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Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric, compared with that of a vacuum
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of
Relative_permittivity
Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material
In electromagnetism, the absolute permittivity, often simply called permittivity and denoted by the Greek letter ε (epsilon), is a measure of the electric
Permittivity
Absolute dielectric permittivity of free space
Vacuum permittivity, commonly denoted ε0 (pronounced "epsilon nought" or "epsilon zero"), is the value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical
Vacuum_permittivity
Ability of magnetization
Kelvin in 1872, and is used alongside its electrostatic equivalent, permittivity, coined by Oliver Heaviside in 1885. The reciprocal of permeability is
Permeability (electromagnetism)
Permeability_(electromagnetism)
Property in optics
the absolute permeability and permittivity of the medium, εr is the material's relative permittivity, and μr is its relative permeability. In non-magnetic
Refractive_index
Temperature above which magnetic properties change
Curie–Weiss law applies to the dielectric constant, also known as the relative permittivity: ϵ = ϵ 0 + C T − T 0 . {\displaystyle \epsilon =\epsilon _{0}+{\frac
Curie_temperature
Mathematical formula
mathematical formula for the frequency dependence of the complex-valued relative permittivity, sometimes referred to as the dielectric function. The model has
Tauc–Lorentz_model
Pressurized liquid water at temperatures between the boiling and critical points
the degree of alignment is measured by the relative permittivity. Water has a high relative permittivity of about 80 at room temperature; because polarity
Superheated_water
Comparative measure of electrostatic and thermal energy
\varepsilon _{r}} is the relative dielectric constant of the medium and ε 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}} is the vacuum permittivity. For water at room temperature
Bjerrum_length
Electrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
polarizability. The latter is expressed by a number called the relative permittivity. Insulator is generally used to indicate electrical obstruction
Dielectric
Topics referred to by the same term
vapor concentration to liquid concentration at equilibrium The relative permittivity, κ a statistical value used in the Elo rating system analysis provides
K-value
Chemical compound
noteworthy for its extremely large dielectric constant (effective relative permittivity) of over 10,000 at room temperature. CCTO was first synthesized
Calcium_copper_titanate
Topics referred to by the same term
ratio, in renal physiology ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} , relative permittivity Electrorheological fluid, suspensions of non-conducting but electrically
ER
Scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a sphere
of relative permittivity and permeability much greater than one and close to each other; two different dielectric particles with equal permittivity but
Mie_scattering
States of matter for water as a solid
from liquid water) 1.16 g/cm3 (at 350 MPa) Tetragonal Very high relative permittivity at 117. A specific gravity of 1.16 with respect to water. Ice IV
Phases_of_ice
Quasiparticle which is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole
Coulomb forces are screened in a crystal, which is expressed as a relative permittivity εr significantly larger than 1 and (b) the effective mass of the
Exciton
Space that is empty of matter
fluctuations can produce transient virtual particle densities and a relative permittivity and relative permeability that are not identically unity. In the theory
Vacuum
Study of still or slow electric charges
induction, separation of charges due to electric fields. Permittivity and relative permittivity, the electric polarizability of materials. Quantization
Electrostatics
NEMA grade designation for glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material
breakdown (D48/50) > 50 kV Dielectric strength 20 MV/m Relative permittivity (A) 4.4 Relative permittivity (D24/23) 4.4 Dissipation factor (A) 0.017 Dissipation
FR-4
Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring particles
{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}} = vacuum permittivity, ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} = relative permittivity of the surrounding material (which equals
Intermolecular_force
Physical phenomenon of electron resonance
vector, ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } is the relative permittivity, and μ {\displaystyle \mu } is the relative permeability of the material (1: the glass
Surface_plasmon_resonance
Parameter characterizing an AC conductor
frequently given as dimensionless constants; relative permittivity: ϵ r {\displaystyle \epsilon _{\text{r}}} and relative permeability: μ r {\displaystyle \mu
Electrical_length
Manufacturing styles of an electronic device
capacitors. The permittivity of ferroelectric class 2 material depends on the applied voltage. Higher applied voltage lowers permittivity. The change of
Capacitor_types
Semiconductor manufacturing process
(subtractive metallization, direct metal etch); Air gaps to further reduce relative permittivity of intermetal dielectric and, therefore, interconnect capacitance;
2_nm_process
Method for measuring skin hydration
measurement of skin hydration. It uses a capacitive sensor to measure the relative permittivity of upper skin layers. Because these depend on hydration of skin
Corneometry
Chemical process leading to the settling of an insoluble solid from a solution
precipitation in changing the nature of the solvent or the value of its relative permittivity (e.g., by replacing water by ethanol), or by increasing the ionic
Precipitation_(chemistry)
Theoretical model describing the optical response of bound charges
(blue solid line) and imaginary (orange dashed line) components of relative permittivity are plotted for a single oscillator model with parameters ω 0 =
Lorentz_oscillator_model
Type of radio propagation
is the absolute permittivity of free space in farads per meter (F/m) and ϵ r {\displaystyle \epsilon _{r}} is the relative permittivity of the material
Non-line-of-sight_propagation
Vector field related to displacement current and flux density
=\varepsilon \mathbf {E} } where εr = 1 + χ is the relative permittivity of the material, and ε is the permittivity. In linear, homogeneous, isotropic media, ε
Electric_displacement_field
Physical quantity in electromagnetism
the permittivity ε = ε 0 ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon =\varepsilon _{0}\,\varepsilon _{\mathrm {r} }} is the product of: ε0, the permittivity of free
Displacement_current_density
Situation or phenomena, When light bounces off a material with a low index of refraction
can be written as the square root of the dielectric function for relative permittivity from the Lorentz oscillator model (in SI units): n ( ω ) = ϵ ( ω
Total_external_reflection
Equation for a material's dielectric constant given its atomic polarizability
Mossotti and Rudolf Clausius, expresses the dielectric constant (relative permittivity εr) of a material in terms of the atomic polarizability α of the
Clausius–Mossotti_relation
Tendency of matter subjected to an electric field to acquire an electric dipole moment
\varepsilon _{\mathrm {r} }=\epsilon /\epsilon _{0}} is the material's relative permittivity or dielectric constant (or in optics, the square of the refractive
Polarizability
Capacitance of the gate terminal of a field-effect transistor
area, where εSiO2 = 3.9 is the relative permittivity of silicon dioxide ε0 = 8.854×10−12 F/m is the vacuum permittivity tox is the oxide thickness. A.
Gate_capacitance
Electrical capacitor with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric
film materials for capacitors is the relative low permittivity of commonly used materials. With a higher permittivity, film capacitors could be made even
Film_capacitor
Fixed-value capacitor using ceramic
required number of layers and solidified by pressure. Besides the relative permittivity, the size and number of layers determines the later capacitance
Ceramic_capacitor
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
electron charge gets a defined value. In materials with relative permittivity, εr, and relative permeability, μr, the phase velocity of light becomes v
Maxwell's_equations
Cable or other structure for carrying radio waves
The width of the strip, the thickness of the substrate and the relative permittivity of the substrate determine the characteristic impedance of the strip
Transmission_line
_{1}} is the relative permittivity of the background material (pure ice), ϵ 2 {\displaystyle \epsilon _{2}} is the relative permittivity of the inclusion
Sea_ice_emissivity_modelling
Sub-branch of Optical Physics
dielectric constant of the medium. The value 1+χ is called the relative permittivity of the medium, and is related to the refractive index n, for non-magnetic
Crystal_optics
television receivers IEC 60247 Insulating liquids – Measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation factor (tan d) and d.c. resistivity IEC
List_of_IEC_standards
Method of approximating the properties of a composite material
{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}(\mathbf {r} )} is the local relative complex permittivity which takes the value ε m {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{m}} inside
Effective medium approximations
Effective_medium_approximations
Empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength
_{i}B_{i}}}\approx {\sqrt {\varepsilon _{r}}}} where εr is the relative permittivity of the medium. For characterization of glasses the equation consisting
Sellmeier_equation
Degree of insulation
54\times 10^{-5}{\text{ V/mil}}\end{aligned}}} Breakdown voltage Relative permittivity Rotational Brownian motion Paschen's law - variation of dielectric
Dielectric_strength
Ability of a body to store an electrical charge
those conductors, and the permittivity of any dielectric material between them. For many dielectric materials, the permittivity, and thus the capacitance
Capacitance
Topics referred to by the same term
temperature DK (automobile), a Danish automobile from the early 1950s Relative permittivity of a dielectric Diels–Kranz numbering Team DK, a defunct esports
DK
{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} is the relative permittivity of the medium, μ r {\displaystyle \mu _{r}} is the relative permeability of the medium, and c
Signal_velocity
Insulator in semiconductor devices
the permittivity of SiO2 divided by permittivity of vacuum, εSiO2/ε0, where ε0 = 8.854×10−6 pF/μm. There are many materials with lower relative dielectric
Low-kappa_dielectric
Linear motor often used in microtechnology
{\displaystyle \epsilon _{r}} = relative permittivity of dielectric, ϵ o {\displaystyle \epsilon _{o}} = permittivity of free space (8.85 pF/m), n {\displaystyle
Comb_drive
Electromagnetic energy dissipated by a dielectric
the familiar lossless permittivity given by the product of the free space permittivity and the relative real/absolute permittivity, or ε ′ = ε 0 ε r ′
Dielectric_loss
Non-linear partial differential equation encountered in problems of wave propagation
magnitude of these normal vectors is given by the square root of the relative permittivity. The line of constant phase can be considered the edge of one of
Eikonal_equation
Non-technical introduction to topics in electromagnetism
dielectric is placed between the plates then the permittivity of free space is multiplied by the relative permittivity of the dielectric and the capacitance increases
Introduction to electromagnetism
Introduction_to_electromagnetism
Measure of electromagnetic transmission
equals the reciprocal of the square root of the dielectric constant (relative permittivity), κ {\displaystyle \kappa } or ϵ r {\displaystyle \epsilon _{\mathrm
Velocity_factor
Rate of travel of electric energy
\varepsilon _{0}} = the permittivity of free space = 8.854×10−12 F/m ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} = relative permittivity of the material. Usually
Speed_of_electricity
Model describing the departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas
two electric charges, separated by a distance, r in a medium of relative permittivity εr is given by force = z 1 z 2 e 2 4 π ε 0 ε r r 2 {\displaystyle
Debye–Hückel_theory
Chemical compound
electric field is applied (useful for actuator applications). The relative permittivity of lead zirconate titanate can range from 300 to 20000, depending
Lead_zirconate_titanate
Chemical compound
with increasing temperature. For high-purity sintered alumina, the relative permittivity is about 10 at room temperature and at microwave frequencies around
Aluminium_oxide
_{r}/(\epsilon _{r}+2)} where ϵ r {\displaystyle \epsilon _{r}} is the relative permittivity. Low charges on nanoparticles and microparticles are stable over
Pauthenier_equation
Periodic optical nanostructure that affects the motion of photons
a metamaterial and vacuum. If the metamaterial is such that the relative permittivity and permeability follow the same wavelength dependence, then the
Photonic_crystal
Tendency of AC current flow in a conductor's outer layer
{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}=} relative permittivity of the conductor ε 0 = {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}=} the permittivity of free space. At frequencies much
Skin_effect
Substance-specific relation between two physical quantities
_{r}}}} where ε is the permittivity and εr the relative permittivity of the medium, likewise μ is the permeability and μr are the relative permeability of the
Constitutive_equation
Equations of light transmission and reflection
permittivity and the (magnetic) permeability of the medium. For vacuum, these have the values ϵ0 and μ0, respectively. Hence we define the relative permittivity
Fresnel_equations
Spatial frequency of a wave
defined for a medium with complex-valued relative permittivity ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} , relative permeability μ r {\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
Wavenumber
Early electronic transmission line medium
The width of the strip, the thickness of the substrate and the relative permittivity of the substrate determine the characteristic impedance of the strip
Stripline
Chemical compound
carbonate. Due to its high relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of 64, it is frequently used as a high-permittivity component of electrolytes in
Propylene_carbonate
Heating using radio waves
εr″ is the imaginary part of the complex relative permittivity of the absorbing material, ε0 is the permittivity of free space and E the electric field
Dielectric_heating
Paper used as electrical insulation
cellulose. Cellulose is a good insulator and is also polar, having a relative permittivity significantly greater than 1. Electrical paper products are classified
Electrical_insulation_paper
Mathematical formula for relative permittivity
formula for the frequency dependence of the complex-valued relative dielectric permittivity, also known as the dielectric function. The model has been
Brendel–Bormann oscillator model
Brendel–Bormann_oscillator_model
deformation. Relative permittivity (εr) is the ratio between the absolute permittivity of the piezoelectric material, ε, and the vacuum permittivity, ε0. The
List of piezoelectric materials
List_of_piezoelectric_materials
Solubility Insoluble Other characteristics Coefficient of thermal expansion (5.0–6.6)×10−6/K relative permittivity at 20 °C ε = 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic).
Golden_sheen_sapphire
Mathematical method used in optics and acoustics
= n m + i k m {\displaystyle N_{m}=n_{m}+{\text{i}}k_{m}\,} The relative permittivity in layer m : E m = N m 2 {\displaystyle m:E_{m}=N_{m}^{2}\,} The
Transfer-matrix method (optics)
Transfer-matrix_method_(optics)
Size of an atom's imaginary sphere representing how close other atoms can get
electric susceptibility may be calculated from tabulated values of the relative permittivity εr using the relation χe = εr − 1. The electric susceptibility of
Van_der_Waals_radius
Two-conductor flat cable used to carry radio frequency signals
– usually 500~600 Ω, but also depends on the wire insulation's relative permittivity and conductive loss in the rung insulators, if significant. For
Twin-lead
Type of electromagnetic resonator
been completely filled with a dielectric material that has complex relative permittivity ε r = ε ′ − j ε ′ ′ {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{\mathrm {r} }=\varepsilon
Loop-gap_resonator
Measure of the ability of a solution containing electrolytes to conduct electricity
existence of a so-called conductance minimum in solvents having the relative permittivity under 60 has proved to be a controversial subject as regards interpretation
Conductivity_(electrolytic)
Low-frequency plasma wave
magnetic field. Alfvén waves are dispersionless. The low-frequency relative permittivity ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } of a magnetized plasma is given by
Alfvén_wave
Electrical circuit with two conductors of equal impedance
{2l}{R}}\right),} where ϵ r {\displaystyle \epsilon _{r}} is the relative permittivity of the surrounding medium. In electric power transmission, the three
Balanced_line
Measure of directional electromagnetic energy flux
between R1 and R2 the cable contains an ideal dielectric material of relative permittivity εr and we assume conductors that are non-magnetic (so μ = μ0) and
Poynting_vector
Type of capacitor
polymers. Comparing the permittivities of the different oxide materials it is seen that tantalum pentoxide has a permittivity approximately three times
Electrolytic_capacitor
Change in enthalpy from dissolving a substance
coefficient of the solute(s) and the temperature derivative of the relative permittivity through the following formula: H dil = ∑ i ν i R T ln γ i ( 1
Enthalpy_change_of_solution
Chemical compound naturally occurring as periclase
electric current at room temperature. The pure powder of MgO has a relative permittivity in between 3.2 and 9.9 k {\displaystyle k} with an approximate dielectric
Magnesium_oxide
Designation for synthetic resin bonded paper
Property Value Dielectric constant, or relative permittivity 4.5 @ 1 MHz Dissipation factor 0.024–0.26 @ 1 MHz Dielectric strength 29 kV/mm (740 V/thou)
FR-2
State of matter
gradients with pressure near the critical point, e.g. viscosity, the relative permittivity and the solvent strength, which are all closely related to the density
Supercritical_fluid
Chemical element with atomic number 24 (Cr)
unequal, but antiparallel, cube centers. The frequency-dependent relative permittivity of chromium, deriving from Maxwell's equations and chromium's antiferromagnetism
Chromium
includes large scale map) Measurement of the ground conductivity and relative permittivity with high frequency using an open wire line (OWL) (Practical example
Ground_conductivity
Multipath radio propagation model
_{g}}}} The constant ε g {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{g}} is the relative permittivity of the ground (or generally speaking, the material where the signal
Two-ray ground-reflection model
Two-ray_ground-reflection_model
Type of mathematical relation
imaginary part of permittivity at that energy. Using this data with Kramers–Kronig analysis, one can calculate the real part of permittivity (as a function
Kramers–Kronig_relations
Type of sensor
is the sensitivity to uneven dirt, which can locally change the relative permittivity. Inductive technology is robust to contaminants, allowing calipers
Linear_encoder
Measure of an acid's strength in solution
making it a strong Lewis base. It has a high dielectric constant (relative permittivity), making it a good solvent for ionic species. pKa values of organic
Acid_dissociation_constant
Antenna fabricated using photolithographic techniques
decreases when it is replaced by a dielectric substrate with increasing relative permittivity. The half-wave rectangular microstrip antenna has a virtual shorting
Microstrip_antenna
vacuum permittivity constant which is 8.85... × 10−12 farads per meter, and ε r {\displaystyle {\varepsilon _{\mathrm {r} }}} represents the relative permittivity
Surface_chemistry_of_cooking
German physicist and electrical engineer (1886-1976)
elementary positive charge, ε0 is the electric constant and εr is the relative permittivity of the second medium (=1 for vacuum). In the case of a metal–semiconductor
Walter_Schottky
System of electromagnetic units
units is the called the SI, which defines two constants, the vacuum permittivity (ε0) and the vacuum permeability (μ0). These can be used to convert SI
Heaviside–Lorentz_units
Deviation of electrons from their original trajectories
\varepsilon _{0}\varepsilon _{\text{r}}r^{2}}}} where εr is the relative permittivity of the space the force acts through, and is dimensionless. If two
Electron_scattering
Electrokinetic phenomena
V Ic – conduction current, A εrs – relative permittivity of the liquid, dimensionless ε0 – electrical permittivity of vacuum, F·m−1 η – dynamic viscosity
Streaming_current
Degree of polarization
is common in many crystals. The susceptibility is related to its relative permittivity (dielectric constant) ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{\textrm {r}}}
Electric_susceptibility
Chemical compound
totally suppresses the ~10 μm pump radiation. Because it has a low [ relative permittivity ],(2.12), "polymethylpentene and polysulfone [labeware] are the
Polymethylpentene
Smart material systems
increased by using dielectric breakdown-resistant materials with a high relative permittivity ε r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} . In addition, there is electrostatic
Dielectric_elastomers
Chemical compound
the LiF layer is usually around 1 nm. The dielectric constant (or relative permittivity, ε) of LiF is 9.0. Naturally occurring lithium fluoride is known
Lithium_fluoride
Aspect of crystal optics
_{0}\;\!,} where ϵ r {\displaystyle \epsilon _{\text{r}}} is the relative permittivity (also called the dielectric constant), so that the wave speed becomes
Index_ellipsoid
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RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
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