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Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
Graphene (/ˈɡræfiːn/) is a variety of the element carbon which occurs naturally in small amounts. In graphene, the carbon forms a sheet of interlocked
Graphene
Security-focused, Android-based mobile operating system
GrapheneOS (/ˈɡræfiːn.oʊˈɛs/) is an open-source mobile operating system focused on security and privacy, available for Google Pixel and future Motorola
GrapheneOS
Pillared graphene is a hybrid carbon, structure consisting of an oriented array of carbon nanotubes connected at each end to a sheet of graphene. It was
Pillared_graphene
Carbon allotrope
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs, also called nano-graphene ribbons or nano-graphite ribbons) are strips of graphene with width less than 100 nm. Graphene ribbons
Graphene_nanoribbon
Single-layer graphene was first unambiguously produced and identified in 2004, by the group of Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, though they credit
Discovery_of_graphene
of new graphene materials, and favoured by massive cost decreases in graphene production. Researchers in 2011 discovered the ability of graphene to accelerate
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
A graphene antenna is a high-frequency antenna based on graphene, a one atom thick two dimensional carbon crystal, designed to enhance radio communications
Graphene_antenna
Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in which every atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides (due to the 2D structure)
Graphene_chemistry
Graphene is a 2D nanosheet with atomic thin thickness in terms of 0.34 nm. Due to the ultrathin thickness, graphene showed many properties that are quite
Graphene_plasmonics
American chemist
merging of 2D graphene with 1D nanotubes to make a conjoined hybrid material, a new graphene-nanotube 2D material called rebar graphene, graphene quantum dots
James_Tour
Compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
yield monomolecular sheets, known as graphene oxide by analogy to graphene, the single-layer form of graphite. Graphene oxide sheets have been used to prepare
Graphite_oxide
Structure consisting of a two-dimensional sheet of graphene wrapped into a helix
graphene helix, similar to the carbon nanotube, is a structure consisting of a two-dimensional sheet of graphene wrapped into a helix. These graphene
Graphene_helix
Method used to apply surface coatings
nitride, oxynitride), carbon (fiber, nanofibers, nanotubes, diamond and graphene), fluorocarbons, filaments, tungsten, titanium nitride and various high-κ
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Graphene nanoparticle with a size less than 100nm
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are graphene nanoparticles with a size less than 100 nm. Due to their exceptional properties such as low toxicity, stable
Graphene_quantum_dot
Chemical compound
Penta-graphene is a hypothetical carbon allotrope composed entirely of carbon pentagons and resembling the Cairo pentagonal tiling. Penta-graphene was proposed
Penta-graphene
Any of the structures related to and formed from single sheets of graphene
A graphene morphology is any of the structures related to, and formed from, single sheets of graphene. 'Graphene' is typically used to refer to the crystalline
Graphene_morphology
Material consisting of two layers of graphene
Bilayer graphene is a material consisting of two layers of graphene. One of the first reports of bilayer graphene was in the seminal 2004 Science paper
Bilayer_graphene
American advanced materials company
lithium–sulfur batteries. The company is known for its proprietary 3D graphene platform and its efforts to commercialize next-generation battery chemistries
Lyten
High-capacity electrochemical capacitor
graphene. Depending on the temperature, pressure, and concentration of methane, the number of graphene layers produced will vary. Once the graphene layer
Supercapacitor
A graphene lens is an optical refraction device. Graphene's unique 2-D honeycomb contributes to its unique optical properties. The honeycomb structure
Graphene_lens
Graphene oxide paper or graphite oxide paper is a material fabricated from graphite oxide. Micrometer thick films of graphene oxide paper are also named
Graphene_oxide_paper
Graphene is a semimetal whose conduction and valence bands meet at the Dirac points, which are six locations in momentum space, the vertices of its hexagonal
Electronic properties of graphene
Electronic_properties_of_graphene
European Union scientific research initiative
The Graphene Flagship is a European Union scientific research initiative. With a budget of €1 billion, it is one of the large scale initiatives organized
Graphene_Flagship
Graphene spray guns are a kinetic spray system that deposits, through supersonic acceleration, a one atom thick sheet of pure carbon named graphene by
Graphene_spray_gun
Russian–British physicist
nəvɐˈsʲɵləf]; born 23 August 1974) is a Russian–British physicist. His work on graphene with Andre Geim earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. Novoselov
Konstantin_Novoselov
Registered trade name for halocarbon products
undergo a reduction reaction that creates three-dimensional graphene. This three-dimensional graphene is highly conductive and can be used to create high-rate
Freon
Brazilian-born physicist
Antonio Helio de Castro Neto, often referred to as the 'Godfather of Graphene,' is a Brazilian-born physicist who serves as the founder and director of
Antonio_H._Castro_Neto
Crystalline materials consisting of a single layer of atoms
from single elements generally carry the -ene suffix in their names, e.g. graphene. Single-layer materials that are compounds of two or more elements have
Single-layer_materials
American electrical engineer
best known for the discovery of unique thermal properties of graphene and few-layer graphene and their theoretical explanation; studies of phonons in nanostructures
Alexander_A._Balandin
Electrical behaviour of layered materials
materials can change their electrical properties. Materials such as bilayer graphene have been shown to have vastly different electronic behavior, ranging from
Twistronics
Graphene foam is a solid, open-cell foam made of single-layer sheets of graphene. It is a candidate substrate for the electrode of lithium-ion batteries
Graphene_foam
Refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with formula BN
nitride monolayer is analogous to graphene, having a honeycomb lattice structure of nearly the same dimensions. Unlike graphene, which is black and an electrical
Boron_nitride
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
a human hair. They can be idealised as cutouts from a two-dimensional graphene sheet rolled up to form a hollow cylinder. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Carbon_nanotube
Wide-bandgap semiconductor and abrasion-resistant ceramic
to help manufacture graphene. More specifically this different approach to graphene growth has been observed to produce graphene within a temperature
Silicon_carbide
coating of graphene oxide solution as Graphene oxide sheets. The graphene coated nanofiltration membrane showed a higher water flux range. The graphene embedded
Nanotechnology for water purification
Nanotechnology_for_water_purification
Russian physicist
Council Centre for Doctoral Training in Science and the Applications of Graphene. She was awarded the 2019 David Tabor Medal and Prize of the Institute
Irina_Grigorieva_(academic)
Research institute in Manchester, England
National Graphene Institute is a research institute and building at the University of Manchester, England, that is focused on the research of graphene. Construction
National_Graphene_Institute
Dutch-British physicist (born 1958)
Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene. At that time he was a Dutch citizen. He later became a British citizen
Andre_Geim
Indian-American chemical engineer (born 1977)
manufacturing of graphene and other two-dimensional materials. He has developed methods for producing graphene quantum dots and graphene nanoribbons through
Vikas_Berry
South Korean physicist (born 1968)
quantum transport in carbon nanotubes and graphene, including observations of quantum Hall effects in graphene. Kim studied physics at Seoul National University
Philip_Kim_(physicist)
Luxembourg-based graphene nanotube manufacturer
specializes in the production of graphene nanotubes, also known as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and graphene nanotube-based products, and is
OCSiAl
Type of natural semiconductor with thicknesses on the atomic scale
initiated the field in 2004 when they reported a new semiconducting material graphene, a flat monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb lattice. A
Two-dimensional_semiconductor
Professor of NanoEngineering
University of Cambridge. He leads the nanoengineering group in the Cambridge graphene centre and serves as deputy head of division B (electrical engineering)
Tawfique_Hasan
Two-dimensional allotrope of silicon
silicon, with a hexagonal honeycomb structure similar to that of graphene. Contrary to graphene, silicene is not flat, but has a periodically buckled topology;
Silicene
Italian scientist
nanotechnology at the University of Cambridge. Ferrari is a researcher in graphene and related materials. Ferrari earned a PhD in electrical engineering from
Andrea_C._Ferrari
Solution-processing method
directly or indirectly descended from LPE now make up over 60% of global graphene production capacity. This method involves adding powdered layered crystals
Liquid_phase_exfoliation
Methods to make single-atom-thick carbon sheets
A rapidly increasing list of graphene production techniques have been developed to enable graphene's use in commercial applications. Isolated 2D crystals
Graphene production techniques
Graphene_production_techniques
Italian nano-engineer working in Britain
the Department of Chemistry at the University of Manchester and National Graphene Institute in the UK. Casiraghi's undergraduate studies took place at the
Cinzia_Casiraghi
Chemical compound
results in hydrogenated graphene, which was reported by Elias et al. in 2009 by a TEM study to be "direct evidence for a new graphene-based derivative". The
Graphane
Dutch physicist (born 1949)
clusters, field emission and ballistic conduction in carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based electronics. De Heer earned a doctoral degree in physics from the
Walter_de_Heer
British microscopist
transmission electron microscopy, including two-dimensional materials such as graphene. Haigh studied materials science at the University of Oxford, where she
Sarah_Haigh
UK manufacturing company
company that specialises in the production of graphene. The company has developed a process to produce graphene at ultra-high quality and on a larger scale
Levidian_Nanosystems
Graphene-Boron Nitride nanohybrid materials are a class of compounds created from graphene and boron nitride nanosheets. Graphene and boron nitride both
Graphene boron nitride nanohybrid materials
Graphene_boron_nitride_nanohybrid_materials
Least dense solid material
Aerographene or graphene aerogel is the least dense solid known to exist, at 160 g/m3 (0.0100 lb/cu ft; 0.16 mg/cm3; 4.3 oz/yd3). The material reportedly
Aerographene
American physicist and professor
executive editor of the scientific journal AIP Advances and the co-founder of Graphene Frontiers, LLC. Johnson's research is in experimental nanoscale physics
A._T._Charlie_Johnson
Polymorph of silicon dioxide
tetrahedra, which are covalently bonded to the substrate. The second comprises graphene-like fully saturated sheets, which interact with the substrate via weak
2D_silica
properties to its carbon analog, graphene, it has very different chemical and electronic properties. Unlike graphene, which is black and highly conductive
Boron_nitride_nanosheet
of graphene using Scotch tape in 2004. Their Nobel Prize-winning research primarily relied on mechanical exfoliation for the production of graphene which
Exfoliation_(chemistry)
Chemical compound
of Novel Poly(Urethane-Imide) Nanocomposite Based on Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide". Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering
3,3',4,4'-Benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride
3,3',4,4'-Benzophenone_tetracarboxylic_dianhydride
Chemical process
in the creation of a one-atom-thick version of the substance known as graphene oxide. Graphite oxide is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen where
Hummers'_method
Type of field-effect transistor
Jolie; Barron, Francie (2019). "Digital Biosensing by Foundry-Fabricated Graphene Sensors". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 434. arXiv:1808.05557. Bibcode:2019NatSR
Bio-FET
Anglo-Italian materials scientist
characterisation of graphene-based nanocomposites, in particular 3D graphene structures such as graphene foams, as part of the EU's Graphene Flagship. This
Meganne_Christian
Canadian-American physicist (born 1951)
in Physics, for predicting the magic angle that turns twisted bilayer graphene into a superconductor. He was born in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada,
Allan_H._MacDonald
Epitaxial graphene growth on silicon carbide (SiC) by thermal decomposition is a method to produce large-scale few-layer graphene (FLG). Graphene is one
Epitaxial graphene growth on silicon carbide
Epitaxial_graphene_growth_on_silicon_carbide
Type of battery
the single layers of graphene. Raccichini et al. also outlined the drawbacks of graphene and graphene-based composites. Graphene has a large irreversible
Nanobatteries
Physical phenomenon of electron resonance
graphene can be used in conjunction with a silver SPR sensor, providing a cost-effective alternative for measuring glucose levels in urine. Graphene has
Surface_plasmon_resonance
Allotrope of carbon
spk, where k can be 1 or 2, and thus differs from the hybridization of graphene (considered pure sp2) and diamond (pure sp3). First-principles calculations
Graphyne
Interference pattern
on the surface, e.g. single-layer, double-layer graphene, or Van der Waals heterostructure of graphene and hBN, or bismuth and antimony nanostructures
Moiré_pattern
Egyptian-American physical chemist
University. El-Shall's research interests include nanostructured materials, graphene, and nanocatalysis for energy and environmental applications. He is a fellow
Samy_El-Shall
South Korean chemist (born 1971)
large-scale graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which triggered chemical researches toward the practical applications of graphene. His papers
Hong_Byung-hee
Decay of strong electromagnetic fields into particles
Dirac point of a superlattice of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (G/hBN) and another one of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). An interpretation as Zener–Klein
Schwinger_effect
Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diode is a type of nonlinear device very similar to a semiconductor diode and capable of very fast operation. Depending on
Metal–insulator–metal_diode
Materials made only out of carbon
including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and sheets such as graphene. Larger-scale structures of carbon include nanotubes, nanobuds carbon quantum
Allotropes_of_carbon
Battery manufacturer and energy storage developer
transportation and grid applications. It was founded in 2009 to develop graphene-based supercapacitors and operates in Germany and Estonia with headquarters
Skeleton_Technologies
Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer
340 employees that work in development. In 2021, Yadea presented its own graphene batteries that also work at temperatures of −20 °C. Also in 2021, Yadea
Yadea
Quantum phenomena
evaporation at the event horizon of black holes, but for 2-D quasiparticles at graphene p-n junctions, for which the required electric fields are on the order
Klein_paradox
American condensed matter physicist
graphene, including the detection of ballistic transport of charge carriers and the observation of Van Hove singularity in twisted bilayer graphene.
Eva_Andrei
Quantization of cyclotron orbits
materials like graphene near the Dirac cones, where the eigenergies are given by E g r a p h e n e = ± 2 ν ℏ e B v F 2 {\displaystyle E_{\rm {graphene}}=\pm {\sqrt
Landau_levels
Operating system for mobile devices
Verification: Are we screwed? (no, doesn't apply to GOS) - GrapheneOS Discussion Forum". GrapheneOS Discussion Forum. Archived from the original on February
Android_(operating_system)
signals of 50 GHz. The four-terminal geometries have also been created in graphene and function at room-temperature. Additionally, a different, two-terminal
Geometric_diode
Research of materials
Retrieved 2016-05-15. "Is graphene a miracle material?". BBC Click. 21 May 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011. "Could graphene be the new silicon?". The
Materials_science
Israeli physicist
theoretical physics of bilayer graphene, and specifically twisted bilayer graphene. Their calculations predicted that two parallel graphene sheets twisted at an
Rafi_Bistritzer
introduced in the study of wrinkling behavior in thin sheet materials, such as graphene or fabric. It is a localized excitation corresponding to wrinkles in a
Wrinklon
Chemical compound
Fluorographene (or perfluorographane, graphene fluoride) is a fluorocarbon derivative of graphene. It is a two dimensional carbon sheet of sp3 hybridized
Fluorographene
French physicist
article demonstrating the two dimensional properties of graphene and for proposing the use of graphene in electronics. Together with Walt de Heer and Phil
Claire_Berger
Condensed matter system
bosonic or anyonic Dirac matter. Prominent examples of Dirac matter are graphene and other Dirac semimetals, topological insulators, Weyl semimetals, various
Dirac_matter
Computer security vulnerability (2026)
and SE Linux". etbe.coker.com.au. Retrieved 5 May 2026. GrapheneOS (30 April 2026). "GrapheneOS is protected against Copy Fail and similar vulnerabilities
Copy_Fail
Quasiparticle of charge oscillations in condensed matter
properties or structural changes in the adsorbed molecules, polymer layers or graphene, for instance. Surface plasmons may also be observed in the X-ray emission
Plasmon
Class of chemical compounds
Borocarbonitrides are distinct from B,N co-doped graphene in that the former contains separate boron nitride and graphene domains as well as rings with B-C, B-N
Borocarbonitrides
2025 Android smartphone by Google
was later announced, after the issue was resolved. On the same month, GrapheneOS launched an experimental release for Pixel 9a. The design of the Pixel
Pixel_9a
Carbon nanomaterial
style carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Yu et al. reported on "chemically bonded graphene leaves" growing along the sidewalls of CNTs. Stoner et al. described these
Graphenated_carbon_nanotube
Quasiparticle occurring in superconductors
that graphene can turn superconducting when interacting with a Bose–Einstein condensate. This is possible through the interaction between graphene electrons
Bogoliubov_quasiparticle
Materials whose temperature variance leads to voltage change
Functionalization of graphene by oxygen. The thermal behavior of graphene oxide has not been investigated extensively as compared to its counterpart; graphene. However
Thermoelectric_materials
British automobile manufacturing company
lightweight automotive technology, especially for the use of graphene in the car body. Combining graphene within carbon fibre enhances the structural properties
Briggs_Automotive_Company
Crystalline form of carbon
allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and
Graphite
Dutch physicist (born 1976)
research concerns the interaction of light with graphene and other two-dimensional materials, including graphene plasmonics, nano-optoelectronic devices, terahertz
Frank_Koppens
British-Romanian physicist and academic
and optoelectronic devices. Craciun has pioneered the incorporation of graphene into concrete, wearable technologies and optoelectronic devices. Craciun
Monica_Craciun
Nonlinear optical effect
absorption in graphene is almost independent of the incident frequency, which demonstrates that graphene may have important applications in graphene microwave
Saturable_absorption
American chemist
materials including carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene, diamond, and has had pioneering discoveries on such materials and others
Rodney_S._Ruoff
University of Singapore (NUS), is the first centre in Asia dedicated to graphene research. The centre was established under the scientific advice of two
Centre for Advanced 2D Materials
Centre_for_Advanced_2D_Materials
GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE
Boy/Male
Biblical, Dutch, Finnish, French, German
Destroying; Follower of Apollo
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Highly Respectful
Female
Hebrew
(×§Ö·×¨Ö°× Ö´×™Ö¼Ö¸×”) Variant spelling of Hebrew Karnia, CARNIA means "horn of God."Â
Boy/Male
Finnish, German, Swedish
Honest Advisor; Bold Counsel
Surname or Lastname
English
English : origin unidentified; perhaps a variant spelling of Wiles or of Wheeless.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Acclaim appreciation
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Son of Parkin
Surname or Lastname
English (but most common in Wales)
English (but most common in Wales) : from Lowis, Lodovicus, a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements hlod ‘fame’ + wīg ‘war’. This was the name of the founder of the Frankish dynasty, recorded in Latin chronicles as Ludovicus and Chlodovechus (the latter form becoming Old French Clovis, Clouis, Louis, the former developing into German Ludwig). The name was popular throughout France in the Middle Ages and was introduced to England by the Normans. In Wales it became inextricably confused with 2.Welsh : from an Anglicized form of the personal name Llywelyn (see Llewellyn).Irish and Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lughaidh ‘son of Lughaidh’. This is one of the most common Old Irish personal names. It is derived from Lugh ‘brightness’, which was the name of a Celtic god.Americanized form of any of various like-sounding Jewish surnames.This name was brought independently to New England by many bearers from the 17th century onward. William Lewis was one of the founders of Hartford, CT, (coming from Cambridge, MA, with Thomas Hooker) in 1635.
Male
Hebrew
(עוּלָ×) Hebrew unisex name ULLA means "yoke." In the bible, this is the name of a male member of the tribe of Asher. Compare with strictly feminine forms of Ulla.
Boy/Male
Australian, Polish
Royal Staff; Staff of the Gods; Meditation Staff
GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE