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INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

  • Intermolecular force
  • Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring particles

    An intermolecular force (IMF; also secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of

    Intermolecular force

    Intermolecular force

    Intermolecular_force

  • London dispersion force
  • Cohesive force between species

    induced dipole bonds or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically

    London dispersion force

    London dispersion force

    London_dispersion_force

  • Intramolecular force
  • Type of atomic bonding

    atoms making up a molecule. Intramolecular forces are stronger than the intermolecular forces that govern the interactions between molecules. The classical

    Intramolecular force

    Intramolecular_force

  • Force field (chemistry)
  • Concept on molecular modeling

    originate from interactions of induced and "instantaneous" dipoles (see Intermolecular force). The original Fritz London theory of these forces applies only in

    Force field (chemistry)

    Force field (chemistry)

    Force_field_(chemistry)

  • Van der Waals force
  • Interactions between groups of atoms that do not arise from chemical bonds

    When to apply the term "van der Waals" force depends on the text. The broadest definitions include all intermolecular forces which are electrostatic in origin

    Van der Waals force

    Van der Waals force

    Van_der_Waals_force

  • Noble gas
  • Group of low-reactive, gaseous chemical elements

    of oganesson are uncertain. The intermolecular force between noble gas atoms is the very weak London dispersion force, so their boiling points are all

    Noble gas

    Noble_gas

  • Dust reduction system
  • Digital camera feature

    This kind of dust is attracted by intermolecular force. Liquid also adheres to the image sensor by intermolecular force and such molecules adhere strongly

    Dust reduction system

    Dust reduction system

    Dust_reduction_system

  • Cold welding
  • Welding process in which joining occurs without melting or heating the interface

    System for producing precision lengths by stacking components Intermolecular force – Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring

    Cold welding

    Cold_welding

  • LDF
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    Design Festival, annual UK arts event London dispersion force, type of intermolecular force Loss development factor in insurance pricing Luc de Fougerolles

    LDF

    LDF

  • Temperature dependence of viscosity
  • constant, can be expressed in terms of the parameters of the intermolecular attractive force. Equivalently, if μ ′ {\displaystyle \mu '} is a known viscosity

    Temperature dependence of viscosity

    Temperature_dependence_of_viscosity

  • Flowability
  • Physical property of a powder

    on many traits: the shape and size of the powder particles due to intermolecular force, porosity electrostatic activity hygroscopy bulk density angle of

    Flowability

    Flowability

  • Liquid
  • State of matter

    gases. A liquid is composed of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular bonds of intermediate strength. These forces allow the particles to

    Liquid

    Liquid

    Liquid

  • Electromagnetism
  • Fundamental interaction between charged particles

    experience when "pushing" or "pulling" ordinary material objects result from intermolecular forces between individual molecules in our bodies and in the objects

    Electromagnetism

    Electromagnetism

    Electromagnetism

  • Colloid
  • Mixture of an insoluble substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance

    S2CID 96812603. Park, Soo-Jin; Seo, Min-Kang (1 January 2011). "Intermolecular Force". Interface Science and Technology. 18: 1–57. Bibcode:2011IntST.

    Colloid

    Colloid

    Colloid

  • Reigate Grammar School
  • Private day school in Reigate, Surrey, England

    understanding of the spectra of organic molecules, the theory of Intermolecular force and to the construction of Potential energy surface Andy Paul, CEO

    Reigate Grammar School

    Reigate Grammar School

    Reigate_Grammar_School

  • Chemical physics
  • Subdiscipline of chemistry and physics

    Physics ChemPhysChem Molecular Physics (journal) Physics portal Intermolecular force Molecular dynamics Quantum chemistry Solid-state physics or Condensed

    Chemical physics

    Chemical_physics

  • Dipole
  • Electromagnetic phenomenon

    molecule with a permanent dipole moment is called a polar molecule. See Intermolecular force § Dipole–dipole interactions. Instantaneous dipoles These occur due

    Dipole

    Dipole

    Dipole

  • Octane rating
  • Standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel

    smoothly. In general, branched compounds with a higher intermolecular force (e.g., London dispersion force for iso-octane) will have a higher octane rating

    Octane rating

    Octane_rating

  • Compressibility factor
  • Correction factor which describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior

    truncation is assumed, the compressibility factor is linked to the intermolecular-force potential φ by: Z = 1 + 2 π N A V m ∫ 0 ∞ ( 1 − exp ⁡ ( φ k T ) )

    Compressibility factor

    Compressibility factor

    Compressibility_factor

  • Polymer science
  • Subfield of materials science concerned with polymers

    of molecules having small molecular mass connected by an unknown intermolecular force. Hermann Staudinger was the first to propose that polymers consisted

    Polymer science

    Polymer science

    Polymer_science

  • Electric dipole moment
  • Measure of positive and negative charges

    molecule with a permanent dipole moment is called a polar molecule. See Intermolecular force § Dipole–dipole interactions. Instantaneous dipoles These occur due

    Electric dipole moment

    Electric dipole moment

    Electric_dipole_moment

  • IMF (disambiguation)
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    Inframammary fold, in anatomy Initial mass function, in stellar astronomy Intermolecular force, non-bonding electrostatic forces between molecules Interplanetary

    IMF (disambiguation)

    IMF_(disambiguation)

  • Bottled gas
  • Gas compressed and stored in cylinders

    at standard temperature and pressure with some variation due to intermolecular force and molecule size compared to an ideal gas. Normal high pressure

    Bottled gas

    Bottled gas

    Bottled_gas

  • Lennard-Jones potential
  • Model of intermolecular interactions

    yet realistic intermolecular interactions. The Lennard-Jones potential is often used as a building block in molecular models (a.k.a. force fields) for more

    Lennard-Jones potential

    Lennard-Jones potential

    Lennard-Jones_potential

  • Fritz London
  • American German physicist (1900–1954)

    fundamental contributions to the theories of chemical bonding and of intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) are today considered classic and are

    Fritz London

    Fritz London

    Fritz_London

  • Van der Waals equation
  • Gas equation of state which accounts for non-ideal gas behavior

    treat fluids as being composed of molecules with finite size and with intermolecular interactions. The equation is named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik

    Van der Waals equation

    Van_der_Waals_equation

  • Glossary of chemistry terms
  • and have useful mechanical properties at high temperatures. intermolecular force Any force that mediates interaction between molecules, e.g. electromagnetic

    Glossary of chemistry terms

    Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

  • Synthetic setae
  • Artificial dry adhesives

    distance between the two surfaces. We find that the intermolecular force, or the van der Waals force in this case between two surfaces is greatly dominated

    Synthetic setae

    Synthetic setae

    Synthetic_setae

  • Gas
  • State of matter

    one another. A solid can withstand a shearing force due to the strength of these sticky intermolecular forces. A fluid will continuously deform when subjected

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

  • Nucleic acid thermodynamics
  • Study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure

    Stacking in "free" nucleic acid molecules is mainly contributed by intermolecular force, specifically electrostatic attraction among aromatic rings, a process

    Nucleic acid thermodynamics

    Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics

  • Timeline of scientific discoveries
  • van der Waals: was one of the first to postulate an intermolecular force: the van der Waals force. 1873: Frederick Guthrie discovers thermionic emission

    Timeline of scientific discoveries

    Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries

  • Johannes Diderik van der Waals
  • Dutch physicist (1837–1923)

    the non-ideality of real gases and attributed it to the existence of intermolecular interactions. He introduced the first equation of state derived by the

    Johannes Diderik van der Waals

    Johannes Diderik van der Waals

    Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals

  • Nanoelectromechanical systems
  • Class of devices for nanoscale functionality

    Williams, O. A.; Patel, R. J.; Haenen, K. (2006). "Residual stress, intermolecular force, and frictional properties distribution maps of diamond films for

    Nanoelectromechanical systems

    Nanoelectromechanical systems

    Nanoelectromechanical_systems

  • Atomic force microscopy
  • Type of microscopy

    Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution

    Atomic force microscopy

    Atomic force microscopy

    Atomic_force_microscopy

  • Self-assembly of nanoparticles
  • Physical phenomenon

    the lower free energy conformation is usually a result of a weaker intermolecular force between self-assembled moieties and is essentially enthalpic in nature

    Self-assembly of nanoparticles

    Self-assembly of nanoparticles

    Self-assembly_of_nanoparticles

  • Dimethyltin dichloride
  • Chemical compound

    the intermolecular tin-chlorine distance was determined to be 343.3 pm. This value shows that dimethyltin dichloride has a strong intermolecular force due

    Dimethyltin dichloride

    Dimethyltin dichloride

    Dimethyltin_dichloride

  • Interface force field
  • context of chemistry and molecular modelling, the Interface force field (IFF) is a force field for classical molecular simulations of atoms, molecules

    Interface force field

    Interface_force_field

  • Non-contact atomic force microscopy
  • Type of microscopy using a physical probe

    Liljeroth, Peter; Swart, Ingmar (2014). "Intermolecular Contrast in Atomic Force Microscopy Images without Intermolecular Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 113

    Non-contact atomic force microscopy

    Non-contact atomic force microscopy

    Non-contact_atomic_force_microscopy

  • Hydrogen bond
  • Intermolecular attraction between a hydrogen donor-and-acceptor pair

    Peter; Swart, Ingmar (2014-10-31). "Intermolecular Contrast in Atomic Force Microscopy Images without Intermolecular Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 113

    Hydrogen bond

    Hydrogen bond

    Hydrogen_bond

  • Resistive force
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    Normal force, exerted reactionally back on the acting body by the compressive, tensile or shear stress within the recipient body Intermolecular forces

    Resistive force

    Resistive_force

  • Michael L. Klein
  • American chemist (born 1940)

    over a broad front. His early works focused on developing pragmatic intermolecular force fields to be used in computer simulation Monte Carlo and molecular

    Michael L. Klein

    Michael L. Klein

    Michael_L._Klein

  • MOLCAS
  • Computational chemistry software

    molecular clusters. The NEMO procedure for creating intermolecular force fields for MC/MD simulations; these force fields include electrostatics, induction, dispersion

    MOLCAS

    MOLCAS

    MOLCAS

  • Viscosity
  • Resistance of a fluid to shear deformation

    which provides a statistical description of a dilute gas in terms of intermolecular interactions. The technique allows accurate calculation of μ {\displaystyle

    Viscosity

    Viscosity

    Viscosity

  • Self-healing hydrogels
  • Type of hydrogel

    by which hydrogels are crosslinked. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction. Hydrogen bonds

    Self-healing hydrogels

    Self-healing hydrogels

    Self-healing_hydrogels

  • Adhesion
  • Molecular property

    cause adhesion and cohesion can be divided into several types. The intermolecular forces responsible for the function of various kinds of stickers and

    Adhesion

    Adhesion

    Adhesion

  • List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1959
  • Harvard University Diffusion constant of simple liquids in terms of intermolecular force potential Clifford S. Garner University of California, Los Angeles

    List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1959

    List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_1959

  • Volatility (chemistry)
  • Tendency of a substance to vaporize

    molecules are what holds materials together, and materials with stronger intermolecular forces, such as most solids, are typically not very volatile. Ethanol

    Volatility (chemistry)

    Volatility (chemistry)

    Volatility_(chemistry)

  • Catch bond
  • Type of chemical bond

    observed. Noncovalent bonding Ionic bond Hydrogen bond Van der Waals force Intermolecular force Slip bond Bell GI (May 1978). "Models for the specific adhesion

    Catch bond

    Catch_bond

  • Ideal gas law
  • Equation of the state of a hypothetical ideal gas

    the kinetic theory of ideal gases, one can consider that there are no intermolecular attractions between the molecules, or atoms, of an ideal gas. In other

    Ideal gas law

    Ideal gas law

    Ideal_gas_law

  • PH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery
  • Cancer treatment

    nanomaterials can be classified into three categories: chemical bonding, intermolecular force, and physical encapsulation. These loading mechanisms allow the drug

    PH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery

    PH-responsive_tumor-targeted_drug_delivery

  • Protein adsorption
  • Accumulation and adhesion of molecules to a surface without penetration

    major driving forces behind protein adsorption include: surface energy, intermolecular forces, hydrophobicity, and ionic or electrostatic interaction. By knowing

    Protein adsorption

    Protein adsorption

    Protein_adsorption

  • Index of chemistry articles
  • Ilya Prigogine Indium Infrared spectroscopy Inorganic chemistry Intermolecular force International Temperature Scale International Union of Pure and Applied

    Index of chemistry articles

    Index_of_chemistry_articles

  • Capillary action
  • Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces

    liquefied carbon fiber, or in biological cells. It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. If the diameter

    Capillary action

    Capillary action

    Capillary_action

  • Lifshitz theory of van der Waals force
  • bodies which does not assume pairwise additivity of the individual intermolecular forces; that is to say, the theory takes into account the influence

    Lifshitz theory of van der Waals force

    Lifshitz_theory_of_van_der_Waals_force

  • Crystal engineering
  • Designing solid structures with tailored properties

    solid-state structures with desired properties through deliberate control of intermolecular interactions. It is an interdisciplinary academic field, bridging solid-state

    Crystal engineering

    Crystal engineering

    Crystal_engineering

  • Cohesion (chemistry)
  • Property of substances whose particles stick together

    molecule allows it to align with adjacent molecules through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, rendering the bulk liquid cohesive. Van der Waals

    Cohesion (chemistry)

    Cohesion (chemistry)

    Cohesion_(chemistry)

  • Index of physics articles (I)
  • hole Intermittency Intermodulation Intermodulation interference Intermolecular force Internal conversion Internal conversion coefficient Internal energy

    Index of physics articles (I)

    Index_of_physics_articles_(I)

  • Thermal expansion
  • Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature

    particles increases, they start moving faster and faster, weakening the intermolecular forces between them and therefore expanding the substance. When a substance

    Thermal expansion

    Thermal expansion

    Thermal_expansion

  • Optical tweezers
  • Scientific instruments

    1103/PhysRevLett.63.1233. PMID 10040510. Thirunamachandran, T. (1980-06-10). "Intermolecular interactions in the presence of an intense radiation field". Molecular

    Optical tweezers

    Optical tweezers

    Optical_tweezers

  • Bimodal atomic force microscopy
  • Bimodal Atomic Force Microscopy (bimodal AFM) is an advanced atomic force microscopy technique characterized by generating high-spatial resolution maps

    Bimodal atomic force microscopy

    Bimodal_atomic_force_microscopy

  • Photoconductive atomic force microscopy
  • Type of atomic force microscopy

    Sampling in contact mode relies upon intermolecular forces between the tip and surface as depicted by Van der Waals force. As the sampling begins, the tip

    Photoconductive atomic force microscopy

    Photoconductive atomic force microscopy

    Photoconductive_atomic_force_microscopy

  • Index of biochemistry articles
  • Intermolecular force - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) - interphase - intracisternal A-particle gene - Intramolecular force

    Index of biochemistry articles

    Index of biochemistry articles

    Index_of_biochemistry_articles

  • Hamaker constant
  • Physical constant related to Van der Waals interactions

    the retarded regime, and the result is a Casimir–Polder force. Hamaker theory Intermolecular forces van der Waals Forces Hamaker, H. C. (1937). "The London

    Hamaker constant

    Hamaker_constant

  • Mie potential
  • Interaction potential

    between particles on the atomic level. It is mostly used for describing intermolecular interactions, but at times also for modeling intramolecular interaction

    Mie potential

    Mie potential

    Mie_potential

  • Chemical force microscopy
  • Method of microscopy which measures chemical bonding between the probe and surface

    COOH/COOH, COOH/CH3, and CH3/CH3 interactions, respectively. Roughly, intermolecular bond energies can be calculated by: E b o n d = k T B , {\displaystyle

    Chemical force microscopy

    Chemical force microscopy

    Chemical_force_microscopy

  • Elastomer
  • Polymer with rubber-like elastic properties

    viscoelasticity (i.e. both viscosity and elasticity) and with weak intermolecular forces, generally low Young's modulus (E) and high failure strain compared

    Elastomer

    Elastomer

    Elastomer

  • Depletion force
  • Effective force in molecular and colloidal systems

    mixture the origin of depletion forces is necessarily entropic. If the intermolecular potentials also include repulsive and/or attractive terms, and if the

    Depletion force

    Depletion_force

  • Naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide
  • Chemical compound

    Peter; Swart, Ingmar (2014-10-31). "Intermolecular Contrast in Atomic Force Microscopy Images without Intermolecular Bonds". Physical Review Letters. 113

    Naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide

    Naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide

    Naphthalenetetracarboxylic_diimide

  • Stress (mechanics)
  • Physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material

    macroscopic forces are actually the net result of a very large number of intermolecular forces and collisions between the particles in those molecules. Stress

    Stress (mechanics)

    Stress (mechanics)

    Stress_(mechanics)

  • Dispersive adhesion
  • Adhesion between materials due to intermolecular interactions

    adhesion which attributes attractive forces between two materials to intermolecular interactions between molecules of each material. This mechanism is widely

    Dispersive adhesion

    Dispersive adhesion

    Dispersive_adhesion

  • Stefan adhesion
  • Drug Delivery Reviews, 61(2), 158–171. Israelachvili, J. N. (2011). Intermolecular and Surface Forces. Academic Press. Dimitriadis, E. K. et al. (2002)

    Stefan adhesion

    Stefan_adhesion

  • Periodic table
  • Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements

    Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113w2104C. doi:10.1063/1.5053884. S2CID 125130534. "Intermolecular bonding – van der Waals forces". Archived from the original on 22 January

    Periodic table

    Periodic table

    Periodic_table

  • Hardness
  • Measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation

    hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured

    Hardness

    Hardness

  • Chemical polarity
  • Separation of electric charge in a molecule

    other out by symmetry. Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties

    Chemical polarity

    Chemical polarity

    Chemical_polarity

  • Chemical bond
  • Association of atoms to form chemical compounds

    covalent bonds that hold the molecules internally together. Such weak intermolecular bonds give organic molecular substances, such as waxes and oils, their

    Chemical bond

    Chemical bond

    Chemical_bond

  • Van der Waals radius
  • Size of an atom's imaginary sphere representing how close other atoms can get

    page) van der Waals force van der Waals molecule van der Waals strain van der Waals surface Rowland RS, Taylor R (1996). "Intermolecular nonbonded contact

    Van der Waals radius

    Van_der_Waals_radius

  • Potential energy
  • Energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects

    charge is called nuclear potential energy; work of intermolecular forces is called intermolecular potential energy. Chemical potential energy, such as

    Potential energy

    Potential energy

    Potential_energy

  • Combining rules
  • 1088/0022-3700/3/11/008. Good, Robert J. (1970). "New Combining Rule for Intermolecular Distances in Intermolecular Potential Functions". The Journal of Chemical Physics

    Combining rules

    Combining_rules

  • Outline of physical science
  • Hierarchical outline list of articles related to the physical sciences

    the formation of compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces to give matter its general properties, and the interactions between

    Outline of physical science

    Outline of physical science

    Outline_of_physical_science

  • Vapor pressure
  • Pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium

    gas phase, increasing the vapor pressure. Thus, liquids with strong intermolecular interactions are likely to have smaller vapor pressures, with the reverse

    Vapor pressure

    Vapor pressure

    Vapor_pressure

  • Fellutamide
  • Group of chemical compounds from fungi

    proteasome. The Beta-hydroxyl aliphatic tail's structure utilizes the intermolecular force of van der Waals forces when interacting hydrophobic regions of protein

    Fellutamide

    Fellutamide

    Fellutamide

  • Molecular solid
  • Solid consisting of discrete molecules

    700–900 kJ mol−1), and network solids (covalent bonds, 150–900 kJ mol−1). Intermolecular interactions typically do not involve delocalized electrons, unlike

    Molecular solid

    Molecular solid

    Molecular_solid

  • Albert Einstein
  • German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)

    from the phenomena of capillarity"), in which he proposed a model of intermolecular attraction that he afterwards disavowed as worthless, was published

    Albert Einstein

    Albert Einstein

    Albert_Einstein

  • Molecular self-assembly
  • Movement of molecules into a defined arrangement without outside influence

    management from an outside source. There are two types of self-assembly: intermolecular and intramolecular. Commonly, the term molecular self-assembly refers

    Molecular self-assembly

    Molecular self-assembly

    Molecular_self-assembly

  • Jacob Israelachvili
  • Israeli physicist and chemical engineer

    equations applicable to all intermolecular and interfacial science disciplines. Israelachvili was also founder of SurForce, LLC. The company specializes

    Jacob Israelachvili

    Jacob_Israelachvili

  • Wetting
  • Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface

    differential strength of intermolecular interactions with the surface. The degree of wetting, or wettability, is dependent on the force balance between adhesive

    Wetting

    Wetting

    Wetting

  • Potential
  • Currently unrealized ability

    Johann; Wendland, Martin (October 2023). "On the history of key empirical intermolecular potentials". Fluid Phase Equilibria. 573 113876. Bibcode:2023FlPEq.57313876F

    Potential

    Potential

  • Surface forces apparatus
  • The Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) is a scientific instrument which measures the interaction force of two surfaces as they are brought together and retracted

    Surface forces apparatus

    Surface forces apparatus

    Surface_forces_apparatus

  • Surface energy
  • Excess energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior

    interfacial free energy or surface free energy) quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occurs when a surface is created. In solid-state physics

    Surface energy

    Surface energy

    Surface_energy

  • State of matter
  • Forms which matter can take

    that the pressure is higher than the triple point of the substance. Intermolecular (or interatomic or interionic) forces are still important, but the molecules

    State of matter

    State of matter

    State_of_matter

  • Pi-interaction
  • Chemical bond effect

    forces involve electrostatic and anion-induced polarized interactions. This force allows for the systems to be used as receptors and channels in supramolecular

    Pi-interaction

    Pi-interaction

  • Water model
  • Aspect of computational chemistry

    using molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods. The models describe intermolecular forces between water molecules and are determined from quantum mechanics

    Water model

    Water model

    Water_model

  • Buckingham potential
  • Physical model of intermolecular interactions

    In theoretical chemistry, the Buckingham potential is a model of intermolecular interactions based on pair potentials developed by Richard Buckingham.

    Buckingham potential

    Buckingham_potential

  • Hydrophobic effect
  • Aggregation of non-polar molecules in aqueous solutions

    number of hydrophobic side chains exposed to water is the principal driving force behind the folding process, although formation of hydrogen bonds within

    Hydrophobic effect

    Hydrophobic effect

    Hydrophobic_effect

  • Polymer
  • Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units

    of chain molecules lead to a "mechanical bond" between the chains. Intermolecular and intramolecular attractive forces only occur at sites where molecule

    Polymer

    Polymer

    Polymer

  • Kinetic isotope effect
  • Change in chemical reaction rate due to isotopic substitution

    Depending on the way a KIE is probed (parallel measurement of rates vs. intermolecular competition vs. intramolecular competition), the observation of a PKIE

    Kinetic isotope effect

    Kinetic_isotope_effect

  • Viscosity models for mixtures
  • Mathematical models for calculating viscosity

    i j {\displaystyle E_{ij}} is the energy that is characteristic of intermolecular interactions between component i and component j, and therefore is responsible

    Viscosity models for mixtures

    Viscosity_models_for_mixtures

  • DLVO theory
  • Theoretical model for aggregation and stability of aqueous dispersions

    Measurement: Modelling and Simulation (Boston: 1995). Jacob N. Israelacvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces (London 2007). London, F. (1937), Trans Faraday Soc

    DLVO theory

    DLVO theory

    DLVO_theory

  • Halogen bond
  • Net attractive interaction involving one of the halogen elements

    inner-sphere and outer-sphere interactions. In Mulliken's categorization, the intermolecular interactions associated with small partial charges affect only the "inner

    Halogen bond

    Halogen_bond

  • List of RNA structure prediction software
  • PMID 19398448. Kerpedjiev P, Hammer S, Hofacker IL (October 2015). "Forna (force-directed RNA): Simple and effective online RNA secondary structure diagrams"

    List of RNA structure prediction software

    List_of_RNA_structure_prediction_software

AI & ChatGPT searchs for online references containing INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

AI search references containing INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

  • Force
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Force

    English : variant of Fosse. There has been some confusion with northwestern English force in the sense of ‘waterfall’, it is possible that the surname may also have arisen as a topographic name for someone living by a waterfall.French : topographic name for someone who lived by a fortress or stronghold, Old French force, Late Latin fortia, a derivative of fortis ‘strong’ (see Fort). There are several places named with this word (for example in Aude, and baronial lands in the Dordogne), and it may also be a habitational name from any of these.

    Force

  • Namia
  • Girl/Female

    Indian

    Namia

    Force to move forward, Force

    Namia

  • Daljit
  • Boy/Male

    Sikh

    Daljit

    The conqueror of forces, Victorious army

    Daljit

  • Hayne
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Hayne

    English : variant spelling of Hain 1–3.Isaac Hayne (1745–81) was an American revolutionary militia officer, executed by the British for breaking parole. He owned an ironworks and was manufacturing ammunition for the American forces when he was caught. His grandfather had emigrated from England to SC in about 1700.

    Hayne

  • Vorce
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Vorce

    English : variant of Force.Perhaps an altered form of Dutch Voorhees.

    Vorce

  • Martel
  • Surname or Lastname

    English and German

    Martel

    English and German : from a medieval personal name, a pet form of Martin or Marta.English and French : metonymic occupational name for a smith or a nickname for a forceful person, from Old French martel ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus). Charles Martel, the grandfather of Charlemagne, gained his byname from the force with which he struck down his enemies in battle.Spanish and Portuguese : from Portuguese martelo, Old Spanish martel ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus), or an Iberianized form of the Italian cognate Martello.

    Martel

  • Kempster
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Kempster

    English : occupational name for a wool or flax comber, Middle English kem(be)stere (an agent derivative of Old English cemban ‘to comb’). Although this was originally a feminine form of the masculine kembere, by the Middle English period the suffix -stre had lost its feminine force, and the term was used to refer to both sexes. Compare Baxter, Brewster, Dexter.

    Kempster

  • Namia |
  • Girl/Female

    Muslim

    Namia |

    Force to move forward, Force

    Namia |

  • Gunn
  • Surname or Lastname

    Scottish

    Gunn

    Scottish : name of a clan associated with Caithness, derived from the Old Norse personal name Gunnr (or the feminine form Gunne), a short form of any of various compound names with the first element gunn ‘battle’.Scottish : sometimes an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Gille Dhuinn ‘son of the servant of the brown one’ (see Dunn). (According to Woulfe a name of the same form also existed in Sligo, Ireland.)English : metonymic occupational name for someone who operated a siege engine or cannon, perhaps also a nickname for a forceful person, from Middle English gunne, gonne ‘ballista’, ‘cannon’, ‘gun’. The term originated as a humorous application of the Scandinavian female personal name Gunne or Gunnhildr.

    Gunn

  • Daljeet
  • Boy/Male

    Sikh

    Daljeet

    The conqueror of forces, Victorious army

    Daljeet

  • Martell
  • Surname or Lastname

    English, French, and German

    Martell

    English, French, and German : variant spelling of Martel.Catalan : metonymic occupational name for a smith, or nickname for a forceful person, from martell ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus).

    Martell

  • Zorawar
  • Boy/Male

    Sikh

    Zorawar

    Forceful

    Zorawar

  • Forster
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Forster

    English : occupational and topographic name for someone who lived or worked in a forest (see Forrest).English : Norman French nickname or occupational name from Old French forcetier ‘cutter’, an agent noun from forcettes ‘scissors’.English : occupational name, by metathesis, from Old French fust(r)ier ‘blockmaker’ (a derivative of fustre ‘block of wood’).German (Förster) : occupational and topographic name for someone who lived and worked in a forest (see Forst).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Forst ‘forest’.

    Forster

  • Sumter
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Sumter

    English : variant of Sumpter.Fort Sumter, SC, was named in honor of Thomas Sumter, known as the ‘Gamecock of the Revolution’ for the fear he inspired in the British and Tory forces and the pivotal role he played in key American victories. Born in 1734 near Charlottesville, VA, he was of Welsh heritage; his ancestors probably emigrated to America in the late 17th century.

    Sumter

  • Hammer
  • Surname or Lastname

    German, English, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)

    Hammer

    German, English, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German hamer, Yiddish hamer, a metonymic occupational name for a maker or user of hammers, for example in a forge, or nickname for a forceful person.English and German : topographic name for someone who lived in an area of flat, low-lying alluvial land beside a stream, Old English hamm, Old High German ham (see Hamm) + the English and German agent suffix -er.Norwegian : variant of Hamar.

    Hammer

  • Janu | ஜாநு
  • Boy/Male

    Tamil

    Janu | ஜாநு

    Soul, Life force

    Janu | ஜாநு

  • Sumner
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Sumner

    English : occupational name for a summoner, an official who was responsible for ensuring the appearance of witnesses in court, Middle English sumner, sumnor.William Sumner came to Dorchester, MA, from England in about 1635. His descendants include U.S. Senator Charles Sumner, a major force in the struggle to end slavery, who was born in 1811 in Boston.

    Sumner

  • Tiraq |
  • Boy/Male

    Muslim

    Tiraq |

    Strength, Force, Occupation

    Tiraq |

  • Balwinder
  • Boy/Male

    Indian

    Balwinder

    God of force

    Balwinder

  • Vorse
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Vorse

    English : variant of Force.

    Vorse

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INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

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INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

  • Forced
  • a.

    Done or produced with force or great labor, or by extraordinary exertion; hurried; strained; produced by unnatural effort or pressure; as, a forced style; a forced laugh.

  • Force
  • n.

    To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce.

  • Force
  • n.

    To provide with forces; to reenforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.

  • Force
  • n.

    To allow the force of; to value; to care for.

  • Force
  • n.

    Strength or power for war; hence, a body of land or naval combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; -- an armament; troops; warlike array; -- often in the plural; hence, a body of men prepared for action in other ways; as, the laboring force of a plantation.

  • Force
  • v. i.

    To make a difficult matter of anything; to labor; to hesitate; hence, to force of, to make much account of; to regard.

  • Intramolecular
  • a.

    Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules of bodies.

  • Forcer
  • n.

    The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump.

  • Force
  • n.

    Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or motion; or, more generally, which changes, or tends to change, any physical relation between them, whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or of any other kind; as, the force of gravity; cohesive force; centrifugal force.

  • Forcer
  • n.

    One who, or that which, forces or drives.

  • War
  • v. i.

    To make war; to invade or attack a state or nation with force of arms; to carry on hostilities; to be in a state by violence.

  • Force
  • n.

    To constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not resistible; to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means; to coerce; as, masters force slaves to labor.

  • Force
  • v. i.

    To be of force, importance, or weight; to matter.

  • Forced
  • imp. & p. p.

    of Force

  • Force
  • n.

    To compel, as by strength of evidence; as, to force conviction on the mind.

  • Forceless
  • a.

    Having little or no force; feeble.

  • Force
  • n.

    To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to strain; to urge to excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to produce by unnatural effort; as, to force a consient or metaphor; to force a laugh; to force fruits.

  • Force
  • n.

    Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor; might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially, power to persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency; validity; special signification; as, the force of an appeal, an argument, a contract, or a term.

  • Forceful
  • a.

    Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty.

  • Forceps
  • n.

    The caudal forceps-shaped appendage of earwigs and some other insects. See Earwig.