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Egg cell abnormalities
insufficiency (POI), other maturation abnormalities, maternal ageing, and mitochondrial abnormalities. Oocyte abnormalities can be caused by a variety of genetic
Oocyte_abnormalities
Immature ovum or egg cell
An oocyte (/ˈoʊəsaɪt/, oöcyte, or ovocyte) is a female germ cell involved in sexual reproduction. An oocyte is an immature ovum, an immature egg cell produced
Oocyte
Procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes)
Oocyte cryopreservation (commonly referred to as OC or egg freezing) is a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to preserve human eggs (oocytes)
Oocyte_cryopreservation
Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes
occur in the form of numerical abnormalities, where there is an atypical number of chromosomes, or as structural abnormalities, where one or more individual
Chromosome_abnormality
Chromosome disorder in women
trisomy X. The increased risk of abnormal offspring in mosaicism has been hypothesized to be a consequence of oocyte abnormality in 46,XX/47,XXX women not seen
Trisomy_X
Ovum quality is the measure of the ability of an oocyte (the female gamete) to achieve successful fertilisation and develop into a viable embryo. The quality
Ovum_quality
Sampling of a polar body of an oocyte
side-effects, and more sensitive in detecting abnormalities. The first polar body is removed from the unfertilised oocyte, and the second PB from the zygote, shortly
Polar_body_biopsy
Assisted reproductive technology procedure
infertility is related to abnormalities in spermatogenesis, male offspring will have a higher risk for sperm abnormalities. In some cases genetic testing
In_vitro_fertilisation
Medical condition
fertilize a normal oocyte to make a XXXY zygote. In the case where the oocyte is the genetic cause of 48,XXXY syndrome the oocyte would contain three
XXXY_syndrome
Male reproductive cell
various abnormalities. The capacitation is the final phase of spermatozoa development, when they acquire the capability to fertilize the oocyte. In vivo
Sperm
Failure of an embryo to implant
difficult to diagnose sperm genetic abnormalities because morphological studies could identify a good quality oocyte when initial transfer occurs, but due
Repeated_implantation_failure
In vitro fertilization procedure
selected genetic abnormalities to offspring, either through the procedure itself or through the increased inherent risk of such abnormalities in parents undergoing
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection
Cell division producing haploid gametes
restored. In females, meiosis occurs in cells known as oocytes (singular: oocyte). Each primary oocyte divides twice in meiosis, unequally in each case. The
Meiosis
Medical condition of mis-shaped sperm
microscope to detect abnormalities. These abnormalities may include heads that are large, small, tapered, or pyriform or tails that are abnormally shaped. Antiestrogens
Teratospermia
Byproduct of oogenesis
body of an oocyte. After sampling of a polar body, subsequent analysis can be used to predict viability and pregnancy chance of the oocyte, as well as
Polar_body
Photographic display of total chromosome complement in a cell
common numerical abnormalities. Structural abnormalities often arise from errors in homologous recombination. Both types of abnormalities can occur in gametes
Karyotype
Asexual reproduction without fertilization
of viable offspring. During oocyte development, high metaphase-promoting factor (MPF) activity causes mammalian oocytes to arrest at the metaphase II
Parthenogenesis
Organs involved in reproduction
of mammal, oocytes continue to be replenished in females well after birth. In male germ cells and spermatozoa, and also in female oocytes, special DNA
Human_reproductive_system
Failure to separate properly during cell division
development. Mature oocytes have only limited capacity for reloading cohesin after completion of S phase. The prolonged arrest of human oocytes prior to completion
Nondisjunction
Tubes in the human female reproductive system
secondary oocyte is released from the ovary. The follicle and the ovary's wall rupture, allowing the secondary oocyte to escape. The secondary oocyte is caught
Fallopian_tube
Genetic profiling of embryos prior to implantation
risk of errors during the meiotic division of oocytes. These errors lead to chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidies (monosomies, trisomies, and
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Preimplantation_genetic_diagnosis
Medical condition
Given the absence of the acrosome, these sperm are unable to penetrate the oocyte and are unable to achieve fertilization through conventional means; however
Globozoospermia
Stimulation of ovulation by medication
found no difference in overall abnormalities but did find a significantly higher rate of locomotor and cardiac abnormalities among the group having taken
Ovulation_induction
Gland that produces sex cells
testes of older men often have sperm abnormalities that can ultimately lead to male infertility. These abnormalities include accumulation of DNA damage
Gonad
Estimation of embryo quality for in vitro fertilization
detection of chromosomal abnormalities such as aneuploidy, reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations, and few cases for other abnormalities such as chromosomal
Embryo_quality
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
providing ATP necessary for the development from germinal vesicle to mature oocyte, a decreased mitochondria function can lead to inflammation, resulting in
Mitochondrion
X chromosome monosomy
ultrasonographic abnormalities, and conversely, those with mosaic karyotypes are less likely to have associated ultrasound abnormalities. Turner syndrome
Turner_syndrome
Process to preserve biological matter
implantation, or live birth rate, whether from IVF or oocyte donation cycles. Rather, oocyte age, survival proportion, and number of transferred embryos
Cryopreservation
Less frequent menstruation
Syndrome "oocyte apoptosis is markedly accelerated in the early stage of fetal life," leading to low ovarian reserve and menstrual abnormalities. Many of
Oligomenorrhea
Application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs
aspirated. This technique is also used in transvaginal oocyte retrieval to obtain human eggs (oocytes) through sonographic directed transvaginal puncture
Gynecologic_ultrasonography
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
somatic cells directly affect oocyte growth and function. Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) is expressed in oocytes and is thought to be required
Growth differentiation factor 9
Growth_differentiation_factor_9
Scientific analysis of semen
abnormalities are frequently mixed, the teratozoospermia index (TZI) is really helpful. This index is the mean number of abnormalities per abnormal sperm
Semen_analysis
Preserving an embryo at sub-zero temperatures
later for another pregnancy. Spare oocytes or embryos resulting from fertility treatments may be used for oocyte donation or embryo donation to another
Embryo_cryopreservation
Relationship between getting older and ability to reproduce among females
35. Another fertility procedure is Oocyte cryopreservation (egg freezing), which involves the preservation of oocytes by freezing them. These can then be
Age_and_female_fertility
Commercial cloning of animals
transferred into the blank oocyte in order to provide genetic material, and fused with the oocyte using an electrical current. The oocyte is then activated and
Commercial_animal_cloning
Chromosomal disorder
features, heart defects, skeletal anomalies, and pubertal and reproductive abnormalities. The condition is exceptionally rare, with an estimated prevalence between
Pentasomy_X
Chromosomal abnormality
ribosomal genes in the nucleolar fibrillar center in meiotic spermatocytes and oocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 80 (19): 5946–5950.
Robertsonian_translocation
Testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus
potential for certain abnormalities occurring, whereas, diagnostic testing is used to confirm/diagnose that specific abnormalities exist within the fetus
Prenatal_testing
Medical condition
Paternal UPD arises from nondisjunction in oocyte which causes nullisomy of that chromosome. When such oocyte gets fertilised, conceptus will have 1 chromosome
Kagami–Ogata_syndrome
the blastocyst phase. This is because before day 3 the embryo uses the oocyte reserves, however, from day 3 to the blastocyst it starts to express different
Embryo_culture
Drug class affecting sex hormones
reduce increases in luteinizing hormone when a person is preparing for an oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization. GNRHa's act as a suppressor of spontaneous
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_agonist
Chromosomal disorder
MacFarlane, Amanda J; Marchetti, Francesco (4 July 2020). "Mechanisms of oocyte aneuploidy associated with advanced maternal age". Mutation Research/Reviews
XXXYY_syndrome
Medical condition
a fistula. Though rare, a fistula can form after the minimally invasive oocyte retrieval part of infertility treatment. Urogenital fistulas (vesicovaginal)
Urogenital_fistula
Carbocyclic sugar
ovarian follicle maturation and consequently to a higher oocyte quality. Improving the oocyte quality in both women with or without PCOS, myo-inositol
Inositol
Natural changes in the human female reproductive system
the follicle stimulating hormone prompts the production and growth of oocytes (immature egg cells). The hormone estrogen stimulates the uterus lining
Menstrual_cycle
Presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
always lethal to embryos that cease developing because of it. As women age, oocytes develop defects in mitochondrial structure and function and have meiotic
Aneuploidy
Female reproductive organ that produces egg cells
maturation, and their size is indicative of the stage of oocyte development. When an oocyte completes its maturation in the ovary, a surge of luteinizing
Ovary
First cloned mammal (1996–2003)
the cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred into an unfertilised oocyte (developing egg cell) that has had its cell nucleus removed. The hybrid
Dolly_(sheep)
Cell cycle protein
cells in the testis, somewhat contradictory to its observed function in oocyte meiosis in other organisms. When it was initially characterized in HeLa
Cyclin_B3
Relationship between biological organs
pituitary and ovaries, regulating processes such as follicle development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. Dysregulation of the kisspeptin system has been
Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal_axis
Method of creating a cloned embryo by replacing the egg nucleus with a body cell nucleus
body cell and an egg cell. The technique consists of taking a denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. It
Somatic_cell_nuclear_transfer
Macromolecular complex
monolayers in a wound-healing model. In mammalian oocytes, the Arp2/3 complex is involved in oocyte asymmetric division and polar body emission, which
Arp2/3_complex
Method of assisted reproduction
those born from non-frozen blastocysts. When transferring a frozen-thawed oocyte, the chance of pregnancy is essentially the same whether it is transferred
Embryo_transfer
Blood escaping from the circulatory system
among lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval. Anus Melena — upper gastrointestinal bleeding Hematochezia —
Bleeding
Medical condition
most common. Because mitochondrial DNA is contributed to the embryo by the oocyte and not by spermatozoa, this disease is inherited from maternal family members
Diabetes_and_deafness
Enzyme in human blood that degrades clots and other proteins
important in fertilization and the oocyte-sperm interaction. Studies have shown that plasmin inhibition hindered oocyte maturation and embryo development
Plasmin
Study of the human mitochondrial genome
offspring can vary greatly because the mitochondria within the fertilized oocyte is what the new life will have to begin with (in terms of mtDNA), the number
Human_mitochondrial_genetics
Protein found in humans
development of the female reproductive tract. Specifically, by supporting oocyte development and regulating the formation of the mullerian duct, which will
WNT4
Procreative biological processes of humanity
fertilized, this egg is flushed out of the system through menstruation. Oocytes (female germ cells) located in the primordial follicle of the ovary are
Human_reproduction
Aberrant cellular division pathway
removed the nucleus from a donor oocyte and replaced it with the nucleus from a somatic cell, preserving the oocyte's cytoplasm. Next the somatic nucleus
Meiomitosis
Mammalian protein found in humans
indicating abnormalities in cell alignment in the absence of normal Aspm. Another significant impact of mutated Aspm is seen in germline abnormalities within
ASPM_(gene)
Medical condition
NOBOX: transcription factor involved in oocyte development FIGLA: transcription factor involved in activating oocyte-related genes PSMC3IP: nuclear protein
XX_gonadal_dysgenesis
Protein-coding gene in humans
Northern blot analysis BMP-15 mRNA is locally expressed within the ovaries in oocytes only after they have started to undergo the primary stages of development
Bone_morphogenetic_protein_15
Procedure to preserve sperm cells
Cryopreservation of animal genetic resources § Semen Frozen bovine semen Oocyte cryopreservation Reed, ML; Ezeh, PC; Hamic, A; Thompson, DJ; Caperton, CL
Semen_cryopreservation
recognition and cell adhesion, potentially binding zona pellucida ligands or oocyte membrane receptors. Disintegrin domains in ADAM proteins are approximately
ADAM20
Chemical compound
perfluorodecanoic acid on pig oocyte viability, intracellular calcium levels and gap junction intercellular communication during oocyte maturation in vitro".
Perfluorodecanoic_acid
cysts, coordinating the number of mitotic divisions prior to meiosis, and oocyte determination by serving as a structure for intercellular communication
Fusome
Inherited genetic variation
mutations that can be passed on to offspring, when either a mutated sperm or oocyte come together to form a zygote. After this fertilization event occurs, germ
Germline_mutation
Production of sperm
serious abnormalities may result. In humans, chromosomal abnormalities arising from incorrect spermatogenesis results in congenital defects and abnormal birth
Spermatogenesis
Chemical compound
vesicle of plasma membrane into a micro-needle. Thereby, the oocyte genome is removed from the oocyte, while preventing rupture of the plasma membrane. This
Cytochalasin_B
Group of transport proteins
the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, MagT1 mediates saturable Mg2+ uptake with a Km of 0.23 mM. Transport of
Magnesium_transporter1_family
Pregnancy at older ages
pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, stillbirth, chromosomal abnormalities, spontaneous miscarriage and cesarean delivery. Advanced age can also
Advanced_maternal_age
Mammalian protein found in humans
of oocyte/embryo quality with DHEA supplementation potentially suggests a new concept of ovarian aging, where ovarian environments, but not oocytes themselves
Anti-Müllerian_hormone
GTP-binding proteins functioning on cell-cycle regulation
development, produces eye and wing abnormalities. (This parallels - and may be the reason for - similar abnormalities due to mutated receptor tyrosine kinases
Ras_GTPase
Edible animal product
is caused by a counter-peristalsis contraction and occurs when a second oocyte is released by the ovary before the first egg has completely traveled through
Eggs_as_food
Species of fly
a short life without feeding. Oocyte development begins as soon as females leave the pupal stage of development. Oocyte development finishes in about
Cuterebra_fontinella
Medical condition
Müllerian development, resulting in uterine abnormalities. Exposure to DES induced multiple uterine abnormalities including constriction bands, hypoplasticity
Müllerian_anomalies
Inability to reproduce
leading up to menopause. As women age, the number of ovarian follicles and oocytes (eggs) decline, leading to a reduced ovarian reserve. Some women undergo
Infertility
Species of annelid
female oocytes suggests that the embryo is lecithotrophic meaning the only nutrition is within the yolk of the egg. Prior to fertilisation these oocytes are
Alvinella_pompejana
disorder, which is characterised by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, dental abnormalities, and hypomyelination. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000148606 –
POLR3A
Periodic shedding of the uterine lining
aneuploidy in stimulated and unstimulated (natural) uninseminated human oocytes." Human Reproduction 7.10 (1992): 1396-1401. Bellofiore N, Cousins F, Temple-Smith
Menstruation_(mammal)
Medical condition
be caused by trisomy rescue. Maternal UPD arises from nondisjunction in oocyte and causes trisomy when it gets fertilised, there will be 3 chromosomes(trisomy)
Temple_syndrome
Its major effects include a reduction in ovulation rate, a decline in oocyte quality, menstrual irregularities, a decreased pregnancy rate and a rise
Obesity_and_fertility
Arrangement in which a woman carries and delivers a child for designated parent(s)
hypertensive disorder during pregnancy compared to mothers pregnant by oocyte donation are usually comparing younger, healthier, fertile gestational carriers
Surrogacy
Periodic shedding of the uterine lining
the follicle stimulating hormone prompts the production and growth of oocytes (immature egg cells). The hormone estrogen stimulates the uterus lining
Menstruation
Genetically modified human embryo
PGD are obtained from IVF procedures in which the oocyte is artificially fertilised by sperm. Oocytes from the woman are harvested following controlled
Designer_baby
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
phosphorylation on the serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in the mouse oocytes and early embryos". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 40 (4):
ZXDC
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
deficiency led to infertility because of abnormal folliculogenesis. Further examination showed that oocytes from these female mice did not complete meiotic
LFNG
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception
manifest as frank infertility. Chromosomal abnormalities causing female infertility include Turner syndrome. Oocyte donation is an alternative for patients
Female_infertility
Method of assisted reproduction
Partner-assisted reproduction, reception of oocytes from partner (ROPA), reciprocal IVF, shared motherhood, partner IVF or co-IVF is a method of family
Partner-assisted_reproduction
British geneticist (1930–2013)
growth; glycoprotein composition and cell-to-cell interactions in the cumulus-oocyte complex. Fowler continued to work and publish into the 1980s. An obituary
Ruth_Fowler_Edwards
Condition in which a bodily orifice or passage is closed or absent
follicular atresia is a process that leads to the follicular loss and loss of oocytes, and any disturbance or loss of functionality of this process can lead
Atresia
Process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell
pellucida (a layer of extracellular matrix), which surround the mammalian oocyte. In the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, sperms aggregate in 'trains' that
Sperm_motility
Medical condition
autonomic dysfunction, such as pupillary abnormalities, an abnormal reaction to intradermal histamine, abnormal sweating, orthostatic hypotension (low blood
Triple-A_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in humans
coitus. Mutant embryos display apoptotic and stunted allantoises with abnormal endothelial differentiation, leading to failure of vascular remodeling
TBX4
Protein-coding gene in humans
neurodevelopmental disorder with coarse facies and mild distal skeletal abnormalities, which was first described in 2019 by Stolerman et al. Standard laboratory
KDM6B
Class of heart medication
Jie (2012). "The role of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, on oocyte maturation and subsequent pregnancy in mice". PLOS ONE. 7 (1) e30649. Bibcode:2012PLoSO
Cardiotonic_agent
process is not well understood, high-resolution imaging of live mouse oocytes has revealed that chromosomes form an intermediate chromosomal configuration
Biorientation
Mating selected dogs for specific qualities
before the oocytes (ovum) can be fertilized, she will appear to have a gestation length of 70 days. If she is bred on the day the oocytes can be fertilized
Dog_breeding
Protein-coding gene in humans
consistent with a role in sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in human oocytes". Hum. Reprod. 25 (9): 2316–27. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq180. PMID 20634189
SMC3
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
Biblical
a very fat or plentiful vale
Boy/Male
Indian
Warner, Cautioner
Male
Italian
Italian and Spanish Latin Augustus, AUGUSTO means "venerable."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Star
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Bird; Independence
Girl/Female
Indian
Whole
Boy/Male
Tamil
Glory of Hera, Divine glory
Boy/Male
Tamil
Huge, Broad, Great
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess of birth &death
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
OOCYTE ABNORMALITIES
n.
The lowest of the three divisions of the Jurassic period; a name given in England and Europe to a series of marine limestones underlying the Oolite. See the Chart of Geology.
imp. & p. p.
of Locate
v. i.
To place one's self; to take up one's residence; to settle.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Locate
v. t.
To place; to set in a particular spot or position.
n.
Same as Oolite.
n.
One who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining claim.
a.
Of or pertaining to an oophyte.
v. t.
To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of; as, to locate a public building; to locate a mining claim; to locate (the land granted by) a land warrant.
n.
Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (collectively termed oophytes or Oophyta), which have their sexual reproduction accomplished by motile antherozoids acting on oospheres, either while included in their oogonia or after exclusion.
a.
Of or pertaining to oolite; composed of, or resembling, oolite.
n.
A variety of limestone, consisting of small round grains, resembling the roe of a fish. It sometimes constitutes extensive beds, as in the European Jurassic. See the Chart of Geology.
n.
Oolite or roestone; -- written also hammite.
n.
Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (Zygophytes, Zygophyta, or Zygosporeae), in which reproduction consists in the union of two similar cells. Cf. Oophyte.
v. t.
To locate again.
n.
The part of the oviduct of certain trematode worms in which the ova are completed and furnished with a shell.
n.
A deposit of coralliferous limestone forming a portion of the middle division of the oolite; -- called also coral-rag.
n.
To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; as, to place a book on a shelf; to place balls in tennis.
a.
Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, including, as divided in England and Europe, the Lias, Oolite, and Wealden; -- named from certain rocks of the Jura mountains.