Search references for PHOTON DIFFUSION. Phrases containing PHOTON DIFFUSION
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Photon diffusion is an approximate description of how light spreads through a material in which scattering is much more common than absorption. In such
Photon_diffusion
Physical process in cosmology
In modern cosmological theory, diffusion damping, also called photon diffusion damping, is a physical process which reduced density inequalities (anisotropies)
Diffusion_damping
Second order partial differential equation
Photon diffusion equation is a second order partial differential equation describing the time behavior of photon fluence rate distribution in a low-absorption
Photon_diffusion_equation
for photon transport in tissue uses the advantages and eliminates the deficiencies of both the Monte Carlo method and the diffusion theory for photon transport
Hybrid theory for photon transport in tissue
Hybrid_theory_for_photon_transport_in_tissue
Material that scatters light in optics
much simpler. Beam homogenizer Diffuse reflection Integrating sphere Photon diffusion Beauty dish Reflector (photography) Softbox Soft focus Fairchild, Mark
Diffuser_(optics)
Central region of the Sun
radius, where heat transfer is by radiation) sets the photon diffusion time scale (or "photon travel time") from the core to the outer edge of the radiative
Solar_core
Transport of dissolved species from the highest to the lowest concentration region
diffusion, diffusion of molecules from more dense to less dense areas Momentum diffusion ex. the diffusion of the hydrodynamic velocity field Photon diffusion
Diffusion
Meteorological condition
by particles Diffuser (optics) Gloom June Gloom Hard and soft light Photon diffusion "Aerodrome Weather Report" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization
Overcast
approximation summarized here is the diffusion approximation. Overall, solutions to the diffusion equation for photon transport are more computationally
Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue
Radiative_transfer_equation_and_diffusion_theory_for_photon_transport_in_biological_tissue
Topics referred to by the same term
a fluid Photon diffusion, an optical effect Diffuse reflection, the reflection of light from an uneven or granular surface Reverse diffusion, the movement
Diffusion_(disambiguation)
Equation that describes density changes of a material that is diffusing in a medium
diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue Streamline diffusion Numerical solution of the convection–diffusion equation Barna, I.F.;
Diffusion_equation
Use of light for medical investigation
removal. Ballistic photon Diffuse optical imaging Optical coherence tomography Optical tomography Photon diffusion Photon diffusion equation Laser Doppler
Medical_optical_imaging
Region of a star
L=-4\pi \,r^{2}D{\frac {\partial u}{\partial r}}} Where D is the photons diffusion coefficient, and u is the energy density. The energy density is related
Radiative_zone
Range of physical processes in physics
scattering Neutron scattering Phase space measurement with forward modeling Photon diffusion Powder diffraction Raman scattering Rayleigh scattering Resonances
Scattering
Technique for determining size distribution of particles
fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon autocorrelation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy – PCS or quasi-elastic
Dynamic_light_scattering
Silk (1942–) explained the homogeneity of the early universe using photon diffusion damping Willem de Sitter (1872–1934) developed a theory of dark matter
List_of_cosmologists
Space propulsion method using Sun radiation
Solar sails (also known as lightsails, light sails, and photon sails) are a method of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight
Solar_sail
Unscattered particle
M. Yoo, Feng Liu, and R. R. Alfano "When does the diffusion approximation fail to describe photon transport in random media?" 28 May 1990 [3] S. Farsiu
Ballistic_photon
Analytical technique
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) in physics and chemistry, is a novel technique that exploits a coherent X-ray synchrotron beam to measure
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
X-ray_photon_correlation_spectroscopy
Solid-state photodetector
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), also called Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD or GM-APD) is a solid-state photodetector within the same family
Single-photon_avalanche_diode
Camera accessory consisting of an optical filter
highlights as well. A diffusion filter (also called a softening filter) softens subjects and generates a dreamy haze (see photon diffusion). This is most often
Photographic_filter
Equation in stellar astrophysics
L=-4\pi \,r^{2}D{\frac {\partial u}{\partial r}}} where D is the photons diffusion coefficient, and u is the energy density. Note that this assumes that
Mass–luminosity_relation
Modeling application
Modeling photon propagation with Monte Carlo methods is a flexible yet rigorous approach to simulate photon transport. In the method, local rules of photon transport
Monte Carlo method for photon transport
Monte_Carlo_method_for_photon_transport
Type of statistical analysis
two-photon or three-photon excitation FCS. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Confocal microscopy Diffusion coefficient
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence_correlation_spectroscopy
American biochemist and sailor (1913–2010)
the late 1980s, he developed various near-infrared spectroscopy and photon diffusion imaging methods. He was also a pioneer in the numerical simulations
Britton_Chance
Interaction of light with material waves in a medium
electrostriction and magnetostriction). The scattering is inelastic i.e. the photon may lose energy (Stokes process) and in the process create one of the three
Brillouin_scattering
Mathematical concept applicable to physics
with suffix "e" (for "energetic") to avoid confusion with photometric or photon quantities. Alternative symbols sometimes seen: W or E for radiant energy
Flux
Inelastic scattering of photons by matter
scattering or the Raman effect (/ˈrɑːmən/) is the inelastic scattering of photons by matter, meaning that there is both an exchange of energy and a change
Raman_scattering
Photomultiplier Photon Photon-in-photon-out Photon-intermediate direct energy conversion Photon Doppler velocimetry Photon Factory Photon diffusion Photon entanglement
Index_of_physics_articles_(P)
explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. The theoretical
Theory_of_solar_cells
Response of spin to electromagnetic radiation
paramagnetic resonance Photon echoes in semiconductor optics J. E. Tanner & E. O. Stejskal (2003). "Restricted Self-Diffusion of Protons in Colloidal
Spin_echo
Physical phenomenon
accelerators and storage rings, electrons emit synchrotron radiation in discrete photons, introducing quantum fluctuations into their motion. This discreteness
Quantum fluctuations of synchrotron radiation
Quantum_fluctuations_of_synchrotron_radiation
System for waste clearance in the CNS of vertebrates
during the resting state. Using a combination of diffusion iontophoresis techniques, in vivo 2-photon imaging, and electroencephalography to confirm the
Glymphatic_system
Property of photosensitive devices
measure of its electrical response to light. Another name for it is incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) ratio. In a charge-coupled device (CCD) or
Quantum_efficiency
Absorption of radiation by atoms in the same system as those who emitted it
multiple-scattering phenomena, where a photon is scattered by multiple atoms in a cloud. This motivates treatment as a diffusion problem. As such, one can primarily
Radiation_trapping
Mechanism of light transport
a path-tracing renderer. It essentially simulates what happens to real photons by tracing a light path into the material, generating new paths using a
Subsurface_scattering
Practice of steering a beam of radiation or charged particles across an object
mean free path Monte Carlo method for photon transport Hybrid theory for photon transport in tissue Diffusion theory Monte Carlo method Varian Medical
Pencil-beam_scanning
Light-sensitive material used in making electronics
catalyze many such 'deprotection' reactions; hence, fewer photons or electrons are needed. Acid diffusion is important not only to increase photoresist sensitivity
Photoresist
wavefront sensor Single-photon avalanche diode Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Transition-edge sensor Visible Light Photon Counter Wavefront
List_of_sensors
Computer graphics method
rendering technique called photon mapping or photon density estimation is able to render caustics more effectively. Photon mapping works like the "forward"
Path_tracing
Converts light into current
A photodiode is a semiconductor diode sensitive to photon radiation, such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. It
Photodiode
Medical imaging technique
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD Diffusion MRI
Functional_imaging
Quasiparticle which is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole
in energy to the conduction band, for instance when a material absorbs a photon. Promoting the electron to the conduction band leaves a positively charged
Exciton
Electrochemical processes involving photons and the emission or absorption of light
photoexcitation (PE), where the original electron absorbs the photon and gains all the photon's energy or by electrical excitation (EE), where the original
Photoelectrochemical_process
Measure of radiant energy over surface area
with suffix "e" (for "energetic") to avoid confusion with photometric or photon quantities. Alternative symbols sometimes seen: W or E for radiant energy
Irradiance
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
occur simultaneously in the same system. Heat conduction, also called diffusion, is the direct microscopic exchanges of kinetic energy of particles (such
Heat_transfer
Electric current generation from light
photovoltaic effect can also occur when two photons are absorbed simultaneously in a process called two-photon photovoltaic effect. In addition to the direct
Photovoltaic_effect
Spectroscopy with lasers with very short pulses
long-time kinetics difficult to measure due to flow and diffusion. Unlike time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), this technique can be carried out
Ultrafast_laser_spectroscopy
Shape and size of a digital camera's image sensor
{PQ_{e}t+Dt+N_{r}^{2}}}}} where P {\displaystyle P} is the incident photon flux (photons per second in the area of a pixel), Q e {\displaystyle Q_{e}} is
Image_sensor_format
Photonic systems which use silicon as an optical medium
including the Kerr effect, the Raman effect, two-photon absorption and interactions between photons and free charge carriers. The presence of nonlinearity
Silicon_photonics
German physicist (1858–1947)
Planck relation, E= h {\displaystyle h} ν, states that the energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency. Planck was twice President of the Kaiser
Max_Planck
Canadian manufacturer of scientific instruments
Photon etc. is a Canadian manufacturer of infrared cameras, widely tunable optical filters, hyperspectral imaging and spectroscopic scientific instruments
Photon_etc.
American brain imaging researcher
D. in physics from the University of California, Riverside studying photon-photon collision interactions. In 1985, Kwong was a nuclear medicine physicist
Kenneth_Kwong
Type Ib/Ic supernova in galaxy UGC 11868
with it being Δ15 ≈ 0.41 magnitudes. This indicates a relatively long photon diffusion timescale within the ejecta. J, Prentice, S; C, Ashall; A, Mazzali
SN_2016coi
direction predicted by the drift-diffusion equation. For example, it might be the case that when an electron absorbs a photon, it is disproportionately likely
Anomalous_photovoltaic_effect
Passage of fluid through the circulatory or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue
methods which are mainly positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).[citation needed] Various radiopharmaceuticals
Perfusion
American-Brazilian-British scientist (1917–1992)
theory of plasmas, discovering the electron phenomenon known as Bohm diffusion. His first book, Quantum Theory, published in 1951, was well received
David_Bohm
photons and charge carriers (electrons) in the device to the injection current and to device and material parameters such as carrier lifetime, photon
Laser_diode_rate_equations
Medical imaging and optical technique
)\rangle (1)} In a highly scattering media, the photon fluence rate obeys the time-dependent diffusion equation, shown in equation 2. Optical imaging variables
Diffuse correlation spectrometry
Diffuse_correlation_spectrometry
through what is known as 'single-photon absorption'. As its name implies, single-photon absorption involves just a single photon to excite the electron into
Optical_beam-induced_current
Experimental technique in cell biology
determining the kinetics of diffusion through tissue or cells. It is capable of quantifying the two-dimensional lateral diffusion of a molecularly thin film
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
Fluorescence_recovery_after_photobleaching
Concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element
Pre-excitation—IR Multiple Photon Dissociation). But due to the small absorption probability in the overtones, too many photons remain unused, so that the
Isotope_separation
Trace radiation from the early universe
oscillations and diffusion damping (also called collisionless damping or Silk damping). The acoustic oscillations arise because of a conflict in the photon–baryon
Cosmic_microwave_background
semiconductor radiation detectors - such as photon-counting or hybrid-pixel detectors, charge sharing refers to the diffusion of electrical charges with a negative
Charge_sharing
Emission of secondary X-rays from a material excited by high-energy X-rays
the next photon. Detector speed is obviously critical, as all charge carriers measured have to come from the same photon to measure the photon energy correctly
X-ray_fluorescence
Loss of colour by a pigment when illuminated
few photons, while more robust molecules can undergo many absorption/emission cycles before destruction: Green fluorescent protein: 104–105 photons; 0
Photobleaching
"therapeutic window" spectral range. Photon migration in diffusive media is described by the heuristic model of the diffusion equation, which offers analytical
Diffuse_optical_imaging
Quantum-mechanical version of computer memory
of any state, and a mechanism for converting predetermined photons into on-demand photons. Quantum memory can be used in many aspects, such as quantum
Quantum_memory
Change in energies of a thermodynamic system with respect to particle number
coefficients is zero, as the free energy is at a minimum. In a system in diffusion equilibrium, the chemical potential of any chemical species is uniformly
Chemical_potential
sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Electrons absorb photon energy that excites them to the conduction band from the valence band. This
Hybrid_solar_cell
Escape of gases from the atmosphere
Diffusion-limited escape occurs when the rate of atmospheric escape to space is limited by the upward diffusion of escaping gases through the upper atmosphere
Diffusion-limited_escape
Emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light
duration is a result of quantum spin effects. Fluorescence occurs when a photon from incoming radiation is absorbed by a molecule, exciting it to a higher
Fluorescence
Solar power cell with multiple band gaps from different materials
derive the photon flux by numerically integrating the photon flux per photon energy with respect to photon energy. The numerically integrated photon flux is
Multi-junction_solar_cell
Physical phenomenon of electronic band structures
the minority carrier diffusion length in semiconductors. It is a form of photoluminescence spectroscopy where the emitted photon decay is measured over
Band_bending
Combination of cancer diagnosis and treatment
molecular characteristics, enabling personalized treatment approaches. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is employed in theranostics, using
Theranostics
American neuroscientist
to support this work and is well known in particular for advances in two-photon microscopy and more recently, super-resolution microscopy. He is one of
Bernardo_L._Sabatini
Instrument for measuring ionizing radiation
resultant light pulses. It consists of a scintillator which generates photons in response to incident radiation, a sensitive photodetector (usually a
Scintillation_counter
Electrical engineering equation
a layer going by one hole diffusion length L p {\displaystyle L_{\text{p}}} into the n material and one electron diffusion length L n {\displaystyle L_{\text{n}}}
Shockley_diode_equation
measurements are a widely used method to determine the minority carrier diffusion length of semiconductors. Since the transport of minority carriers determines
Surface_photovoltage
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
formed by the intersection of the polysilicon and diffusion; N diffusion for the N device & P diffusion for the P device (illustrated in salmon and yellow
CMOS
releasing a single photon of blue light (480 nm) in the process. This photon is captured by the adjacent GFP, releasing a photon of green light. This
Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase
Renilla-luciferin_2-monooxygenase
Photonics to control quantum states
multiplexed (deterministic) single photons sources). Historically, waveguides are defined using titanium in-diffusion, resulting in large waveguides (large
Integrated_quantum_photonics
Process to excite an atom beyond its ionization potential to form an ion
beam of photons irradiated from a pulsed laser light. In resonance ionization, the absorption or emission properties of the emitted photons are not considered
Resonance_ionization
Semiconductor analysis technique
current will flow. EBIC is best understood by analogy: in a solar cell, photons of light fall on the entire cell, thus delivering energy and creating electron
Electron_beam-induced_current
Software package for simulating nuclear processes
Thermal neutrons are described by both the free gas and S(α,β) models. MCNP photon transport models account for incoherent and coherent scattering, the possibility
Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code
Monte_Carlo_N-Particle_Transport_Code
Device used to produce electricity from light
conventional solar cells. Photon upconversion is the process of using two low-energy (e.g., infrared) photons to produce one higher energy photon; downconversion
Solar_cell
Property of an object or substance that is impervious to light
}\kappa _{\nu }^{-1}u(\nu ,T)d\nu }{\int _{0}^{\infty }u(\nu ,T)d\nu }}.} The photon mean free path is λ ν = ( κ ν ρ ) − 1 {\displaystyle \lambda _{\nu }=(\kappa
Opacity
Swiss physicist
teleportation over long distances. In the latter experiment the receiving photon was hundreds of meters away when the Bell state measurement that triggers
Nicolas_Gisin
Medical imaging technique
also may be used to form images of non-living objects, such as mummies. Diffusion MRI and functional MRI extend the utility of MRI to capture neuronal tracts
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Range of wavelengths from 650 to 1350 nanometre
Since scattering increases the distance travelled by photons within tissue, the probability of photon absorption also increases. The NIR window is primarily
Near-infrared window in biological tissue
Near-infrared_window_in_biological_tissue
Quasi-particle
forbidden and the most efficient alternative is coherent nondegenerate two-photon excitation, using | 01 ⟩ {\displaystyle |01\rangle } or | 10 ⟩ {\displaystyle
Biexciton
Measurement of photon propagation
(noted l*) is the length over which the direction of propagation of the photon is randomized. It is related to the mean free path l by the relation: l
Transport_length
Death of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flow
the assessment of a stable stroke, nuclear medicine scans such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography–computed
Stroke
Measure of the deviation of position over time
measured over time to determine if a particle is spreading slowly due to diffusion, or if an advective force is also contributing. Another relevant concept
Mean_squared_displacement
Thin semiconductors
which allows control of the electron spin by tuning the excitation laser photon energy and handedness. 2D nature and high spin–orbit coupling in TMD layers
Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Transition_metal_dichalcogenide_monolayers
Interdisciplinary field
include diffusion MRI and functional MRI. Diffusion MRI is a structural magnetic resonance imaging modality that allows measurement of the diffusion process
Medical_image_computing
Cosmic rays inside the heliosphere
Interstellar neutral atoms drift inward, become ionized by solar ultraviolet photons, electron impact, or charge exchange, are picked up by the solar wind,
Anomalous_cosmic_ray
Chemical compound
for validations of other MBF quantification techniques, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Oxygen-15_labelled_water
Class of chemical substance
dots which can be activated upon photostimuli with the linkers serving as photon antennae. Theoretical calculations show that MOFs are semiconductors or
Metal–organic_framework
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
not always the particles that are used. They might be optical photons, microwave photons, plasmons, microcavity polaritons, or even atoms. Also, the honeycomb
Graphene
PHOTON DIFFUSION
PHOTON DIFFUSION
Male
Greek
(Φόβος) Greek name PHOBOS means "fear." In mythology, this is the name of a son of Ares. It is also the name of a moon of Mars.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a reduced form of Thornton, or a habitational name from Thorton in Marnhull, Dorset, which has the same origin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a postern gate, from Old French posterne; in some cases it would have been a metonymic occupational name for a gatekeeper.English : habitational name from Poston in Herefordshire or Poston in Shropshire, which is named with an Old English personal name Possa + þorn ‘thorn tree’.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly West Midlands)
English (mainly West Midlands) : habitational name from Peyton in Sussex, named the Old English personal name Pǣga + Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’, or from some other place similarly named. Peyton in Essex has probably not contributed; it has a quite different early etymology, and even in the 16th century it was still Pakenho or Patenhall.Irish (mainly County Donegal) : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Peatáin ‘descendant of Peatán’, a pet form of the personal name Pádraig (see Patrick). Outside County Donegal, the name is apparently mainly of English origin (see 1).
Male
Greek
Greek name PHAETON means "the shining one." In mythology, this is the name of one of the steeds of Aurora. The other is Abrax.
Surname or Lastname
English, northern Irish, and Scottish
English, northern Irish, and Scottish : from a pet form of the personal name Pate.The American general George Patton (1885–1945) was born in San Gabriel, CA, into a family with a long military tradition. His earliest American ancestor, Robert Patton, had emigrated from Scotland to VA c.1770.
Male
Native American
Native American Miwok name HONON means "bear."
Female
Greek
(Φωτινή) Greek name derived from the word phos, PHOTINE means "light."
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Payton, PEYTON means "Pæga's settlement."
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish (County Donegal)
English and Irish (County Donegal) : variant spelling of Payton.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Pelton, a place in County Durham, named from an unattested Old English personal name Pēola + tūn ‘farmstead’, ‘settlement’.
Male
Greek
(Φίλων) Greek name derived from the word phileo, PHILON means "to love."
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central and northwestern England)
English (mainly central and northwestern England) : habitational name from Hooton in Cheshire, or from Hooton Levitt, Hooton Pagnell, or Hooton Roberts in South Yorkshire, all named with Old English hÅh ‘spur of land’ + tÅ«n ‘farmstead’.See Hooten.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Penton Mewsey, Hampshire, which is named with Old English pening ‘penny’ + tūn ‘farmstead’, ‘settlement’, i.e. a farmstead paying a penny rent.
Male
Greek
(Πλάτων) Greek name derived from the word platys, PLATON means "broad, flat; plateau."
Male
Greek
(ΠλοÏτων) Greek name derived from the word ploutos, PLOUTON means "wealth." In mythology, this is the name of a god of the underworld.Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Whitton.James Whiton of Hingham, Norfolk, England, came to Plymouth, MA, in 1635.
Male
Greek
(Φώτιος) Greek name derived from the element phos, PHOTIOS means "light."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name, probably from a place in Norfolk named Booton, from an Old English personal name (BÅta or BÅ) + tÅ«n ‘settlement’. The present-day concentration of the surname is in the West Midlands and Wales.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Cambridgeshire)
English (mainly Cambridgeshire) : habitational name from a place in Lincolnshire called Panton, from Old English pamp ‘hill’, ‘ridge’ or panne ‘pan’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.
PHOTON DIFFUSION
PHOTON DIFFUSION
Girl/Female
Arabic
Praise Beautification
Girl/Female
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Thought; Thinking
Female
Hungarian
Pet form of Hungarian R�zsa, RÓZSI means "rose."
Female
French
French form of Swiss/German Verena, possibly VÉRÈNE means "to fear, to respect."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Biblical
judge
Boy/Male
Welsh
Legendary son of Echel Pierced Thighs.
Girl/Female
Gaelic Irish
White shoulder. From Fionnghuala or Fionnuala.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Memory
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Teachings
PHOTON DIFFUSION
PHOTON DIFFUSION
PHOTON DIFFUSION
PHOTON DIFFUSION
PHOTON DIFFUSION
n.
A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having nearly transparent wings.
n.
A philter or love potion.
n.
An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.
v. t.
To drug.
pl.
of Phylon
n.
A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, / Melitaea, Phaeton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; -- called also Baltimore.
n.
A chiton.
n.
The removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See Illust. of Piston.
v. t.
A medicine or mixture; a potion.
a.
A sleeping potion; an opiate.
pl.
of Cornet-a-piston
n.
The art or process of making photo-electrotypes.
pl.
of Phyton
n.
One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.
n.
A contraction of Photograph.
pl.
of Photo