extensions 2) is one of the Intel SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) processor supplementary instruction sets introduced by Intel with the initial version
SSE2
Series of supercomputers by NEC
is a vector processor, and each VE core has a Scalar Processing Unit (SPU) with 64 scalar registers of 64 bits, and a Vector Processing Unit (VPU) with
NEC_SX
Computer instruction set architecture
and includes extensions for the POWER7 processor and e500-mc core. One significant new feature is vector-scalar floating-point instructions (VSX). Book
Power_ISA
SIMD CPU instruction set
vector element-wise addition/multiplication and vector scalar addition/multiplication, process multiple bytes of data in a single CPU instruction. The
SSE4
Massively parallel processing computer
The Goodyear Massively Parallel Processor (MPP) was a massively parallel processing supercomputer built by Goodyear Aerospace for the NASA Goddard Space
Goodyear_MPP
Form of conditionals in computer programming
corresponding elements in the vector registers being processed, whereas scalar predication in scalar instruction sets only need the one predicate bit. Where
Predication (computer architecture)
Predication_(computer_architecture)
or a human brain) along with measured or computed data. The data may be scalar (such as the concentration of a chemical agent in the brain), vector or
IBM_OpenDX
Mathematical function
Cartesian and spherical geometry, on surfaces and in volumes, on graphs, and in scalar, vector, and tensor forms. Without reference to any of these particularities
Slepian_function
Microprocessor
microcontrollers. In 1989, Motorola introduced the 68302 communications processor. This processor was formerly supplied by Freescale and NXP after Motorola spun
Motorola_68000
data-parallel processing among the CEs. The scalar instruction cycle time for the original CE was 170 ns, the vector processor was twice as fast as the scalar processor
Alliant_Computer_Systems
computational speed. It is a vector equivalent of the register bypass for scalar operations. The chaining technique was first used by Seymour Cray in the
Chaining_(vector_processing)
American computer scientist
an early advocate of many-core processor design to overcome the power and performance limitations of single-processor designs. Gschwind co-authored an
Michael_Gschwind
Method of CPU communication
space for I/O is less of a problem, as the memory address space of the processor is usually much larger than the required space for all memory and I/O
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port-mapped_I/O
Extension to the x86 instruction set
processor supports both FMA3 and FMA4. June 2013: Intel Haswell processor supports FMA3. February 2017: The first generation of AMD Ryzen processors officially
FMA_instruction_set
Problems with central processing unit design
the processor has been cleared of all instructions and can proceed free from hazards. All forms of stalling introduce a delay before the processor can
Hazard (computer architecture)
Hazard_(computer_architecture)
Computer architecture to aid parallelism
these firms. A processor that executes every instruction one after the other (i.e., a non-pipelined scalar architecture) may use processor resources inefficiently
Very_long_instruction_word
Music theory of harmony
process", "pedal notes" (a held note, typically in the bass, around which other parts move), "rhythmic harmony", "harmony by imitation", and "scalar clusters"
Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony
Traditional_sub-Saharan_African_harmony
Process of energy transfer to an object via force application through displacement
done is given by the dot product of the two vectors, where the result is a scalar. When the force F is constant and the angle θ between the force and the
Work_(physics)
Concepts from linear algebra
λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , where λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is a scalar, then v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } is called an eigenvector of A {\displaystyle
Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors
SCALAR PROCESSOR
SCALAR PROCESSOR
Female
Hebrew
(סְמָדַר) Variant form of Hebrew Semadar, SMADAR means "bud" or "blossom."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Moonlit
Biblical
(or Aijeleth Shahar) the land of the morning
Boy/Male
Dutch
Scholar.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Farsi, Iranian, Kurdish, Muslim, Parsi, Pashtun
Leader
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 2' Lord Scales.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Leader
Female
Hebrew
(ש×ַחַר) Variant spelling of Hebrew unisex Shachar, SHAHAR means "dawn" or "morning."
Boy/Male
Slavic
Wreath of glory.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname for a person who could read and write, at a time when education was the exception rather than the rule.English and Scottish : According to Reaney, a local name from Old Norse skáli ‘hut’ + erg ‘shieling’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Old Norse sker ‘rock’, later dialect scar ‘rocky cliff’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Leader
Male
Hebrew
(ש×ָרָר) Hebrew name SHARAR means "enemy" or "to be firm, hard." In the bible, this is the name of the father of Ahiam.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Schuyler, SKYLAR means "protection, shelter."Â
Male
Irish
Irish name SCANLAN means "scandal."
Girl/Female
Dutch American
Sheltering.
Girl/Female
African, American, Australian, British, Chinese, Dutch, English, Scandinavian
Sheltering; Scholar; Eternal Life; Strength; Love and Beauty; Learned One; Protection; Shelter
Boy/Male
American, British, Chinese, Dutch, English, Scandinavian
Scholar; Shield; Protection; Learned One; Shelter
Male
Norse
Variant form of Old Norse Ãsvaldr, ÓSVALDR means "divine power" or "divine ruler."
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Hebrew Shelach, SALAH means "a missile, weapon." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Arphaxad. Compare with another form of Salah.
SCALAR PROCESSOR
SCALAR PROCESSOR
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish, Swedish
Gift of God
Girl/Female
French
Feminine of Charles meaning manly.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Buddha
Boy/Male
Muslim
Flashing, Bright, Brilliant
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire)
English (chiefly Lancashire) : occupational name for a picker of fruit or vegetables or a reaper of cereal crops, from an agent derivative of Middle English cropt(en) ‘to pick’. The word was used also to denote the polling of cattle and the name may therefore have been given to someone who did this.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Lives in the Beautiful Glen
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vyshakh | வà¯à®¯à¯à®·à®¾à®•
Biblical
gracious; one who gives
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, Greek, Irish
Poet; Honors God
Boy/Male
Muslim
Victor
SCALAR PROCESSOR
SCALAR PROCESSOR
SCALAR PROCESSOR
SCALAR PROCESSOR
SCALAR PROCESSOR
imp. & p. p.
of Scale
v. t.
To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish; to scale the inside of a boiler.
n.
One who, or that which, scales; specifically, a dentist's instrument for removing tartar from the teeth.
n.
A Scandinavian poet; a scald.
a.
Composed of scales lying over each other; as, a scaly bulb; covered with scales; as, a scaly stem.
a.
Resembling scales, laminae, or layers.
a.
Covered or abounding with scales; as, a scaly fish.
pl.
of Scala
n.
See Solar, n.
v. t.
To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.
a.
Without scales, or with the scales removed; as, scaled herring.
a.
See Stilar.
n.
A scale insect. (See below.)
n.
A secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by monastic rules.
a.
Resembling a scale; also, covered with scales; scaly.
n.
One who, or that which, scalps.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as, the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar influence. See Solar system, below.
n.
Alt. of Scalado
a.
Having feathers which in form, color, or arrangement somewhat resemble scales; as, the scaled dove.
v. t.
To cover, or provide with, a sollar.