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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up refinement in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Refinement may refer to: Equilibrium refinement, the identification of actualized equilibria in
Refinement
Types constrained by a predicate
type theory, a refinement type is a type endowed with a predicate which is assumed to hold for any element of the refined type. Refinement types can express
Refinement_type
Refinement is a generic term of computer science that encompasses various approaches for producing correct computer programs and simplifying existing programs
Refinement_(computing)
The refinement calculus is a formalized approach to stepwise refinement for program construction. The required behaviour of the final executable program
Refinement_calculus
Technique for the characterisation of crystalline materials
Rietveld refinement is a technique described by Hugo Rietveld for use in the characterisation of crystalline materials. The neutron and X-ray diffraction
Rietveld_refinement
topology and open covers of a topological space X, a star refinement is a particular kind of refinement of an open cover of X. The term has two similar but
Star_refinement
Algorithms for mesh generation
In mesh generation, Delaunay refinements are algorithms for mesh generation based on the principle of adding Steiner points to the geometry of an input
Delaunay_refinement
In the design of algorithms, partition refinement is a technique for representing a partition of a set as a data structure that allows the partition to
Partition_refinement
2007 studio album by Stars of the Lid
And Their Refinement of the Decline is the seventh studio album by Stars of the Lid, released by Kranky in April 2007. The album was Kranky's 100th release
And Their Refinement of the Decline
And_Their_Refinement_of_the_Decline
Subsets whose union equals the whole set
omitting some of them; whereas a refinement is made from any sets that are subsets of the sets in the cover. The refinement relation on the set of covers
Cover_(topology)
Method to improve accuracy of numerical solutions to systems of linear equations
Iterative refinement is an iterative method proposed by James H. Wilkinson to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions to systems of linear equations
Iterative_refinement
Technique for symbolic model checking and logic calculi
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) is a technique for symbolic model checking. It is also applied in modal logic tableau calculi algorithms
Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement
Counterexample-guided_abstraction_refinement
Normative ethical theories
Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, from Greek ἀρετή [aretḗ]) is a theory in normative ethics that prioritizes the development of moral character and dispositions
Virtue_ethics
In graph theory and theoretical computer science, the colour refinement algorithm also known as the naive vertex classification, or the 1-dimensional version
Colour_refinement_algorithm
Concept in numerical analysis
In numerical analysis, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is a method of adapting the accuracy of a solution within certain sensitive or turbulent regions
Adaptive_mesh_refinement
Curved curface derived from a coarse polygon mesh
recursive in nature. The process starts with a base level polygonal mesh. A refinement scheme is then applied to this mesh. This process takes that mesh and
Subdivision_surface
Technique used in dynamic level of detail
Progressive meshes is one of the techniques of dynamic level of detail (LOD). This technique was introduced by Hugues Hoppe in 1996. This method uses saving
Progressive_meshes
American adult animated series
to slaughter its people as in Tunis. 17 5 "A Seat of Civilisation and Refinement" Sam Deats Warren Ellis March 5, 2020 (2020-03-05) While reflecting upon
Castlevania_(TV_series)
Topics referred to by the same term
Failures-divergence refinement may refer to: The mathematical relation of refinement in the failures/divergences model of communicating sequential processes
Failures-Divergence Refinement
Failures-Divergence_Refinement
Facility that processes crude oil
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline
Oil_refinery
Island country in Southeast Asia
Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2011. "Refinements to Mother Tongue Language Policy" (Press release). Ministry of Education
Singapore
Topologically invariant definition of the dimension of a space
dimension is the smallest number n such that for every cover, there is a refinement in which every point in X lies in the intersection of no more than n + 1
Lebesgue_covering_dimension
Statement in group theory
Schreier refinement theorem of group theory states that any two subnormal series of subgroups of a given group have equivalent refinements, where two
Schreier_refinement_theorem
Strategies for composition and decomposition
leadership. A top-down approach (also known as stepwise design and stepwise refinement and in some cases used as a synonym of decomposition) is essentially the
Bottom-up and top-down approaches
Bottom-up_and_top-down_approaches
Concept in abstract algebra
In mathematics, a refinement monoid is a commutative monoid M such that for any elements a0, a1, b0, b1 of M such that a0+a1=b0+b1, there are elements
Refinement_monoid
1758 book by David Hume
Essay XIX, OF POLYGAMY AND DIVORCES Part I, Essay XX, OF SIMPLICITY AND REFINEMENT IN WRITING Part I, Essay XXI, OF NATIONAL CHARACTERS Part I, Essay XXII
Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary
Essays,_Moral,_Political,_and_Literary
In category theory and related fields of mathematics, a refinement is a construction that generalizes the operations of "interior enrichment", like bornologification
Refinement_(category_theory)
Management framework
areas of improvement, and continuous process improvement actions. Backlog refinement is a process by which team members revise and prioritize a backlog for
Scrum_(project_management)
Program to model molecular disorder in crystals
The Disordered Structure Refinement program (DSR), written by Daniel Kratzert, is designed to simplify the modeling of molecular disorder in crystal structures
Disordered Structure Refinement
Disordered_Structure_Refinement
Algebraic structure of set algebra
In mathematical analysis and in probability theory, a σ-algebra ("sigma algebra") is part of the formalism for defining sets that can be measured. In calculus
Σ-algebra
English musician and songwriter (born 1942)
Beatles." Critics described Rubber Soul as a significant advance in the refinement and profundity of the band's music and lyrics. Considered a high point
Paul_McCartney
Mathematical ways to group elements of a set
representative element from every equivalence class. A partition α of a set X is a refinement of a partition ρ of X—and we say that α is finer than ρ and that ρ is
Partition_of_a_set
Country in South Asia
and comparative abundance that marked the Mewari landscape fostered refinements unattainable in other lands. Ameri, Marta; Costello, Sarah Kielt; Jamison
Nepal
American actress (born 1949)
someone else's – with a certain flat quality, as if later education and refinement came after a somewhat unsophisticated childhood. Streep entered the 2000s
Meryl_Streep
English writer and journalist (1812–1870)
Dickens's biographer Simon Callow's estimation, the public display was "a new refinement added to his misery". A few months after his imprisonment, John Dickens's
Charles_Dickens
Canadian singer (born 1968)
tempo". According to Kent Nagano, she is "a musician who has a good ear, a refinement, and a degree of perfection that is enviable". Charles Alexander of Time
Celine_Dion
Country in East Asia
nature as allegory. During the imperial era, skill in art was a marker of refinement and high social status. By the Song period, landscape paintings became
China
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
distaff for spinning wool, tripling production. A less technological refinement that still greatly affected daily life was the use of buttons as closures
Middle_Ages
Highway system of the United States of America
The United States Numbered Highway System (often called U.S. Routes or U.S. Highways) is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a
United States Numbered Highway System
United_States_Numbered_Highway_System
The Minkowski Portal Refinement collision detection algorithm is a technique for determining whether two convex shapes overlap. The algorithm was created
Minkowski_Portal_Refinement
Form of song
being supplanted by new forms of polyphony, the earlier melo-rhythmic refinements of monophonic chant seem to have fallen into disuse. Later redactions
Gregorian_chant
Type of polygon mesh in computer graphics
was based on generalized bi-cubic uniform B-splines. The subdivision refinement algorithm was developed in 1978 by Daniel Doo and Malcolm Sabin. The Doo-Sabin
Doo–Sabin_subdivision_surface
American singer-songwriter (born 1969)
albums and wrote it "brings R&B candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement ... Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward and become more relaxed
Mariah_Carey
Formal rule for predicting how a game will be played
puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented
Solution_concept
Method of strengthening materials by changing grain size
angular pressing (ECAP) or high-pressure torsion (HPT), can lead to grain refinement and the creation of new grain boundaries with tailored characteristics
Grain_boundary_strengthening
Topological concept
A collection of subsets of a topological space X is said to be locally finite if each point in the space has a neighbourhood that intersects only finitely
Locally_finite_collection
Concept in decision theory
from a given decision model. Refinement is the fourth and most critical stage in using formal decision methods. The refinement stage responds to the insights
Decision_model
Topological space with a point-finite open refinement for every cover
cover has a point-finite open refinement. That is, given any open cover of the topological space, there is a refinement that is again an open cover with
Metacompact_space
British virtual band
studio album, Cracker Island (2023), met generally positive reviews as a refinement of their usual style. The band's ninth studio album, The Mountain (2026)
Gorillaz
Checking software against expectations
services describes private beta testing in short rounds, with updates and refinement informed by feedback. An empirical study of continuous software engineering
Software_testing
American grading system for rock climbs
by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North
Yosemite_Decimal_System
Family of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernel
hardware standards and data formats requires continuous architectural refinement to maintain compatibility across different device classes. Development
Linux
American baseball player (born 1992)
spectacular-looking, effort-based play but hasn’t shown enough technical refinement in his five pro seasons to convince scouts he can play a position... [he
Daniel_Vogelbach
Techniques to train attention and awareness
"Defining mindfulness: A review of existing definitions and suggested refinements". Mindfulness. 16 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02470-3 (inactive
Meditation
Heuristic test for graph isomorphism
isomorphism between two graphs G and H. It is a generalization of the color refinement algorithm and has been first described by Weisfeiler and Leman in 1968
Weisfeiler Leman graph isomorphism test
Weisfeiler_Leman_graph_isomorphism_test
Country in Central Europe
non-actors. Directors are trying to preserve natural atmosphere without refinement and artificial arrangement of scenes. A personality of the 1960s and the
Czech_Republic
Oil used in food and cooking, of vegetable or animal origin
oil extraction and refinement are separate processes. Extraction first removes the oil, typically from a seed, nut or fruit. Refinement then alters the appearance
Cooking_oil
Computer science field
used for verification when two descriptions are not equivalent. During refinement, the specification is complemented with details that are unnecessary in
Model_checking
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
historians, these by no means signify simply a reaction against over-refinement and reversion to a misconceived natural life. [...] This is an illusion
Karl_Marx
German philosopher (1724–1804)
equality, assigning them a primary role in marriage, social harmony, and the refinement of society rather than in independent moral or civic life. Kant's influence
Immanuel_Kant
Food made of flour and water
The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans all considered the degree of refinement in the bakery arts as a sign of civilization. The Chorleywood bread process
Bread
Mathematical concept
way to understand an ε-quadratic form is to think of it as a quadratic refinement of its associated ε-symmetric form. For instance, in defining a Clifford
Ε-quadratic_form
FDR (Failures-Divergences Refinement) and subsequently FDR2, FDR3 and FDR4 are refinement checking software tools, designed to check formal models expressed
FDR_(software)
American musician and actor (born 1949)
but keen-eyed master of ceremonies. Rain Dogs added extra textures and refinements, laying its (marked) cards on the table with its opening track, "Singapore"
Tom_Waits
Painting produced in the Western world
Renaissance saw painting advance significantly, in conjunction with the refinement of drawing, perspective, ambitious architecture, tapestry, stained glass
Western_painting
language Haskell which allows specifying correctness properties by using refinement types. Properties are verified using a satisfiability modulo theories
Liquid_Haskell
Electronic game with user interface and visual feedback
remains challenged to distinguish between creating new games based on refinements of past successful games to create a new type of gameplay, and intentionally
Video_game
Method of software development
Compared to the Z notation, B is slightly more low-level and more focused on refinement to code rather than just formal specification — hence it is easier to
B-Method
American television series (2022–present)
professor and a severed worker for Lumon Industries in the Macrodata Refinement (MDR) department. Zach Cherry as Dylan G./Dylan George, Mark's severed
Severance_(TV_series)
Data type for values having two types
not necessarily composite. A restricted form of intersection types are refinement types. Intersection types are useful for describing overloaded functions
Intersection_type
American ambient music project
six years later, the duo released their second double album, And Their Refinement of the Decline, in April 2007 to widespread critical acclaim. In December
Stars_of_the_Lid
and infinite descending chains. A subset of this lattice is known as a refinement graph. θ-subsumption was first introduced by J. Alan Robinson in 1965
Theta-subsumption
Device used to aid in the syncing of audio with a moving image
Whiting. The clapperboard with both the sticks and slate together was a refinement of Leon M. Leon (1903–1998), a pioneer sound engineer. A clapperboard
Clapperboard
1526–1857 empire in South Asia
introduction of hammams into the Indian subcontinent. The evolution and refinement of Mughal and Indian architecture, and, in turn, the development of later
Mughal_Empire
Capital city of China
to a distinctive style that blends northern Chinese staples with court refinement. Peking duck is perhaps the best known dish. Fuling jiabing, a traditional
Beijing
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
maps are used to complete the structure. The final step is a numerical refinement of the atomic positions against the experimental data, sometimes assisted
X-ray_crystallography
Chemical element with atomic number 13 (Al)
Aluminium (the Commonwealth and preferred IUPAC name) or aluminum (North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13
Aluminium
American multinational automobile manufacturer
Ford. Within a decade the company led the world in the expansion and refinement of the assembly line concept, and Ford soon brought much of the part production
Ford_Motor_Company
American rock band
writer Tony Asher on several of the songs for the album Pet Sounds, a refinement of the themes and ideas introduced in Today!. In some ways, the music
The_Beach_Boys
Topological space which is a generalization of certain compact spaces
paracompact space is a topological space in which every open cover has an open refinement that is locally finite. These spaces were introduced by Dieudonné (1944)
Paracompact_space
Operating system for Apple computers
described this release as emphasizing "refinements to the Mac experience" and "improvements to system performance". Refinements include public transport built
MacOS
Play by Samuel Beckett
been Pozzo." Pozzo credits Lucky with having given him all the culture, refinement, and ability to reason that he possesses. His rhetoric has been learned
Waiting_for_Godot
Ophthalmic instrument
either positions, cylindrical lens should be tried to correct astigmatism. Refinement of axis of cylindrical lens in astigmatism correction is done by placing
Jackson_cross_cylinder
Home video game console by Sony
control adjustments, system performance and stability improvements, and refinements to messages and overall usability on certain system screens. On September
PlayStation_5
2001 studio album by Stars of the Lid
issued new vinyl presses of the album and their following album, And Their Refinement of the Decline (2007) for CAD$52, as both were out of print. Around the
The_Tired_Sounds_Of
Signal processing technique
progress on this problem involves using an iteratively directional TV refinement for CS reconstruction. This method would have 2 stages: the first stage
Compressed_sensing
Computer programming paradigm
typical example of a refinement model, and formula evaluation in spreadsheets are a typical example of a perturbation model. The refinement model is more general
Constraint_programming
American singer and songwriter (born 1981)
songs" and that her musical compositions make up for a lack of lyrical refinement. Gregory Stephen Tate of The Village Voice compared Keys's writing and
Alicia_Keys
Increasing sequence of numbers that span an interval
partition x. Another partition Q of the given interval [a, b] is defined as a refinement of the partition P, if Q contains all the points of P and possibly some
Partition_of_an_interval
Indo-Aryan language
seats of refinement, grace and style. Mirza Ghalib of Delhi could not resist the charm of Lucknow's language and in spite of his refinements in language
Urdu
Dutch programmer and crystallographer
himself on the full profile refinement method in powder diffraction, which became later known as the Rietveld refinement method. The method was developed
Hugo_Rietveld
Word derived from sophistry
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sophistication refers to the qualities of refinement, good taste, and wisdom. By contrast, its original use was as a pejorative
Sophistication
Graphical method to simplify Boolean expressions
algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced the technique in 1953 as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch's 1952 Veitch chart, which itself was a rediscovery
Karnaugh_map
Vinyl analog sound storage discs
the entire US record industry and, apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound in 1957, it remained
LP_record
2012–2014 trilogy by Peter Jackson
medieval-inspired productions to convey nobility, authority, and aristocratic refinement. Dean O'Gorman was hired in April 2011 for the role of Fíli. Jackson stated
The_Hobbit_(film_series)
Animal
crossed with Arabians or Thoroughbreds, producing a riding horse with more refinement than a draft horse, but greater size and milder temperament than a lighter
Horse
Restorationist Christian denomination
Watch Tower Society. The publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually
Jehovah's_Witnesses
Brief of the 17 SDGs
held in March 2017. The official indicator list below includes all the refinements made as of March 2020[update]. The lists of 169 targets and indicators
List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators
List_of_Sustainable_Development_Goal_targets_and_indicators
Mortar
army during the Second World War. Designed by Edgar Brandt, it was a refinement of the Stokes mortar. The Brandt mortar was highly influential, being
Brandt_Mle_27/31
Disney cartoon character and mascot
by The Disney Company as Mickey's debut. It also featured some design refinements, and included the use of a bouncing ball on the film print to allow conductors
Mickey_Mouse
travel, tourism, insurance
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Purity; Refinement
Girl/Female
Muslim
Purity, Refinement, Clarity
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Refinement
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Refinement
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Purity; Refinement; Clarity
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
REFINEMENT
n.
Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish.
n.
The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.
n.
A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted for trial and refinement.
n.
Refinement; delicacy.
n.
A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests.
a.
Not elegant; deficient in beauty, polish, refinement, grave, or ornament; wanting in anything which correct taste requires.
n.
That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic.
n.
The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.
v.
Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite literature.
n.
Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the homeliness of manners, or language.
n.
Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.
a.
Hence, lacking cultivation or refinement; rustic; boorish; also, offensive to good taste or refined feelings; low; coarse; mean; base; as, vulgar men, minds, language, or manners.
superl.
Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse.
n.
The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners; urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions.
n.
The quality or state of being urbane; civility or courtesy of manners; politeness; refinement.
n.
Grossness or clownishness of manners of language; absence of refinement; coarseness.
n.
Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.
n.
Excessive refinement.
superl.
Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive.
n.
Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.
travel, tourism, insurance