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Attribute of a software system
Programming complexity (or software complexity) is a term that includes software properties that affect internal interactions. Several commentators distinguish
Programming_complexity
Measure of the structural complexity of a software program
Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to indicate the complexity of a program. It is a quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent
Cyclomatic_complexity
Measure of algorithmic complexity
Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer program (in a predetermined programming language) that
Kolmogorov_complexity
Feature of systems that defy description
Complexity characterizes the behavior of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to non-linearity
Complexity
computational resources unlike conventional complexity theory. The central goal of ICC is to identify programming formalisms — such as restricted formal languages
Implicit computational complexity
Implicit_computational_complexity
Analysis of computer programs without executing them
Analysis (SA) and Implicit Computational Complexity (ICC). SA is algorithmic in nature: it focuses on a broad programming language of choice, and seeks to determine
Static_program_analysis
1986 paper on software project management
significant improvement in the area of accidental complexity was the invention of high-level programming languages, such as Ada. Brooks advocates "growing"
No_Silver_Bullet
Dividing a system in computer science
of composition, and is often used in object-oriented programming (OOP), structured programming, and structured analysis. A decomposition paradigm in
Decomposition (computer science)
Decomposition_(computer_science)
Estimate of time taken for running an algorithm
the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of computer time it takes to run an algorithm. Time complexity is commonly
Time_complexity
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
computational complexity Richard Bellman — dynamic programming and shortest-path algorithms George Dantzig — simplex algorithm and linear programming Jack Edmonds
Outline_of_algorithms
Mathematic definition
polynomial extension complexity. The notion of extension complexity has also been generalized from linear programming to semidefinite programming, by considering
Extension_complexity
Language for controlling a computer
programming, assembly languages (or second-generation programming languages—2GLs) were invented, diverging from the machine language to make programs
Programming_language
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Traditional first example of a computer programming language
"Hello, world" program in a given programming language. This is one measure of a programming language's ease of use. Since the program is meant as an
Hello,_world
Connection between computers or programs
An application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or between computer programs. It is a type of software interface, offering
API
Method to solve optimization problems
Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization). More formally, linear programming is a technique
Linear_programming
Unit hypercube of variable dimension whose corners have been perturbed
point methods? Klee–Minty cubes tighten iteration-complexity bounds" (PDF). Mathematical Programming. 113 (1): 1–14. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.214.111. doi:10
Klee–Minty_cube
Class in computational complexity theory
}{=}}{\mathsf {P}}} More unsolved problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, the class NC (for Nick's class) is the set of decision problems
NC_(complexity)
Estimate of number of possible chess games
Combinatorial explosion Game complexity Go and mathematics Solving chess Shannon, Claude E. (March 1950). "Programming a computer for playing chess"
Shannon_number
Collaborative method for developing software
while pair programming than programming alone. Furthermore, 95% said that they were more confident in their work when they pair programmed. However, as
Pair_programming
American annual computer science prize
"Complexity of computations". Communications of the ACM. 20 (9): 625–633. doi:10.1145/359810.359816. Scott, D. S. (1977). "Logic and programming languages"
Turing_Award
Recreational computer programming competition
Computer programming portal Code poetry Data compression Minification (programming) Obfuscation (software) Perl pastimes Kolmogorov complexity Code Golf
Code_golf
Computer bus used for data storage systems
host/controller interface, reduce the programming complexity in the host device driver, and reduced system cost and complexity. The 40-pin IDE/ATA connection
Hard_disk_drive_interface
Term in early computing history
as long as there were no machines, programming was no problem at all; when we had a few weak computers, programming became a mild problem, and now we have
Software_crisis
Rules out assigning to arbitrary functions their computational complexity
program representations in a given programming language. In the theory of algorithms one often strives to find a program with the smallest complexity
Blum's_speedup_theorem
focuses on input handling, complexity, and program design as strategies to improve the verifiability of computer programs. It was introduced in 2005 by
Language-theoretic_security
Numerical measure of program structure
essential complexity numbers, which can only be obtained for non-structured programs, indicate that they are further away from the structured programming ideal
Essential_complexity
Object-oriented programming language
its release, and has been a popular programming language since then. Java was the third most popular programming language in 2022[update] according to
Java_(programming_language)
Declarative logic programming language
Datalog, answer set programming, DatalogZ, and constraint logic programming. When evaluated as an answer set program, a Datalog program yields a single answer
Datalog
Set of objects whose state must satisfy limits
high complexity, requiring a combination of heuristics and combinatorial search methods to be solved in a reasonable time. Constraint programming (CP)
Constraint satisfaction problem
Constraint_satisfaction_problem
System composed of many interacting components
and Complexity", exploring the diversity of problem types by contrasting problems of simplicity, disorganized complexity, and organized complexity. Weaver
Complex_system
Notion in combinatorial game theory
Combinatorial game theory measures game complexity in several ways: State-space complexity (the number of legal game positions from the initial position)
Game_complexity
Complexity class (logarithmic space)
In computational complexity theory, L (also known as LSPACE, LOGSPACE or DLOGSPACE) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved
L_(complexity)
Programming paradigm based on block-based control flow
Structured programming is a programming paradigm characterized by source code that uses block-based source code structure to encode control flow such as
Structured_programming
General-purpose programming language
general-purpose programming language that emphasizes performance, type safety, concurrency, and memory safety. Rust supports multiple programming paradigms
Rust_(programming_language)
Open-source platform for continuous inspection of code quality
application programming interface (API) keys, encryption keys, tokens, database credentials. Free and open-source software portal Computer programming portal
SonarQube
Study of computation
computer to perform. Imperative programming focuses on describing how a program operates. Object-oriented programming, a programming paradigm based on the concept
Computer_science
Programming paradigm based on asynchronous data streams
In computing, reactive programming is a declarative programming paradigm concerned with data streams and the propagation of change. With this paradigm
Reactive_programming
Complexity of sending information in a distributed algorithm
In theoretical computer science, communication complexity studies the amount of communication required to solve a problem when the input to the problem
Communication_complexity
Software that provides access that hides details
development of programming language from the first-generation programming language (machine language) to the second-generation programming language (assembly
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstraction_(computer_science)
Ritual inclusion of unnecessary computer code
Cargo cult programming is a style of computer programming characterized by the ritual inclusion of code or program structures that serve no real purpose
Cargo_cult_programming
American computer scientist (born 1969)
Computational Complexity in 2005 and 2007, and the best student paper award at the International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming in 2004 from
Ryan Williams (computer scientist)
Ryan_Williams_(computer_scientist)
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational
Quantum_complexity_theory
Measurement of computational complexity
computational resources, asymptotic time complexity and asymptotic space complexity of computational algorithms and programs are commonly estimated. Other asymptotically
Asymptotic computational complexity
Asymptotic_computational_complexity
Algorithmic runtime requirements for common math procedures
the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations. Here, complexity refers to the time complexity of performing computations
Computational complexity of mathematical operations
Computational_complexity_of_mathematical_operations
Standards and guidelines for writing code
guidelines for a specific programming language that recommend programming style, practices, and methods for each aspect of a program written in that language
Coding_conventions
Computer programming language
can be made. BCL has applications in the theory of program-size complexity (Kolmogorov complexity). Utilizing K and S combinators of the Combinatory logic
Binary_combinatory_logic
Mathematical optimization problem restricted to integers
linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear. Integer programming is NP-complete
Integer_programming
Notion of the "hardest" or "most general" problem in a complexity class
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem is complete for a complexity class if it is, in a technical sense, among the "hardest" (or
Complete_(complexity)
Process to create executable computer programs
procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages. Today, programmers generally use high-level programming languages that are more easily intelligible
Computer_programming
Application of complexity theory to strategy
Complexity theory and organizations, also called complexity strategy or complex adaptive organizations, is the use of the study of complexity systems
Complexity theory and organizations
Complexity_theory_and_organizations
Model of computational complexity
In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according
Circuit_complexity
In computational complexity theory, the complement of a decision problem is the decision problem resulting from reversing the yes and no answers. Equivalently
Complement_(complexity)
Concept of art that can be described by a computer program
Low-complexity art was described by Jürgen Schmidhuber in 1997, defined as art that can be described by a short computer program (that is, a computer program
Low-complexity_art
Adage referring to time estimates
accurately estimating the time it will take to complete tasks of substantial complexity: Hofstadter's law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you
Hofstadter's_law
Programming language using strict evaluation
A strict programming language is a programming language that only allows strict functions (functions whose parameters must be evaluated completely before
Strict_programming_language
Programming language family
""2.4 Functional Programming: LISP";"6.9 List Types";"15.4 The First Functional Programming Language: LISP"". Concepts of Programming Languages (print)
Lisp_(programming_language)
Computational complexity class of problems
In computational complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial
BQP
Bundling of data
similarity has been explained by programming language theorists in terms of existential types. In object-oriented programming languages, and other related
Encapsulation (computer programming)
Encapsulation_(computer_programming)
Measure of the degree to which software possesses some property
been limited to the following domains: Scheduling Software sizing Programming complexity Software development effort estimation Software quality A specific
Software_metric
Classification of computer problems
Geometric complexity theory (GCT), is a research program in computational complexity theory proposed by Ketan Mulmuley and Milind Sohoni. The goal of the
Geometric_complexity_theory
kinds of complexity are closely related: If P has facet complexity at most f, then P has vertex complexity at most 4 n2 f. If P has vertex complexity at most
N-dimensional_polyhedron
Approach to software development
Literate programming (LP) is a programming paradigm introduced in 1984 by Donald Knuth in which a computer program is given as an explanation of how it
Literate_programming
on Programming HOPL – ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages Conference ICFP – ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming ICLP
List of computer science conferences
List_of_computer_science_conferences
Programming language
for generic programming in initial versions of Go drew considerable criticism. The designers expressed an openness to generic programming and noted that
Go_(programming_language)
American mathematician
mathematician, specializing in optimization algorithms for linear programming and nonlinear programming. In 1983 he received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University
James_Renegar
Class of problems solvable in polynomial time
without changing the complexity class. P is known to contain many natural problems, including the decision versions of linear programming, and finding a maximum
P_(complexity)
Concept in computer science
In complexity theory, ZPP (zero-error probabilistic polynomial time) is the complexity class of problems for which a probabilistic Turing machine exists
ZPP_(complexity)
Topics referred to by the same term
class, a type system construct that supports polymorphism Class (programming), programming construct for defining an object template C++ classes, C++ language
Class
Type of computer science algorithm
that space complexity also has varied choices in whether or not to count the index lengths as part of the space used. Often, the space complexity is given
In-place_algorithm
functional programming, type theory and constructive mathematics, computational complexity theory, and algorithmics. His Ph.D. thesis, The Program Complexity of
Harry_Mairson
Measuring the time or resources used by a section of a computer program
profiling (program profiling, software profiling) is a form of dynamic program analysis that measures, for example, the space (memory) or time complexity of a
Profiling (computer programming)
Profiling_(computer_programming)
Unsolved problem in computer science
average-case complexity (time vs. problem size) of such algorithms can be surprisingly low. An example is the simplex algorithm in linear programming, which
P_versus_NP_problem
Complexity class
computational complexity theory, the class QIP (which stands for Quantum Interactive Proof) is the quantum computing analogue of the classical complexity class
QIP_(complexity)
Code generation technique or a project generation technique
frameworks. Project generation It is a technique supported by various programming tools. Scaffolding in software development refers to automated code generation
Scaffold_(programming)
Systems theory of change in complexity
minimum amount of complexity, and that attempting to "push down" the complexity of such a system in one place will invariably cause complexity to "pop up" elsewhere
Waterbed_theory
Electronic reproduction of musical sounds
languages. There are many music coding languages of varying complexity. Music programming is also frequently used in modern pop and rock music from various
Programming_(music)
Theorem about a certain class of control-flow graphs
programming language P′′. The theorem forms the basis of structured programming, a programming paradigm which eschews the goto statement, exclusively using other
Structured_program_theorem
Measure in information theory
Logical depth is a measure of complexity for individual strings devised by Charles H. Bennett based on the computational complexity of an algorithm that can
Logical_depth
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
to the complexity of the main applications that include, at least, a method to represent mathematical data in a computer, a user programming language
Theoretical_computer_science
Defines whether uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as distinct
as case-insensitive to make them easier to remember, reducing typing complexity, and eliminate the possibility of both mistakes and fraud when two usernames
Case_sensitivity
Security by granting only essential access
exist multiple competing definitions of true least privilege. As program complexity increases rapidly, so do the number of potential issues, rendering
Principle_of_least_privilege
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class 2-EXPTIME (sometimes called 2-EXP, sometimes also written 2EXPTIME) is the set of all decision
2-EXPTIME
Study of resources used by an algorithm
the analysis of algorithms is the process of finding the computational complexity of algorithms—the amount of time, storage, or other resources needed to
Analysis_of_algorithms
Sequence of program instructions invokable by other software
each input Functional programming – Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions Fused operation – Basic programming language constructPages
Function (computer programming)
Function_(computer_programming)
Submarine-launched ballistic missile
limits. The Polaris missile program's complexity led to the development of new project management techniques, including the Program Evaluation and Review Technique
UGM-27_Polaris
In computational complexity theory, CC (Comparator Circuits) is the complexity class containing decision problems which can be solved by comparator circuits
CC_(complexity)
Subfield of convex optimization
Semidefinite programming (SDP) is a subfield of mathematical programming concerned with the optimization of a linear objective function (a user-specified
Semidefinite_programming
Software development methodology
elements of extreme programming include programming in pairs or doing extensive code review, unit testing of all code, not programming features until they
Extreme_programming
Creating working software
Minimizing programming complexity is mainly driven by the limited ability of people to effectively process complex information. Complexity can be reduced
Software_construction
Length of expression as combination of 1s
In number theory, the complexity of an integer is the smallest number of ones that can be used to represent it using ones and any number of additions,
Integer_complexity
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm
Functional_programming
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
high-level programming language to a low-level programming language (e.g., assembly language, object code, or machine code) to create an executable program. There
Compiler
fails due to an exponential complexity. If the problem also shares an optimal substructure property, dynamic programming is a good way to work it out
Overlapping_subproblems
Determining the probability of future events based on past events
length of the shortest program that represents the string of bits is called the Kolmogorov complexity. Kolmogorov complexity is not computable. This
Inductive_probability
American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1938)
work The Art of Computer Programming. He contributed to the development of the rigorous analysis of the computational complexity of algorithms and systematized
Donald_Knuth
Practice of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and criteria at a specified time
for project management to be effective. Complexity can be: Structural complexity (also known as detail complexity, or complicatedness), i.e. consisting
Project_management
American professional electronic sports organization
Complexity Gaming, formerly stylized as compLexity, was an American esports franchise headquartered in Frisco, Texas. The franchise was founded in 2003
Complexity_Gaming
Uruguayan mathematician (born 1958)
research into the complexity theory of the Blum–Shub–Smale computational model and the complexity of numerical algorithms in linear programming and numerical
Felipe_Cucker
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, Polynomial Local Search (PLS) is a complexity class that models the difficulty of finding a locally optimal solution
PLS_(complexity)
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