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Group of logic families in electronics
electronics, pass transistor logic (PTL) describes several logic families used in the design of integrated circuits. It reduces the count of transistors used
Pass_transistor_logic
Either of two concepts in computer engineering
non-threshold logic (CNTL) Pass-gate/transmission-gate logic: pass transistor logic (PTL) Complementary pass-gate logic (CPL) Push–pull logic Output prediction
Logic_family
Logic gate
leftmost transistors mentioned above, perform an optimized conditional inversion of A when B is at a logic high using pass transistor logic to reduce
XOR_gate
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. CMOS
CMOS
Topics referred to by the same term
license published by IBM Complementary pass-transistor logic, one of many logic families of pass transistor logic used in the design of integrated circuits
CPL
Type of field-effect transistor
metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated
MOSFET
AND and OR logic with diodes and resistors
with control grids in early electronic computers, then transistors in diode–transistor logic) is additionally required to provide logical inversion (NOT)
Diode_logic
Form of digital logic family in integrated circuits
made this logic family the preferred choice for many microprocessors and other logic elements. Depletion-mode n-type MOSFETs as load transistors allow single
Depletion-load_NMOS_logic
Electronic circuit with two stable states
hold D = 0, E = 0: hold D = 0, E = 1: reset A gated D latch in pass transistor logic that is write-enabled when CLK=1, similar to the ones in the CD4042
Flip-flop_(electronics)
Species of bacterium
Using no biological modification of the bacterium, researchers used pass transistor logic to print the various strains onto a flat surface, creating chains
Pantoea_agglomerans
Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such
Bipolar_junction_transistor
Creating an integrated circuit by combining many transistors into a single chip
ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI enables IC designers to add all of these into one chip. The history of the transistor dates to the 1920s when several
Very-large-scale_integration
Multi-transistor electronics configuration
power for the Darlington transistor over a single transistor. The increased low output level can cause troubles when TTL logic circuits are driven. Another
Darlington_transistor
Low-power electronic circuits which use reversible logic to conserve energy
Concept in computer science Ballistic deflection transistor Gojman, Benjamin (2004-08-08). "Adiabatic Logic" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-02-08. Schrom, Gerhard
Adiabatic_circuit
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
single consumer of integrated circuits between 1961 and 1965. Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) was developed by James L. Buie in the early 1960s at TRW
Integrated_circuit
CMOS-based electronic switch
Accordingly, neither of the two transistors will conduct and the transmission gate turns off. When the control input is a logic one, the gate terminal of the
Transmission_gate
Central computer component that executes instructions
(either PMOS logic, NMOS logic, or CMOS logic). However, some companies continued to build processors out of bipolar transistor–transistor logic (TTL) chips
Central_processing_unit
Combinational digital circuit
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Discrete device in an electronic system
transistor) Composite transistors BiCMOS (bipolar CMOS) IGBT (Insulated-gate bipolar transistor) Other transistors Bipolar junction transistor (BJT
Electronic_component
Effect in field-effect transistors
circuits: in logic gates (such as NAND/NOR gates or pass-transistor logic), pull-up or pull-down networks utilize series-connected transistors. In these
Body_effect
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Solid-state electronics based on electron spin
spintronics began with the theoretical proposal of a spin field-effect-transistor by Datta and Das in 1990 and of the electric dipole spin resonance by
Spintronics
Electronic circuit used to multiply binary numbers
compressors; implement the compressors in faster logic (such transmission gate logic, pass transistor logic, domino logic); connect the compressors in a different
Binary_multiplier
and Sunil P. Khatri - "A Structured ASIC Design Approach Using Pass Transistor Logic" Hee Kong Phoon, Matthew Yap and Chuan Khye Chai - "A Highly Compatible
Structured_ASIC_platform
Electronic component to ensure a known state for a signal
switches, transistors and connectors, that physically or electrically interrupt the connection of other components to a low impedance logic-level source
Pull-up_resistor
Method of designing specialized integrated circuits
(SoC) devices. A standard cell is a group of transistor and interconnect structures that provides a Boolean logic function (e.g., AND, OR, XOR, XNOR, inverters)
Standard_cell
Programmable machine that processes data
contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space. However, early junction transistors were relatively bulky devices that
Computer
Solid-state semiconductor device
opto-isolated transistor, and sometimes a resistor to the microcontroller, so that bringing the voltage down to the microcontroller's logic zero pulls enough
TRIAC
Small IBM scientific computer released in 1959
Most of the logic circuitry of the 1620 was a type of resistor–transistor logic (RTL) using "drift" transistors (a type of transistor invented by Herbert
IBM_1620
American electrical engineer and inventor (1931–2022)
conventional junction diode. Biard's patent was filed before Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) circuits had been invented, yet it was written broadly
James_R._Biard
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
is coupled through capacitor C1 to the base of transistor Q1. The capacitor allows the AC signal to pass, but blocks the DC bias voltage established by
Amplifier
Type of voltage regulator
voltages are 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V (for low-voltage CMOS logic circuits), 5 V (for transistor-transistor logic circuits) and 12 V (for communications circuits
Linear_regulator
Linear integrated circuit precision shunt regulator
millivolts. The circuit can control power transistors directly; combinations of the TL431 with power MOS transistors are used in high efficiency, very low
TL431
Electronic device
of infrared radiation, voltage state logics, charge state logics, programmable single-electron transistor logic. The SET has, like the FET, three electrodes:
Single-electron_transistor
Four-layer solid-state current-controlling device
short-circuit the anode and cathode momentarily with a push-button switch or transistor across the junction. When a negative voltage is applied to the anode and
Silicon_controlled_rectifier
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
a subset of logic devices referred to as programmable logic devices (PLDs). They consist of a grid-connected array of programmable logic blocks that can
Field-programmable_gate_array
Component of an audio mixer
evolved… from famous EMI REDD tube consoles at Abbey Road Studios to the transistor-based Neve consoles that emerged in the mid-1960s. Besides the difference
Channel_strip
Differential TTL is a type of binary electrical signaling based on the transistor-transistor logic (TTL) concept. It enables electronic systems to be relatively
Differential_TTL
Overview of and topical guide to electrical engineering
diode Laser diode DIAC Thyristor Transistor Bipolar transistor (BJT) Field effect transistor (FET) Darlington transistor IGBT TRIAC MOSFET Electronic design
Outline of electrical engineering
Outline_of_electrical_engineering
characteristics of transistors on the device. The LADA technique targets a variable power continuous wave (CW) laser at specific device transistors. The laser
Laser-assisted device alteration
Laser-assisted_device_alteration
Power management technique for synchronous digital circuits
fixed logic level, either 0 or 1. One typical implementation uses a CMOS pass-transistor controlled by the inverted control signal. Clock-gating logic can
Clock_gating
Electronic comparator circuit with hysteresis
voltage summer (applying Kirchhoff's voltage law). Examples are the classic transistor emitter-coupled Schmitt trigger, the op-amp inverting Schmitt trigger
Schmitt_trigger
Electromagnetic device
in the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) as it could greatly reduce the component count. Custom tubes could do the same, but transistors could not, so the mag
Magnetic_amplifier
Component of a computer's CPU
constructing low leakage logic from large transistors that some processes provide for analog circuits. Some processes place the transistors above the surface
Control_unit
lead to the development of Computer Space (1971) using a custom transistor-transistor logic design. September 1–3 – The first U.S. Computer Chess Championship
1970_in_video_games
Semiconductor Fabrication Technique
self-aligned gate is a transistor manufacturing approach whereby the gate electrode of a MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) is used as a
Self-aligned_gate
Action performed by computers
digital logic circuits. Memory is read through the use of a combination of p-type and n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs)
Reading_(computer)
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
the most advanced logic devices, prior to the silicon epitaxy step, tricks are performed to improve the performance of the transistors to be built. One
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) is a type of insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) that is fabricated by the controlled
List_of_MOSFET_applications
Two-terminal electronic component
and OR logic gates. Functional completeness can be achieved by adding an active device to provide inversion (as done with diode–transistor logic). In addition
Diode
Arithmetic logic circuit
carry-lookahead adder that uses shared logic to lower the transistor count. As can be seen above in the implementation section, the logic for generating each carry
Carry-lookahead_adder
Loss of control of an exothermal process due to temperature increases
designed to avoid thermal runaway failures. The leakage current of logic switching transistors increases with temperature. In rare instances, this may lead
Thermal_runaway
Electrical circuit component which amplifies the difference of two analog signals
degeneration) makes the transistors act as voltage stabilizers; it forces them to adjust their VBE voltages (base currents) to pass the quiescent current
Differential_amplifier
Classification of power amplifier
cost of class-AB chips. In the illustrations below, a bipolar junction transistor is shown as the amplifying device. However, the same attributes are found
Power_amplifier_classes
Molecule that performs a logical operation
output bit patterns correspond to a specific logic type: PASS 0, YES, NOT, and PASS 1. PASS 0 and PASS 1 always outputs 0 and 1, respectively, regardless
Molecular_logic_gate
Integrated circuit composed of several vertically stacked chips
stacking of logic components. 2.5D integrated circuit Advanced packaging (semiconductors) Charge trap flash (CTF) FinFET (3D transistor) MOSFET Multigate
Three-dimensional integrated circuit
Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit
computers could contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space. Transistors greatly reduced computers' size, initial cost
History_of_computing_hardware
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
Field-effect transistor n–p–n transistor p–n–p transistor Semiconductor detector Semiconductor device Transistor–transistor logic Riordan, Michael; Hoddeson
P–n_junction
invented the first working transistor, the point-contact transistor, in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. At the University of
History_of_computing
Standard for serial communication
implement in a market that was rapidly being dominated by +5/0V transistor-transistor logic (TTL) circuitry and even lower-voltage CMOS implementations.
RS-449
Components licensed as modules in larger integrated circuit designs
mixed-signal logic are generally distributed as hard cores. Hence, analog IP (SerDes, PLLs, DAC, ADC, PHYs, etc.) are provided to chip makers in transistor-layout
Semiconductor intellectual property core
Semiconductor_intellectual_property_core
Multidisciplinary field of engineering
circuits containing ultimately a few million transistors, and a program to carry out the same task through logic. With electromechanical components there
Electromechanics
1975 video game
runs out. The game hardware is a pre-microprocessor discrete transistor-transistor logic (TTL) design, and used the Durastress process. The cabinet was
Hi-way
Amateur radio transceiver
filter. The output passes through the rx mixer. The PIN diode bias is provided by the PA unit and flows through the primary transistor. On the output, current
Yaesu_FT-817
Property of a field-effect transistor
threshold voltage, commonly abbreviated as Vth or VGS(th), of a field-effect transistor (FET) is the minimum gate-to-source voltage (VGS) that is needed to create
Threshold_voltage
Digital logic circuit
Its fast transistor-level implementation is used in the semistatic C-element proposed. Yet another semistatic circuit using pass transistors (actually
C-element
Type of electron tube
synergy. A modern example would be the multiple-emitter transistor of transistor–transistor logic integrated circuits Another modern construct anticipated
Computron_tube
Integrated circuit used for timer applications
design was first marketed in 1972 by Signetics and used bipolar junction transistors. Since then, numerous companies have made the original timers and later
555_timer_IC
Modular synthesizer, introduced the Eurorack standard
VCS 3 style 18 dB/octave diode low-pass filter A-103 – Roland TB-303 style 18 dB/octave transistor ladder low-pass filter A-104 – Trautonium style formant
Doepfer_A-100
processors to contain more than 2 billion transistors on a single die. This total is made up as follows: core logic — 430 million system interface — 157 million
Tukwila_(processor)
Timeline of microprocessors
microprocessor. Designers predominantly used MOSFET transistors with pMOS logic in the early 1970s, switching to nMOS logic after the mid-1970s. Depletion-mode nMOS
Microprocessor_chronology
Specialized computer language used to describe electronic circuits
electronic technology, such as emitter-coupled logic (ECL), transistor–transistor logic (TTL), or complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS). HDLs
Hardware_description_language
Romanian mathematician
research was mainly in the fields of mathematical logic (Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebra), algebraic logic, MV-algebra, and differential equations. He is viewed
Grigore_Moisil
Collection of electronic switches arranged in a matrix
alternative to logic gates for computation. Matrix arrays are fundamental to modern flat-panel displays. Thin-film-transistor LCDs have a transistor at each
Crossbar_switch
Minicomputer product line
priced at $18,500 (equivalent to about $189,000 in 2025). It uses diode–transistor logic packaged on flip chip cards in a machine about the size of a small
PDP-8
splitter", especially in the context of vacuum tube implementations); a transistor implementation is shown in the diagram; a differential pair amplifier
Phase_splitter
British synthesizer manufacturer
interface against cost and sound quality. They realised that transistor-transistor logic (TTL) could provide a stable sound source, and managed to persuade
Electronic_Dream_Plant
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
the arithmetic logic unit of von-Neumann computers, i.e., of vacuum tubes and of transistors. In contrast to vacuum tubes and transistors, the signal output
Memristor
Standard forms of Boolean functions
to be NAND and NOR because of the complementing action inherent in transistor logic. The values are defined as voltage states, one near ground and one
Canonical_normal_form
Type of mainframe computer
required only one transistor per logic element, whereas conventional voltage-based logic would require two or more. Although transistors were falling in
Ferranti_Orion
Graphical representation of an electrical circuit
C1 is the first capacitor, L1 is the first inductor, Q1 is the first transistor, and R1 is the first resistor. Often the value or type designation of
Circuit_diagram
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
science, Glossary of robotics, Glossary of machine vision, and Glossary of logic. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Device which extracts info from a modulated radio frequency current or voltage
diodes, transistors, or integrated circuits. In a superheterodyne receiver the term is also sometimes used to refer to the mixer, the tube or transistor which
Detector_(radio)
Capacitor used to prevent energy transfer between two circuits
component of a circuit. Active devices of an electronic system (e.g. transistors, integrated circuits, vacuum tubes) are connected to their power supplies
Decoupling_capacitor
Electrical switch that uses superconductivity
limited its practicality, it wasn't until the late 2010s that commercial transistors came close to matching this performance.[citation needed] There have
Cryotron
Electronic circuit simulator software
models and a built-in 12-state digital logic simulator, (b) with subcircuit models that use the actual transistor topology of the integrated circuit, and
CircuitLogix
Intelligence in machines
techniques including state space search and mathematical optimisation, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, operations
Artificial_intelligence
Device that controls current between electrodes
Beginning in the mid-1960s, thermionic tubes were being replaced by the transistor and solid-state semiconductor technology. However, the cathode-ray tube
Vacuum_tube
124–128. Oklobdzija, V. G., Maksimovic, D., & Lin, F. (1997). Pass-transistor adiabatic logic using single power-clock supply. IEEE Transactions on Circuits
Vojin_G._Oklobdzija
School subject taught in Scotland
configurations. - Basic transistor theory, associated calculations and MOSFET operation. - CMOS and TTL IC comparison, logic gates, truth tables, boolean
Technological_studies
Multi-chip CPU by IBM implementing the POWER instruction set architecture
number of transistors featured by the POWER1, assuming that it is a RIOS-1 configuration, is 6.9 million, with 2.04 million used for logic and 4.86 million
POWER1
Biological molecules for computations
Endy, announced that they had created the biological equivalent of a transistor, which they dubbed a "transcriptor". The invention was the final of the
Biological_computing
American test and measurement devices company
manufacturing electronic testing and measurement devices such as oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and video and mobile test protocol equipment. Originally an independent
Tektronix
delay box utilized a quartz crystal for timing accuracy and Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits. Furrow's digital delay box was a substantial
Delay_box
Micro-electronic component
capabilities similar to a logic analyzer. In parallel, the hardware elements are grouped and passed through a process of logic synthesis, during which performance
System_on_a_chip
Computer of the Saturn V rocket
either one transistor or two diodes, were reflow soldered to the top side. The complete module was called a unit logic device. The unit logic device (ULD)
Launch Vehicle Digital Computer
Launch_Vehicle_Digital_Computer
Use of various control systems for operating equipment
electricity production, prompting Bell Labs to begin research on the transistor. The logic performed by telephone switching relays was the inspiration for
Automation
SI derived unit of voltage
battery: 3.75 V (see Comparison of commercial battery types) Transistor–transistor logic/CMOS (TTL) power supply: 5 V USB: 5 V DC PP3 battery: 9 V Automotive
Volt
Electronic control system
ahead of its time in that its phase detector was a relay logic implementation of the transistor circuits for phase/frequency detectors not seen until the
Phase-locked_loop
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
operates. The output of the compilation is only an interconnection of transistors or lookup tables. An example of hardware compiler is XST, the Xilinx
Compiler
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PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval female personal name Cass, a short form of Cassandra. This was the name (of uncertain, possibly non-Greek, origin) of an ill-fated Trojan prophetess of classical legend, condemned to foretell the future but never be believed; her story was well known and widely popular in medieval England.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French bas(se) ‘low’, ‘short’ (Latin bassus ‘thickset’; see Basso), either a descriptive nickname for a short person or a status name meaning ‘of humble origin’, not necessarily with derogatory connotations.English : in some instances, from Middle English bace ‘bass’ (the fish), hence a nickname for a person supposedly resembling this fish, or a metonymic occupational name for a fish seller or fisherman.Scottish : habitational name from a place in Aberdeenshire, of uncertain origin.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker or player of bass viols, from Polish, Ukrainian, and Yiddish bas ‘bass viol’.German : see Basse.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : topographic name from Middle Low German plas ‘place’, ‘open square’, ‘street’.South German (also Pläss) : from a short form of the medieval personal name Blasius.English : variant of Place 3.
Boy/Male
Indian
Famous pass
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Pass.French : possibly a nickname from passe ‘sparrow’.
Male
Finnish
Pet form of Finnish Paavo, PASI means "small."Â
Boy/Male
English Latin Irish Welsh
Wealthy man.
Surname or Lastname
South German, Swiss, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
South German, Swiss, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : topographic name for someone who lived in a street in a city, town, or village, Middle High German gazze, German Gasse, Yiddish gas ‘street’, ‘side street’.English : variant of Gash.Altered spelling of German Gast, found in the areas of Swiss settlement.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Pass through
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name denoting a serf, Middle English, Old French vass(e), from Late Latin vassus, of Celtic origin. Compare Welsh gwas ‘boy’, Gaelic foss ‘servant’.English : variant of Vause.Swedish : variant of Wass.South German : variant of Fass.Hungarian : from vas ‘iron’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a blacksmith, or a nickname for a resilient, tough man.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Pass through
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Pass through
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a medieval vernacular short form of the personal name Pascal, Latin Paschalis (see Pascal).
Female
English
English short form of Latin Cassandra, CASS means "she who entangles men."Â
Surname or Lastname
North German variant of Laas 2.Jewish (Ashkenazic)
North German variant of Laas 2.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : unexplained.English : nickname from Middle English lesse, lasse ‘smaller’ (from Old English lǣssa ‘less’), perhaps also used in the sense ‘younger’.
Girl/Female
English
Cassandra was a Trojan prophetess, daughter of King Priam. A diminutive of Casirnir, Cassandra,...
Boy/Male
Muslim
Famous pass
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the medieval personal name Pascal, which was brought to England from France.German : topographic name from Pass ‘pass’, ‘passage’ (from Middle Low German pas ‘pace’, ‘passage way’, ‘water gauge’).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name or nickname from Yiddish and Polish pas ‘belt’, ‘girdle’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Pask, from the byform pasche, Latin pascha.Americanized spelling of German Pasch.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Ness.German : from Middle High German naz ‘wet’, a nickname for a heavy drinker or a topographic name for someone living on wet land.
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
PASS TRANSISTOR-LOGIC
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